污染控制模型体系构建意义及文献综述——从中微观的执行层面

污染控制中微观执行层面的模型体系构建是各国环境管理等学科所面临的难题。根据经典研究,以管理当局为委托人,排污企业为代理人,通过建立以金融期权为拓展的污染控制激励模型;并以激励模型为核心,引入第三方进行独立监督,建立监督模型;同时,围绕激励模型,将一部分控污业务进行外包,建立外包模型,这样三位一体的污染控制模型体系具有一定的现实意义。预期解决经典研究的两个问题。最后,进行污染控制模型体系构建的文献综述,强调了污染控制模型体系构建的理论及现实意义。

论沥青中面层的施工工艺

从沥青土路面施工全过程出发,对实际施工中的工序、工艺技术进行了阐述。

层状地质体与地下工程开挖三维可视化

地质体与人造工程几何形态极其复杂,其三维可视化是地学的一个难题。通过多层 DEM 形成层状地质体界面,在此基础上,借助中轴变换技术概念,用地层厚度和地层中层面将地层的形状特征及拓扑关系表现出来,建立了一个判断地层任意位置属性值的方法,藉此运用空间插值技术、等值线生成技术、扫描表示技术等可视化技术将地层以及地下工程开挖绘制出来,避免了复杂的开挖体元属性及形体判断和开挖面与体元求交过程。采用此方法实现了某水电站地层与厂房基坑开挖三维可视化。

Rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures in the middle course

In order to improve the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures in the middle course to reduce the rutting of asphalt pavement, the influence of different types of gradation with their own optimal asphaltaggregate ratios is analyzed. Some investigations are made out on the mixture in the middle course through the modified wheel tracking test in air bath and the Hamburg wheel tracking test （HWTT） in water bath, and the results of which are compared with the corresponding research in Germany. Results show that the Sup20 and the modified AC-20I have better performance than that of AC-20I under the same test conditions. In addition, the high-quality bitumen and hard aggregate can improve the rutting performance of the mixture in water-submerged conditions. The selection of modified asphalt, hard aggregate and a reasonable gradation are essential to the improvement of the rutting resistance of the mixtures used in the middle course.

国共内战时期东北地方层面上的中苏关系——以旅大地区苏军《实话报》为例

本文旨在以驻旅大地区苏军占领当局发行的中文报纸《实话报》为切入点,通过报社的运营、刊载内容两个方面,来考察国共内战时期地方政权层面上的中苏合作的具体特点,以及该时期苏联驻外机构的对外宣传的实质和内容,进而从地方政权层面的视点来探讨中苏同盟关系的形成过程。二战后,随着苏联红军和中共军队进驻中国东北,中苏双方在地方层面上发生大量实质性接触,两者关系不再停留于以往的以最高指挥部为主的单一局面。在苏军的大力扶持下,由中共主导成立了大连地方政权。面对来自国民政府的外交压力,该政权名义上为地方自治政权,实质上在中共旅大地方党组织~①的控制下运行。中共同苏方于国共内战时期展开了紧密合作,为其后的中苏间的国家同盟关系的形成提供了物质基础。需要注意的是,双方这种地方层面上的合作的形成并非一帆风顺,其是在中苏力量对比悬殊的制约以及复杂的国际形势下,不断克服一系列的利益冲突而逐步发展起来的。因此,把握住中共与苏联地方层面合作关系的特点,将有助于理解这一时期的中共与苏联之间的关系。本文的研究对象《实话报》,是驻旅大地区苏军当局在中共的协助下,于当地发行的面向该地区读者的中文报纸。《实话报》的产生是中共与苏联在旅大地区战略利益一致的结果;而《实话报》内中苏工作人员间的合作则典型地折射出此期中共与苏联地方层面关系的实质。本文采用口述历史与文献研究相结合的研究手法,以当事人回忆录、中共党史文献等为主要利用材料。

Plate reinforced square hollow section X-joints subjected to in-plane moment

The static test of 13 square hollow section(SHS) X-joints with different β and different types of plate reinforcement under in-plane moment in brace was carried out. Experimental test schemes, failure modes of specimens, moment-vertical displacement curves, moment-deformation of the chord, and strain strength distribution curves were presented. The effect of β and plate reinforcement types on in-plane flexural property of SHS X-joints was studied. Results show that punching shear of chord face disappears, brace material fracture appears and concave and convex deformation of chord decrease when either collar plates or doubler plates were welded on chord face. Moment-vertical displacement curves of all specimens have obvious elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic stages. As β increases, the in-plane flexural ultimate capacity and initial stiffness of joints of the same plate reinforcement type increase, but ductility of joints decreases. With the same β, the in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of doubler plate reinforced joints, collar plate reinforced joints, and unreinforced joints decrease progressively. Thickness of reinforcement plate has no obvious effect on in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of joints. As thickness of reinforcement plate increases, the ductility of reinforced X-joints decreases. The concave and convex deformation of every specimen has good symmetry;as β increases, the yield and ultimate deformation of chord decrease.

The Effect of the East China Sea Kuroshio Front on the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Various satellite data,JRA-25(Japan reanalysis of 25 years) reanalyzed data and WRF(Weather Research Forecast) model are used to investigate the in situ effect of the ESKF(East China Sea Kuroshio Front) on the MABL(marine atmospheric boundary layer).The intensity of the ESKF is most robust from January to April in its annual cycle.The local strong surface northerly/northeasterly winds are observed right over the ESKF in January and in April and the wind speeds decrease upward in the MABL.The thermal wind effect that is derived from the baroclinic MABL forced by the strong SST gradient contributes to the strong surface winds to a large degree.The convergence zone existing along the warm flank of the ESKF is stronger in April than in January corresponding to the steeper SST(sea surface temperature) gradient.The collocations of the cloud cover maximum and precipitation maximum are basically consistent with the convergence zone of the wind field.The clouds develop higher(lower) in the warm(cold) flank of the ESKF due to the less(more) stable stratification in the MABL.The lowest clouds are observed in April on the cold flank of the ESKF and over the Yellow Sea due to the existence of the pronounced temperature inversion.The numerical experiments with smoothed SST are consistent with the results from the ovservations.

Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Front on Stratus-Sea Fog over the Yellow and East China Seas-A Case Study with Implications for Climatology

A stratus-sea fog event that occurred over the Yellow and East China Seas on 3 June 2011 is investigated using observations and a numerical model, with a focus on the effects of background circulation and Sea Surface Temperature Front （SSTF） on the transition of stratus into sea fog. Southerly winds of a synoptic high-pressure circulation transport water vapor to the Yellow Sea, creating conditions favorable for sea fog/stratus formation. The subsidence from the high-pressure contributes to the temperature inversion at the top of the stratus. The SSTF forces a secondary circulation within the ABL （Atmospheric Boundary Layer）, the sinking branch of which on the cold flank of SSTF helps lower the stratus layer fiLrther to reach the sea surface. The cooling effect over the cold sea surface counteracts the adiabatic warming induced by subsidence. The secondary circulation becomes weak and the fog patches are shrtmk heavily with the smoothed SSTE A conceptual model is proposed for the transition of stratus into sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas. Finally, the analyses suggest that sea fog frequency will probably decrease due to the weakened SSTF and the reduced subsidence of secondary circulation under global wanning.

Route and Rethink of China＇s Directly Applicable Law

Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.

German Poetry in African Languages： The Translation of Selected German Poems From an Intercultural Perspective

The article deals with the translation of German poetry into Wolof and is based on Tamsir Annes＇s translation of German poems under the title Tdere-Woy yi/Das Buch der Lieder. My purpose in this paper is to answer the question of how elements of the vocabulary of sciences （literature and philosophy） as well as cultural specific items are rendered in the Wolof target text. Therefore, in this work, I explore methods and strategies of translation like borrowings, paraphrases, and analyze furthermore some differences noticeable in the translation of some poems at the cultural level. These analysis-steps enable the investigation of, contextually, the central issue of ＂cultural translatability＂ and the reception of translation of European poetry into African languages in general and German poetry into Wolof in particular. The article also focuses on the importance of the reception of German poetry in Wolof as a means of intercultural communication between German and Wolof-speaking countries but as means to develop African languages like Wolof in which the translation of the selected poems has been operated.

The age measures and its layer sequence tratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediment in Lushan Dajiaochang of China

Through the scientific investigation on Lushan for a long time, detailed studies have been carried out on the geologic stratum section of Late Quaternary in Dajiaochang. The series age data of complete stratigraphic section and full time formation since 400 kaBP were based on the results of the analyses using the dating methods with various instruments such as the ancient geomagnetism, electronics spin resonance （ESR）, 36C1 and lumines- cence dating, etc. Corresponding to these data, it identified the paleomagnetic polarity events including Biwa- III event （320 kaBP）, Biwa- 1I event （260 kaBP）, Biwa- I event （180 kaBP, scarcity due to the disturbance of the iron dish）, Blake event （100 kaBP） and Laschamp event （20 kaBP, didn＇t grow due to the activities of the surface）, etc. Combined with the sequence stratigraphy, layer type characteristics and its sediment environment, the strati- graphic can be divided into 4 stages of development respectively ： Stage [ is the climate period of glacial epoch （200-400 kaBP）; stage 11 is the climate period of interglacial epoch （100-200 kaBP）; stage llI is the climate peri- od of periglacial epoch （10-100 kaBP）; stage IV is the climate period ofpostglacial epoch （0-10 kaBP）.

Fracture of thermal barrier coating with multiple surface cracks and delaminations:Interlayer effect

Multiple surface cracks and interfacial delamination are the major failure mechanisms in film/substrate systems.The effect of interlayer upon the failure mechanisms of interfacial delamination concomitant to surface crack was explored.Finite element model was developed to obtain the stress and energy release rate(ERR),which governs the propagation of interface cracks.The dependences of delamination upon the geometry and constitutive properties of interlayer were examined.The results indicate that the effect of elastic modulus of interlayer on the steady state ERR is insignificant.In cases of different geometrical parameters,however,the steady ERR decreases with the increase of the interlayer thickness.These findings lead to the conclusion that the interlayer constraint has significant effect on the ERR and thus coating life,which can be adopted to modify the ceramic top coat.

Julia Lovell as a Faithful Rewriter in Translating Chinese Literary Text： The Version of A Dictionary of Maqiao as a Case in Point

As a professional translator, Chinese history lecturer and academic writer, Julia Lovell has made a lot of contributions in translating modem Chinese literary works into English. But the field of translation studies has not given due attention to her so far. Based on her own practice and understanding of translation, she presented the notion of faithful recreation as her translation principle. This article sheds light on how she implemented her translation notion in the process of her translation, taking her version of A Dictionary of Maqiao as a case to examine the effectiveness of her work under the guidance of faithful recreation. The discussion mainly focuses on the sound level, the grammatical level, pragmatic level, and original creativity

THRUST NAPPE STRUTRUE IN THE JINGGANG MOUNTAIN: CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR PROSPECTION OF ORE DEPOSITS

Nappe structure, as was first discovered by the authors during the regional geological survey at the scale of 1:50,000 in The Jinggang Mountain, is mainly comprised of a series of NNE-NE-striking thrust fault zones and thrust sheets among them. Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous,Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata are involved in the thrust nappe system. The nappe structure is of the type of duplex structures formed as a result of the earlier stage migration from SE to NW and late stage migration from E to W of sedimentary cover or basement strata. Formation of the nappe structure in the studied area involves two main epochs: Early Yanshanian and Late Yanshanian to Early Himalayan. The mineral deposits and the buried coalfields in the area, especially the latter, are extensively controlled by the nappe structure.

The Formation of Wind Curl in the Marine Atmosphere Boundary Layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in Spring

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio(ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front(ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer(MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.

国际政治中的“文明冲突”范式新解--重读亨廷顿的《文明的冲突？》

美国学者亨廷顿的"文明冲突"论在国际政治学界引起了激烈而持久的争论。中国学者对它的评论大多局限于政策性的评价与立场性的批判。本文认为,"文明冲突"论对于如何看待冷战后全球政治的发展趋势提供了一个全新的视角和理论范式。本文试图从学理上与政治思想上对"文明冲突"范式的理论假设前提、该范式的内涵界定以及文明的未来走向等问题做出客观评析。

A potential stratotype for the regional lowermost stage of the continental Paleocene in China

Phanerozoic chronostratigraphic units can only be defined through their lower boundary stratotypes.The lowermost stage of the Paleocene of China,which mainly consists of terrestrial deposits,can only be defined through its lower boundary stratotype,i.e.the continental Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary stratotype.There is no section yet found which contains continuous terrestrial deposits and biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition in Nanxiong,Guangdong and Jiayin,Heilongjiang,there is no evidence for establishing the continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in either area.Therefore,both the"Shanghuan stage"and"Furaoan stage"are not good candidates for the lowermost stage of the Paleocene of China.From the viewpoint of charophytes,the outcrop section of the Dangyang,Hubei Province(Central China)contains the most continuous,abundant and diverse terrestrial biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition,in particular the early Paleocene,known so far in the world.The biostratigraphic records of ostracods in the transition are also continuous,rich,and diverse.The Dangyang outcrop section is the only section known so far in China that is a possible candidate for a continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in China and the section is the only potential section identified to date for establishing the regional lowermost stage of the Paleocene,Paleogene and Cenozoic in China or stratotype section for the stage.

The comprehensive influence of firm-level factors on drug product internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms

Drug product internationalization（DPI） can be affected by multiple firm-level factors. However, existing studies mainly focus on a single or several factors and the deviation generated by the factors＇ effects on each other has been neglected. We aimed to study the comprehensive influences of firm-level factors on Chinese pharmaceutical firms that chose the DPI mode. Student＇s t tests and Chi Square tests were used to explore the differences between firms with or without DPI modes. Then, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the comprehensive impacts of these 16 variables. Through empirical research, we found the factors influencing the DPI mode of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises and the firm-level factors that influenced DPI mode selection. This study showed that the capacity of enterprise＇s innovation and knowledge absorption were related to the mode selection. Moreover, the education of the top management team significantly contributed to the DPI mode selection of pharmaceutical firms. This study also provided theoretical and empirical evidence for pharmaceutical enterprises when choosing their DPI mode. The internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms remained at the early stage. However, the internationalization of drug products from China would affect the international pharmaceutical supply in the long term.

Effects of Density and Thickness of Interlayer on RT Instability of Interfaces

This work focuses on the characteristics of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability （RTI） of the interfaces formed by two semi-infinitely distributed fluids and one interlayer. In consideration of the coupling effects between the interfaces, the expression of the growth rate is obtained. The result reveals that the instability growth rate depends on the density and thickness of the interlayer. It is found that /f the interlayer thickness is less than 0.6 times of the disturbing wavelength, the coupling effects should be considered.

SPECIAL ISSUE： DIALOGUE, INTERACTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA - SPECIALIST FORUM ON CHINESE, WESTERN AND MARXIST PHILOSOPHIES：Wanted： dialogue at the level of value beliefs among Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies

Dialogue at the level of value beliefs is the underlying dimension of philosophical dialogue, yet at the same time it is the hardest and most problematic. Benign dialogue at the level of value beliefs makes the premise for real open and deep communication and interaction between Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies, as well as significant content of and essential path to understanding of our own existing, configuring philosophy in contemporary China, and generating our national ＂philosophical ego＂ in the context of the life world of the Chinese.