新中式家具的现状及未来发展趋势

中国家具从古代到近代几千年发展过程中,从最初的日常基本需求到明清时期的登峰造极,经历了一次又一次变革。中式家具在经历外来文化的撞击后曾进入一段时间的低迷期,但随着中国经济的飞速发展,中式家具也悄然复苏并且也产生出了符合时代需求的"新中式家具",这既是中国悠久历史文化的传承也是顺应国际潮流。为了能更好地发展中式家具,下面就新中式家具的现状和未来发展的趋势进行探讨。

中式家装设计的现状与展望

中式家装的流行迅速带动了中式家装设计的发展,但快速的发展也带来了许多的问题,本文试图从中式家装流行的时代、文化、使用人群等背景入手,针对性地分析中式家装设计存在的一些深层次问题,并据此展望中式家装设计的未来发展。

Research on the Current Status, Paths and Countermeasures of Family Farm Development in China——Investigation and Analysis of Hubei Province

The Chinese family farm is the most important new micro subject in the construction and development of modern agriculture in China. The investigation and analysis of the actual situation of Hubei Province showed that since the implementation of the household contract management system in rural areas, the family farm has followed the track of gradual development, breakthrough development and normal standardization development. In order to promote the family farm to develop rapidly, orderly and healthily, work must be well done to land circulation, scale management, financial support, financial subsidy, cultivation of leading talents and professional farmers, and providing all-round services.

Three dimensional image-based brachytherapy:evaluating the true impact on treatment outcome

Imaging is now a well established component of radiation therapy with all major imaging modalities represented and numerous examples in which these modalities have been used in treatment planning to allow increased accuracy and precision in the delivery of dose.While these developments are well established since a fairly long time for external beam radiotherapy,they are yet to be firmly established in many brachytherapy units all over the world particularly in the developing countries.We will review the basic principles of image-based brachytherapy and explore the potential clinical opportunities behind this innovative technique.

Factors Influencing the Grazing Management Styles of Settled Herders: a Case Study of Nagqu County, Tibetan Plateau, China

The implementation of pasture contracting policies in the Tibetan Plateau has been of widespread concern in the scientific community and related government departments. Studying the effects of the implementation of pasture contracting policies will help us understand herders' attitudes toward those policies and to amend existing policies effectively.This paper analyzes 135 herder families' grazing management behavior using participatory rural appraisal(PRA), quantitative analysis and a Logistic regression model in three townships of Nagqu County in remote areas of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that the herders have become settled and are no longer nomadic, so the settlement project has basically been completed and the policy of contracting for grazing rights is being gradually implemented in Nagqu County. Since the grazing rights and pastures were under contract, group-based management has been widely accepted in this area, which helps the herders deal with constraints, such as limited pasture area, a small grazing radius, controlled family animal husbandry and an uneven distribution of water. The herders that have more family members available for labor, higher proportion of family members with good health, and higher income from animal husbandry tend to choose household-based management.Herders tend to choose group-based management when higher quality winter pastures are available.

Discussion on geo-park management mode establishment in China

This paper introduces the successful management mode of National Parks in USA and points out that this mode is not fit for Chinese National Geo-park. At the same time, the paper analyzes the problems of the management system of Chinese Scenic Spot, gives empirical analysis taking Zhangjiajie as an example. It points out that the management system of Chinese Scenic Spot leads to a negative impact on the development and utilization of the resources, such as decentralization in investment and blind construction, incongruous tourism development and environmental protection, and the indistinction between the functions of the government and those of enterprises. At last, the paper gives some suggestions on Chinese geo-park management mode establishment on the basis of both the success in American and Chinese situations. These includes management localization, resource protection in marketing, limited development for effective protection, separating enterprises from government and business institutions, avoiding the fragmented and decentralized command.

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development,a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust,has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models.However,the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate.On the one hand,differing from traditional economic developmental models,economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development'.On the other hand,current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development.Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries.Lastly,instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies,it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development'.

Innovative Control Strategy for Islanded Small Hydro Power Plant

In many developing countries, there are regions where the electrical grid is weak or nonexistent. However, in these areas, large amounts of distributed energy sources, such as hydro, are often available and could be suitably exploited. To this aim, the low head hydro power plants can play a significant role. In fact, recent technological advances in mini-hydro turbines and decreasing costs of static electricity conversion devices enable to realize suitable power plants for an efficient and profitable exploitation of these sites. One of the major challenges is the integration of the above-mentioned power plants into autonomous electrical systems, islanded and/or disconnectable from the main distribution network. In this paper, an innovative control strategy for a low head hydro power plant supplying users in small clusters of villages is proposed.

The Time Horizon in the Evaluation of Sustainable Development

Current methods of evaluating long term Sustainable Development seldom take into account the time period over which an evaluation is made except through simplistic economic models which heavily discount the future. If sustainable development is to be a serious issue then the impact on the future of decisions made today must be properly assessed and evaluated. This requires a new understanding of time as a key feature of the Sustainability debate and new models of how this new understanding can be brought into the evaluation process. This was at the heart of the Torino declaration signed by the University organisations of the G8, G20 and developing nations in April 2009. Time is a critical part of the sustainability debate and is seldom addressed directly. This paper will provide a possible solution based on a strong theoretical and philosophical framework of how this difficult subject can be approached and applied to sustainable urban planning. The work presented is based on a philosophical model of the cosmos which has both internal and external credibility. It forms the basis ofa PhD study and has been applied to small case studies in Italy and elsewhere. These will be presented to encourage further study into this important area within the evaluation and assessment of sustainable development.

Share-Shift Analysis of Geo-Economic Pattern on Global Cereal Crops in Recent 50 Years

In recent 50 years, with the rapid development of international food trade, the geoeconomic pattern of cereal crops has changed tremendously which produced a significant impact on global food security. This paper attempted to analysis the production pattern and trade pattern of global cereals, especially three main crops of wheat, maize and rice by using the method of share-shift. Given the fact of almost every economic phenomenon is driven by their economic return behind them, this paper attempted to a further step into their economic pattern by examining their net trade flow. The results showed that from the view of production and trade, the geographic pattern of global cereals has changed greatly which can be described as developing countries has replaced developed countries and become the world's biggest cereals production and trading area. But when moving to the net trade flow, it turns out to be another story that can depicted as the regional fixation features of economic returns which can be convinced from the labor division of global cereals trade, among which developed countries acts as net trade profit area while developing countries as net trade output area, and their gap between net export and net import has been widening from the view of evolution trend. So what we learn from the evolution of geoeconomic pattern on this topic is that our place in global cereals trade system, and therefore alert us to concern not only on the pattern transition but also the economic meaning behind it, only by doing so can we learn to plan our food future more wisely and effectively.

Status quo and future prospects of our home care model

This article discusses China＇ s current situation of the aging, and China＇ s aging characteristics, and proposes new pension measures for urban and rural old-age pension model combining with the development of China＇ s economic and social situation, besides, it analyzed the city＇ s common two kinds of pension patterns, proposed a new family patterns of rural old-age pension model, and finally brought a new model of community care.

探索现代家具设计发展趋势

现代家具设计在当下对于家具企业和消费者来说都具有重要的意义,现代家具设计的趋势有四个方面的内容:一是其设计总体理念是以人为本;二是其设计的永久法宝是不断创新;三是其设计将必备产品定位、风格定位、功能及人机比例四要素;四是家具材料和情感的有机结合。

A New Theory About Teaching Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the nature and viability of teaching philosophy establishing their impact on the construction of philosophy in developing countries such as Peru. This article is inserted in the context of the need to rethink the missed philosophy marked by Badiou who proposes two ideas and binding areas： Philosophy is a reflection on all that is in the infinite universe, including humans; and, being the reflection （thinking） an innate characteristic of the human being, then, in some way, we are philosophers. It follows two thoughts that philosophy is not taught or learned but is assumed in the measure of their level of education and knowledge. In such conditions, it is not the teaching of philosophy that which has to build philosophy or form ＂philosophers,＂ but is education. It is established, therefore, that between the philosophy and the education, there is a direct relationship in the sense that the first is based on the second and a good education is a prerequisite for the development of philosophy in a society condition. For this important reason, developing countries still do not have adequate conditions for sustained construction of philosophy because they have educational models that prevent it from radiating a good education to society. Being a good carrier of a good education philosophy, a poorly educated person has limitations to acquire of philosophical thinking. Therefore, these reasons are that in these countries, the teaching philosophy has proved to be unsuccessful. Being poor education in underdeveloped societies, where language skills and science are below international standards, it is easy to deduce that such societies are facing philosophy and devoid of conditions to form part of their cultures. Our hypothesis is that philosophy in a society cannot be built on the basis of the teaching of philosophy, but on the basis of a good education. The fact that in underdeveloped societies, as is the case of Peru, there is no philosophy in terms of what it means in modern times, is not because there is no teaching of philosophy but because there is archaic educational models. In these countries, the education model is anti-philosophical. Our approach is based on the education system prevalent in underdeveloped countries such as Peru, which is not feasible ＂teaching philosophy＂ to steadily build philosophy as part of national cultures, and instead it is necessary for the design and implementation of new models of education.

China＇s National Income Distribution in the New Normal：Characteristics,Contradictions and Reforms

This paper discusses the evolution and characteristics of China's national income distribution structure after the dawn of the new century and particularly in China's new normal of social and economic development. This paper casts light on the profound national income distribution and redistribution effects of changing ownership and economic reforms, as well as the microscopic household income distribution effects of changes in macroscopic distribution structure. Based on an analysis of changes in macroscopic distribution pattern, this paper explains the structural contradictions of national income distribution in China and their effects on China's economy, providing a theoretical analysis of income distribution for deepening supply-side structural reform.

Investigations of the endowment patterns inside home in Chinese urban community

China is the only one country in the world with more than one hundred million people who aged over 60. With the dramatically increasing of population aging speed, the traditional endowment pattern with the element of family model has a weakening trend and does not satisfy the demand of urban elderly diversified and multi-level pension. Thus, pensions that occupy at home are becoming the best choice of the urban pension mode in China. The paper will describe the meaning, situation and prospects of the home endowment and demonstrate the significance of developing the home endowment project in China. Additionally, the paper will discuss the future endowment model from the aspects of the government organization, scientific planning and functional shifts.

Music Education Advances Through Sino-Foreign Exchanges

MUSIC education in China and the West may differ in approach, but when combined are complementary in outcome. China＇s music programs excels in training young artists under 18, while the Western focus is on musicians no younger than 18. This explains why so many outstanding Chinese musicians study at, and are welcomed by, Western schools after receiving their initial training in China.

探讨中国传统文化室内设计的融合呈现

现代室内空间里各种造型、装饰、陈设等无一不表现着人们对美好生活的追求和愿望。不同的时代,人们对设计有着不同的追求,反映着不同的价值和审美室内设计观念,体现出当时的文化风貌。这些不同风格的现代室内设计以科学技术为依托、文化艺术为内涵,它的发展往往反映了一个民族的文化精神。这些文化元素植根于人们的意识中,经历史沉淀,不可回避地显现在人们的生活中。中国传统文化中整体的、辩证的、因果循环的思维方式,强调事物各方面辩证统一和互间的联系,其思维过程重综合、重归纳。

Chinese Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa： Can the Beijing Consensus be Explained Under World-Systems Analysis？

The purpose of this paper is to： （1） explain what the historical origins of the world-systems concept are; （2） present the background for building the Washington Consensus; （3） attempt to answer if the Beijing Consensus can be interpreted as an alternative to the Washington Consensus; （4） attempt to answer if the world- systems concept is applicable to the current engagement of China in Africa. The world-systems concept provides a useful framework for research in international relations, thanks to both its methodological and theoretical assumptions. As it urges for treating social sciences as an interconnected system, i.e. it believes there is a link between sociology, economics, anthropology and the political sciences, it enables studying the reality of current international relations. Chinese presence in Sub- Saharan Africa should be seen from different points of view, as it affects most spheres of the state： it influences the economics and societies of the African countries （e.g. employment, migration, environment）, as well as politics （e.g. elections in Zambia in 2011 BBC http：//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa- 14952240, 2011）. Thus, the multi-dimensional analysis provided by the worldsystems theory, though not free of drawbacks （e.g. lack of a detailed analysis of each variable）, allows a comprehensive and holistic look at the issue of Chinese engagement in Africa. In terms of theoretical assumptions, its focus on system as a whole （which can be both studied at domestic and international levels） provides a basis for conducting studies at a regional level, treating Sub-Saharan Africa as the study＇s object. The classic world-systems concept defines world economy as driven by the cores＇ domination on the peripheries （described also as North-South division）. Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa fit into the scheme of world-systems analysis as the peripheries, but China cannot be treated as a core state： it is a semiperiphery, as described by Wallerstein, and representative of Global South. China＇s policy towards Sub-Saharan African countries has a distinct geo-economic pattern--a pattem of South-South cooperation. China＇s relations with Sub-Saharan Africa are （at least on the rhetoric sphere） built on ＇mutual benefit＇, ＇win-win cooperation＇, and similar historical experience, though the partners are not on a similar level of economic development. The growing presence of China in Africa is, therefore, a challenge to traditional assumptions of world-systems analysis and should be further researched. The aim of this article is to answer whether the world- systems theory can be reinterpreted to serve as the framework for conducting research on Chinese engagement in the Global South, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries. The Washington Consensus regarded as the general shift from Keynesianism to neoliberal economic policies （i.e. in the broader sense than that given by Williamson in 1989） fits into the dialectic of world-systems analysis. The Washington Consensus principles provide a framework through which the core countries carry out their policies towards the peripheries. However, not only numerous scholars （Broad and Cavanagh World Policy Journal 16：79, 1999; Wal- lerstein Shall We Discuss Poverty？, 2010; Rodrik Journal of Economic Literature XLIV：973, 2006） but also politicians （As the former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown Washington Post 2009） declared the death of the Washington Consensus. It became even more apparent after the latest financial crisis. Joshua Ramo coined the term ＂the Beijing Consensus＂ to describe the Chinese model of cooperation, different from the Western. Is this distinction based on a reliable foundation？ Is the Beijing Consensus an alternative to the Washington Consensus？ Can the current unprecedented presence of China in Sub-Saharan Africa （as well as in other regions of the Global South） be seen as a part of the world-systems concept？ Should the China-Africa relationship be the new direction of research in the world-systems concept？

Guidelines on common cold for Traditional Chinese Medicine based on pattern differentiation

OBJECTIVE: To establish the guidelines on common cold treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in terms of pattern identification. METHODS: The guidelines were formulated by using the basic patterns of common cold in ChinaPharmacopeia integrated with findings from systematic literature review and the experts' consensus on the issue in question. RESULTS: Common cold was divided into four patterns in the guidelines. The medications were recommended respectively: Ganmaoqingre granule for wind-cold exterior syndrome,Yinqiaojiedu granule for wind-heat exterior syndrome, Huoxiangzhengqi Wan for summer-heat dampness exterior syndrome and Shensu Wan for wind-cold exterior syndrome accompanied with Qi deficiency. CONCLUSION: The guidelines were primarily derived from the practice experience of TCM and the experts' consensus. The process was not strictly evidence-based because of lacking enough clinical studies. Further refinement of the guidelines should be needed as more studies are available.

Modeling the impacts of policy interventions from REDD+ in Southeast Asia: A case study in Indonesia

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD+) and enhancing "removals of greenhouse gas emissions by forests" in developing countries through positive incentives is regarded as an essential component of the post-2012 climate regime for stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and an important way of engaging developing countries in global mitigation efforts. We aimed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of REDD+ by integrating it into a land use option framework. One of our goals was to develop scenarios for evaluating the impacts of land use changes on carbon and environmental processes. In addition, we aimed to quantify the potential economic benefits to society of compensated reductions and to identify hotspots for applying REDD+. Three land use change scenarios were examined:(I) business as usual(BAU),(II) economic development, and(III) REDD+. A case study in Indonesia was examined using these land use scenarios and policy interventions, evaluating their effects on carbon emissions, socioeconomics, and environmental features of a spatial system using land use models. Significant emissions and water erosion reductions were predicted to be achieved under the REDD+ scenario, due to reduced deforestation of <6% over the next decade; >0.14 Mt CO2 e reduction was predicted relative to the BAU scenario. Furthermore, the spatial land use model indicated that REDD+ payments of forest carbon credits in the compliance market would play a key role in compensating rural communities and plantation companies for their opportunity cost in ending deforestation. This study provides an example of integrating land use modeling with a scenario analysis framework to evaluate plausible future forecasts and to evaluate the potential impacts of REDD+.