利用IGRA2探空数据和COSMIC掩星资料对FY-3C掩星中性大气产品进行质量分析

根据IGRA2无线电探空数据和气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)掩星资料,对2015—2017年包含折射率、温度和比湿廓线在内的FY-3C掩星中性大气产品进行质量分析。结果表明:FY-3C掩星折射率廓线25 km以下整体无系统偏差,相对偏差标准差≤5%;温度廓线存在系统负偏差,标准差≥1.5 K;比湿廓线越趋地表质量越低,5 km下标准差≤1.2 g/kg。总体而言,FY-3C掩星数据质量较好,在2015—2017年间逐年提高,但在近地面和25km以上有待进一步提高。对2017年产品的进一步分析表明:就季节而言,折射率廓线和温度廓线质量均在冬季最差,比湿廓线质量在夏季最差;就纬度带而言,折射率廓线在低纬度带质量最差,温度廓线质量的分纬度带比较结果在不同高度范围存在差异,比湿廓线在低纬度带质量明显低于中高纬度带;此外,FY-3C掩星大气产品数据质量随昼夜和海陆变化也存在一定差异。

Stability analysis of intermediate product dynamic price in two-level supply chain

In two cases that upstream and downstream firms have the decision power of intermediate product prices in a two-level supply chain,the dynamic pricing mechanism of intermediate products is studied.When a party who has the decision power of pricing gives prices of intermediate products,the other side will give the supply or demand quantity of intermediate products which maximizes its own profits,then the party who decides price has two pricing strategies.One uses the matching price which meets the other party's demand or supply needs according to the prices of intermediate products in the next cycle.The other uses the convex combinations of the current price and the matching price which satisfies the other party's demand or supply as the price of the intermediate product in the next cycle.No matter which side has the decision power of intermediate product prices between upstream and downstream firms,results show that in the first pricing strategy,only in one case of the pricing of intermediate products stable;but in the second pricing strategy,both of the cases of pricing of intermediate products are stable in a certain field of combined parameters.

The Result Analysis of Hybrid Middle-season Rice Variety Display

A comprehensive appraisal is performed on the newly bred of 28 hybrid middle-season rice combinations, with Yangliangyou 6 as a control, a total of 29 combinations, in terms of high and stable yield, adaptability and disease resistance. Two-line hybrid combinations have a total of 24, accounting for 82.76% of the exhibition, but there were only 5 three-line hybrid combinations have accounting for 17.24% of the exhibition. There are 13 high-quality two-line cross combinations, representing 54.17% of the two-line hybrid combinations. In the 8 hybrid combinations, whose yield per unit area is more than that of the control, 7 are two-line hybrid combinations, and the last one is the three-line hybrid combination. There are 15 two-line hybrid combinations with whole growth period 10 d shorter than Yangliangyou 6.

Entrepreneurial Orientation,Knowledge creation process and New Product Development Performance

This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.

How to Determine the Upgrading Opportunities for Industries： Theory, Method and Policy

Industrial upgrading and transformation is important for China to transform its way of development. To accomplish this task effectively, we need to identify industries with potential comparative advantage. Using the latest data on international trade of products, this paper verifies the premise of heterogeneity of product space of the evolutionary theory of comparative advantage, and analyses the evolution of product space of China and most countries in the world. The paper makes predictions on China ＂s industries with potential comparative advantage in near terms using the product space theory, and carries out thorough discussion on the evolutionary track of industries under different proximity thresholds. The basic conclusion is that even as China＇s number of industries with comparative advantage is larger than the global average, its industrial upgrading capacity is limited, as it has fewer industries with potential comparative advantage and lower sustainability in the current sectors than the world average. China faces a dilemma in the process of industrial upgrading, as a rapid upgrading would cause a shock to current economic growth, and a slow one would not maintain sustainable growth. With limited industrial upgrading capacity, the best structure adjustment and upgrading strategy is to give full play to the advantage of China＇s industrial diversification and combination to achieve an inclusive upgrading.

Application of synoptic-scale anomalous winds predicted by medium-range weather forecast models on the regional heavy rainfall in China in 2010

Atmospheric winds from observations and medium-range weather forecast model predictions can be physically decomposed as daily climate wind,planetary-scale anomalous wind,and synoptic-scale anomalous wind.The 850 hPa synoptic-scale anomalous winds were extracted from the numerical model outputs of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) and the NCEP Global Forecast System(GFS).The results showed that most rain bands in eastern China in 2010 were located along the anomalous convergence lines.To predict the major rain bands by these convergence lines in 2010,the accuracies of the ECMWF products were 100%,85%,and 15% for leading 3,6,and 9 days,while the GFS products showed 53%,15%,and 6% accuracies,respectively.In comparison of the regional heavy rainfalls between observation and the ECMWF model prediction,the useful leading information was about 3.1 days for direct model rain prediction and 6.7 days for convergence systems predicted by ECMWF model.