Objective To identify the possible association between C（-106）T polymorphism of the aldose reductase （ALR） gene and diabetic retinopathy （DR） in a cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM...Objective To identify the possible association between C（-106）T polymorphism of the aldose reductase （ALR） gene and diabetic retinopathy （DR） in a cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods From November 2009 to September 2010, patients with T2DM were recruited and assigned to DR group or diabetic without retinopathy （DWR） group according to the duration of diabetes and the grading of 7-field fundus color photographs of both eyes. Genotypes of the C（-106）T polymorphism （rs759853） in ALR gene were analyzed using the MassARRAY genotyping system and an association study was performed. Results A total of 268 T2DM patients （129 in the DR group and 139 in the DWR group） were included in this study. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the age of diabetes onset （P=0.10） and gender （P=0.78）. The success rate of genotyping for the study subjects was 99.6% （267/268）, with one case of failure in the DR group. The frequencies of the T allele in the C（-106）T polymorphism were 16.0% （41/256） in the DR group and 19.4% （54/278） in the DWR group （P=0.36）. There was no signit^cant difference in the C（-106）T genotypes between the 2 groups （P=0.40）. Compared with the wild-type genotype, odds ratio （OR） for the risk of DR was 0.7 （95% CI, 0.38-1.3） for the heterozygous CT genotype and 0.76 （95% CI, 0.18-3.25） for the homozygous TT genotype. The risk of DR was positively associated with microalbuminuria （OR=4.61; 95% CI, 2.34-9.05） and insulin therapy （OR=3.43; 95% CI, 1.94-6.09）. Conclusions Microalbuminuria and insulin therapy are associated with the risk of DR in Chinese patients with T2DM. C（-106）T polymorphism of the ALR gene may not be significantly associated with DR in Chinese patients with T2DM.展开更多
Arid soils where water and nutrients are scarce occupy over 30% of the Earth's total surface. However, the microbial autotrophy in the harsh environments remains largely unexplored. In this study, the abundance an...Arid soils where water and nutrients are scarce occupy over 30% of the Earth's total surface. However, the microbial autotrophy in the harsh environments remains largely unexplored. In this study, the abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria were investigated, by quantifying and profiling the large subunit genes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Ru Bis CO) form I(cbb L) responsible for CO2 fixation, in the arid soils under three typical plant types(Haloxylon ammodendron, Cleistogenes chinensis,and Reaumuria soongorica) in Northwest China. The bacterial communities in the soils were also characterized using the 16 S r RNA gene. Abundance of red-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 3.94 × 105 to 1.51 × 106 copies g-1dry soil and those of green-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.15 × 106 to 2.08 × 106 copies g-1dry soil. Abundance of both red- and green-like autotrophic bacteria did not significantly differ among the soils under different plant types. The autotrophic bacteria identified with the cbb L gene primer were mainly affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and an uncultured bacterial group, which were not detected in the 16 S r RNA library. In addition, 25.9% and 8.1% of the 16 S r RNA genes were affiliated with Cyanobacteria in the soils under H. ammodendron and R. soongorica, respectively. However, no Cyanobacteria-affiliated cbb L genes were detected in the same soils. The results suggested that microbial autotrophic CO2 fixation might be significant in the carbon cycling of arid soils, which warrants further exploration.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2007CB512201)the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau Grant(2009208)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7131007)
文摘Objective To identify the possible association between C（-106）T polymorphism of the aldose reductase （ALR） gene and diabetic retinopathy （DR） in a cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods From November 2009 to September 2010, patients with T2DM were recruited and assigned to DR group or diabetic without retinopathy （DWR） group according to the duration of diabetes and the grading of 7-field fundus color photographs of both eyes. Genotypes of the C（-106）T polymorphism （rs759853） in ALR gene were analyzed using the MassARRAY genotyping system and an association study was performed. Results A total of 268 T2DM patients （129 in the DR group and 139 in the DWR group） were included in this study. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the age of diabetes onset （P=0.10） and gender （P=0.78）. The success rate of genotyping for the study subjects was 99.6% （267/268）, with one case of failure in the DR group. The frequencies of the T allele in the C（-106）T polymorphism were 16.0% （41/256） in the DR group and 19.4% （54/278） in the DWR group （P=0.36）. There was no signit^cant difference in the C（-106）T genotypes between the 2 groups （P=0.40）. Compared with the wild-type genotype, odds ratio （OR） for the risk of DR was 0.7 （95% CI, 0.38-1.3） for the heterozygous CT genotype and 0.76 （95% CI, 0.18-3.25） for the homozygous TT genotype. The risk of DR was positively associated with microalbuminuria （OR=4.61; 95% CI, 2.34-9.05） and insulin therapy （OR=3.43; 95% CI, 1.94-6.09）. Conclusions Microalbuminuria and insulin therapy are associated with the risk of DR in Chinese patients with T2DM. C（-106）T polymorphism of the ALR gene may not be significantly associated with DR in Chinese patients with T2DM.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2009-CB825103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40901119)
文摘Arid soils where water and nutrients are scarce occupy over 30% of the Earth's total surface. However, the microbial autotrophy in the harsh environments remains largely unexplored. In this study, the abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria were investigated, by quantifying and profiling the large subunit genes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Ru Bis CO) form I(cbb L) responsible for CO2 fixation, in the arid soils under three typical plant types(Haloxylon ammodendron, Cleistogenes chinensis,and Reaumuria soongorica) in Northwest China. The bacterial communities in the soils were also characterized using the 16 S r RNA gene. Abundance of red-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 3.94 × 105 to 1.51 × 106 copies g-1dry soil and those of green-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.15 × 106 to 2.08 × 106 copies g-1dry soil. Abundance of both red- and green-like autotrophic bacteria did not significantly differ among the soils under different plant types. The autotrophic bacteria identified with the cbb L gene primer were mainly affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and an uncultured bacterial group, which were not detected in the 16 S r RNA library. In addition, 25.9% and 8.1% of the 16 S r RNA genes were affiliated with Cyanobacteria in the soils under H. ammodendron and R. soongorica, respectively. However, no Cyanobacteria-affiliated cbb L genes were detected in the same soils. The results suggested that microbial autotrophic CO2 fixation might be significant in the carbon cycling of arid soils, which warrants further exploration.
