It is shown that R&D activity has high concentricity in distribution.This paper deals with the measure of the concentricity.Some measuring indicators and method have been presented, which are very usefull in calcu...It is shown that R&D activity has high concentricity in distribution.This paper deals with the measure of the concentricity.Some measuring indicators and method have been presented, which are very usefull in calculating Lorenz curve, GINI index and other measuring indicators according to the logarithm mean square of distribution of S&T activity σ=D ln ξ. Finally,some examples are used to illustrate the applications and the validity of new method of the paper.It is shown that science and technology indicators reflecting system scale obey the lognormal distribution so that the results of this paper have practical values.展开更多
科学价值中性(Value neutrality of science)问题,是一个具有理论意义和实践意义的研究课题,早就受到海外学术界的关注与探讨。有人认为,科学价值中性指科学活动在道德方面和社会方面是不受价值约束的(Value-free)。科学寻求自然规律,...科学价值中性(Value neutrality of science)问题,是一个具有理论意义和实践意义的研究课题,早就受到海外学术界的关注与探讨。有人认为,科学价值中性指科学活动在道德方面和社会方面是不受价值约束的(Value-free)。科学寻求自然规律,这些规律不管其发现者的国籍、种族、宗教或阶级地位,都是可靠的。虽然科学由于一系列的、对从未得到的客观真理的逼近而进展,但科学定律和事实具有不可改变的质。无论谁作测量光速的实验,光速都是相同的。正因为情况如此,虽然社会对科学的运用可以有善恶,但科学家只是一个标准的公民,并不对这些使用负有责任。展开更多
文摘It is shown that R&D activity has high concentricity in distribution.This paper deals with the measure of the concentricity.Some measuring indicators and method have been presented, which are very usefull in calculating Lorenz curve, GINI index and other measuring indicators according to the logarithm mean square of distribution of S&T activity σ=D ln ξ. Finally,some examples are used to illustrate the applications and the validity of new method of the paper.It is shown that science and technology indicators reflecting system scale obey the lognormal distribution so that the results of this paper have practical values.
文摘科学价值中性(Value neutrality of science)问题,是一个具有理论意义和实践意义的研究课题,早就受到海外学术界的关注与探讨。有人认为,科学价值中性指科学活动在道德方面和社会方面是不受价值约束的(Value-free)。科学寻求自然规律,这些规律不管其发现者的国籍、种族、宗教或阶级地位,都是可靠的。虽然科学由于一系列的、对从未得到的客观真理的逼近而进展,但科学定律和事实具有不可改变的质。无论谁作测量光速的实验,光速都是相同的。正因为情况如此,虽然社会对科学的运用可以有善恶,但科学家只是一个标准的公民,并不对这些使用负有责任。