以权威数据库Web of Science、InCites及日本官方统计数据为依据,基于论文相关指标,将科研竞争力细化为“五力”,即科研的生产力、影响力、创新力、发展力及合作力,系统探讨21世纪以来日本科研竞争力的变化可以发现:自21世纪以来,日本...以权威数据库Web of Science、InCites及日本官方统计数据为依据,基于论文相关指标,将科研竞争力细化为“五力”,即科研的生产力、影响力、创新力、发展力及合作力,系统探讨21世纪以来日本科研竞争力的变化可以发现:自21世纪以来,日本科研进步速度放缓,相较于中国、美国等国家,日本科研“五力”发展势头更是趋弱。但也要看到,日本科研竞争力提升滞缓,从某种意义上来说是基于国际比较以及与其20世纪80—90年代科研高速发展比较的结果,发展的减速也并非停止,日本在今后一定时期内仍是科研强国。展开更多
The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensi...The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensity of competition that SMEs are exposed to along the life-cycle portfolio in Nigeria; （2） quantifying the strength of SMEs vis-a-vis some foreign enterprises in terms of market competition; and （3） proffering solutions on how best they could match competitively these foreign enterprises. Relevant models and theories were employed in literature to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used in terms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing SMEs. Two hypotheses were investigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based SMEs using Cluster sampling, 5-points Likert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard＇s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used. Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach＇s alpha of 0.70. Pearson＇s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing SMEs with forms of competition on a firm＇s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components for the enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm＇s life-cycle, strategies to support operations for survival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of SMEs have to monitor and manage competition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.展开更多
文摘以权威数据库Web of Science、InCites及日本官方统计数据为依据,基于论文相关指标,将科研竞争力细化为“五力”,即科研的生产力、影响力、创新力、发展力及合作力,系统探讨21世纪以来日本科研竞争力的变化可以发现:自21世纪以来,日本科研进步速度放缓,相较于中国、美国等国家,日本科研“五力”发展势头更是趋弱。但也要看到,日本科研竞争力提升滞缓,从某种意义上来说是基于国际比较以及与其20世纪80—90年代科研高速发展比较的结果,发展的减速也并非停止,日本在今后一定时期内仍是科研强国。
文摘The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensity of competition that SMEs are exposed to along the life-cycle portfolio in Nigeria; （2） quantifying the strength of SMEs vis-a-vis some foreign enterprises in terms of market competition; and （3） proffering solutions on how best they could match competitively these foreign enterprises. Relevant models and theories were employed in literature to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used in terms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing SMEs. Two hypotheses were investigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based SMEs using Cluster sampling, 5-points Likert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard＇s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used. Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach＇s alpha of 0.70. Pearson＇s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing SMEs with forms of competition on a firm＇s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components for the enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm＇s life-cycle, strategies to support operations for survival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of SMEs have to monitor and manage competition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.
