微生物来源的中枢神经系统受体拮抗剂或激动剂的研究——活性菌株的筛选

本文以体外受体结合试验为生物评选方法 ,以中枢神经系统 8种受体 (5 - HT1 ,5 - HT2 ,5 - HT3,D1 ,BDZ,β,GABA,Glu)为评价指标 ,对 15株真菌和 12株放线菌在 9种不同培养基条件下的代谢产物进行评选 ,并结合薄层层析得到 A1 、B1 、B3、C1 1 号 4株阳性菌株 ,它们的代谢产物分别对 5 - HT1 ;5 - HT1 、5 - HT2 、D1 ;5 - HT3;5 -HT1 、D1 和β受体有不同程度的抑制作用。

The role and the mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid during central nervous system development

γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. During CNS development, the role of GABA is switched from an excitatory transmitter to an inhibitory transmitter, which is caused by an inhibition of calcium influx into postsynaptic neuron derived from release of GABA. The switch is influenced by the neuronal chloride concentration. When the neuronal chloride concentration is at a high level, GABA acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter. When neuronal chloride concentration decreases to some degree, GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na^＋-K^＋-Cl^-Cl^- cotransporters 1 （NKCC 1）, and decreased by K^＋-Cl^- cotransporter 2 （KCC2）.

Central nervous system complications in renal transplant recipients: Report of 68 cases

Objective: To observe the central nervous system (CNS) complications among 1083 consecutive renal transplant (RT) recipients. Methods: Systemic analyses of the incidence, time of onset and clinical outcome of CNS complications were conducted in 1083 patients receiving cadaveric RT in Nanfang Hospital during Jan 1992 to Dec 1999. Results: Various CNS complications occurred in a total of 68 RT recipients (6. 28%, 68/1083) with a mortality of (1.29%, 14/1083). Of all the 1 083 recipients enrolled in this study,diffuse encephalopathy occurred in 31 cases (2.86%), cerebrovascular accidents in 17 (1.56%), seizure in 11 (1.02%) and CNS infection in 9 (0. 83%). Immusuppressive agents was the major cause for diffuse encephalopathy (93.5 %, 29/31), and cerebrovascular accidents were associated with a mortality rate of 70. 5%(12/17) and CNS infection with a mortality rate of 22. 22% (2/9). Most of the complications took place within the first month after RT, especially the first 2 weeks, but the majority of CNS infection occurred 1 year after RT. Conclusion: About 6% of renal transplant recipients develop CNS complications that result in a mortality of 1. 29%, which require early diagnosis and vigorous treatment. Diffuse encephalopathy and cerebrovascular accidents are the two most common CNS complications, and immunosuppressive agents play a important role in the occurrence of encephalopathy. Most of the CNS complications occurred early after RT, but CNS infections may occur rather late, and cerebrovascular accidents and CNS infection are the two major causes of death.

Sixteen Years of Trastuzumab Use： Complete Response in Lung, Bone, and CNS Metastasis from Breast Cancer

Although metastatic breast cancer is considered as an incurable disease, various biological drivers influence the outcomes. The use of trastuzumab in patients overexpressing HER（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2）-2 increases long-term survival even in those patients who developed brain metastasis. Nevertheless, special attention must be paid to the risk of cardiotoxicity. We report the case of a young woman with HER-2-positive breast cancer with bone and lung disease who developed brain metastasis during treatment with trastuzumab. The treatment has been continued and she is alive and in complete remission after 16 years.

Leptin in normal physiology and leptin resistance

Since the discovery of leptin as an adipokine in 1994, much progress has been made in the research about leptin. Circulating leptin binds to leptin receptor, activates STAT3-dependent and STAT3-independent signaling pathways, and plays an effective role in energy home- ostasis, neuroendocrine function and metabolism mainly through acting on the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance is considered as a key risk factor for obesity. Various mechanisms have been formu- lated in order to explain leptin resistance, including impairment in leptin transport, attenuation in leptin sig- naling, ER stress, inflammation and deficiency in autop- hagy. Here, we review our current knowledge about leptin action, leptin signaling and leptin resistance, hoping to provide new ideas for the battle against obesity.

Regulatory effect of mild moxibustion on P2X3 receptors in spinal cord,anterior cingulate cortex and thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus of rats with IBS visceral hyperalgesia

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of mild moxibustion on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)visceral hyperalgesia model rats and its regulatory effect on P2X3 receptors in the spinal cord,anterior cingutate cortex(ACC)and thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus(VPL).Methods Thirty 8-day-old newborn rats were randomly divided into a normal group(n=6)and a modeling group(n=24)according to the completely random number table method.Rats in the normal group were bred routinely,and those in the modeling group were subjected to preparing IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia model using colorectal distention(CRD)in stimulation method.Rats successfully modelled were re-divided into a model group,a mild moxibustion group,a P2X3 receptor antagonist group,and a normal saline group according to the completely random number table method with 6 rats in each group.Rats in each group received corresponding interventions from the 37-day old,once a day for 7 consecutive days.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays were used to detect P2X3 protein expressions in the spinal cord,ACC and VPL of rats.Results Under different intensities of CRD stimulation,the abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)scores of the model group were significantly increased versus the normal group(all P<0.05);the AWR scores of the mild moxibustion group and the P2X3 receptor antagonist group were significantly reduced versus the model group(all P<0.01).The P2X3 protein expressions in rat spinal cord,ACC and VPL tissues of the model group were significantly increased versus the normal group(all P<0.01);the P2X3 protein expressions in rat spinal cord,ACC and VPL tissues of the mild moxibustion group and the P2X3 receptor antagonist group were significantly reduced versus the model group(all P<0.01).Conclusion Mild moxibustion can inhibit the P2X3 receptor expressions in the spinal cord,ACC,and VPL tissues of IBS visceral hyperalgesia model rats,which may be the mechanism of mild moxibustion in relieving the central sensitization of rats with IBS visceral hyperalgesia.