醋凉粉中毒病因及中毒菌污染途径的研究

本研究从可疑中毒样品四份,环境样品七份中分离出产毒细菌三株。经与酵米面中毒菌CO14和国外椰毒假单孢菌进行对比实验,表明本次醋凉粉食物中毒是由椰毒假单孢菌酵米面亚种所致。由环境分离出的两株可疑菌经鉴定与醋凉粉中毒菌完全一致,说明本次中毒的污染途径是中毒者自家院中小棚顶上土和醋缸底下土中存有该种产毒菌。由于醋糟未及时加工,在存放过程中被该菌污染并产生外毒素,造成醋凉粉中毒。其预防措施应教育群众醋糟要及时加工,不得存放;并清除环境中存在的该种产毒菌。

Screening of Chinese Herbal Medicines Resistant to Chicken Escherichia coli and Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

[Objective] This study aimed to screen Chinese herbal medicines resistant to Chicken Escherichia coli and infectious laryngotracheitis virus. [Methed] Conven- tional punch method, test tube method and plate dilution method were adopted for in vitro susceptibility test of chicken E, coil strains O5 and O8 using 13 kinds of Chi- nese herbal medicines including Sanguisorba officinalis, Coptis chinensis, Anemar- rhena asphodeloides, Strobilanthes cusia, Agastache rugosa, etc.; chicken embryo inoculation experiment was adopted to screen Chinese herbal medicines resistant to chicken infectious laryngotracheitis virus. [Result] Sanguisorba officinalis, Fructus mume, Rheum officinale, Coptis chinensis, Herba Taraxaci, Anemarrhena asphode- Ioides, Scutellaria baicalensis and Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi had ideal antibacterial effect against chicken E. coil strain O5; Sanguisorba officinalis, Fructus mume, Rheum officinale, Coptis chinensis, Herba taraxaci and Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi had ideal antibacterial effect against chicken E. coil strain 08; other Chinese herbal medicines showed relatively poor or no antibacterial effect. Results of chicken embryo inoculation experiment showed that nine kinds of Chinese herbal medicines showed relatively strong anti-lLTV effect, including Forsythia suspensa, Radix Isatidis, Fofium isatidis, Flos Ionicerae, Radix codonopsis, Radix astragali, Atractylodes, Radix gly- cyrrhizae, and Pericarpium granati. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for fur- ther development of Chinese herbal compound preparations to treat chicken cofibacil- Iosis, infectious laryngotracheitis and other bacterial, viral diseases.

Black esophagus with concomitant candidiasis developed after diabetic ketoacidosis

Black esophagus is a very rare disease and its pathogenesis has been unclear.Black esophagus developed concomitantly with candidiasis after diabetic ketoacidosis has not been reported yet.We report a case who developed esophageal stricture after the treatment of black esophagus and thus balloon dilatation was performed several times but failed,hence,surgical treatment was performed.

Preparation of immunomagnetic iron-dextran nanopartides and application in rapid isolation of E.coli O157:H7 from foods

AIM: To prepare a kind of magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides that was coated with anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgG, analyze its application conditions, and try to use it to isolate E.coli O157:H7 from foods. METHODS: Magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides were prepared by the reaction of a mixture of ferric and ferrous ions with dextran polymers under alkaline conditions. The particles were coated with antiserum against E.coli O157: H7 by the periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction procedure. The oxidation time, amount of antibody coating the particles, amount of nanoparticles, incubation time and isolation time were varied to determine their effects on recovery of the organisms. Finally, the optimum conditions for isolating E.coli O157:H7 from food samples were established. RESULTS: E.coli O157:H7 can be isolated from samples within 15 min with the sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL or even less. In the presence of 108 CFU/mL of other organisms, the sensitivity is 101-102 CFU/mL. Nonspecific binding of other bacteria to the particles was not observed. Two and a half hours of enrichment is enough for the particles to detect the target from the food samples inoculated with 1 CFU/g. CONCLUSION: Isolation of target bacteria by immuno magnetic nanoparticles is an efficient method with high sensitivity and specificity. The technique is so simple that it can be operated in lab and field even by untrained personnel.

Epidemiological and pathogenic study on the outbreak of toxic shock syndrome and meningocephalitis caused by swine streptococcus

Objective: To reveal the relationship between the biological characteristics of pathogen and the pig to human spread of the epidemic and infectious disease in 1998 in East China. Methods: Epidemiological survey, pathological examination of pigs and patients, and pathogen isolation were performed. Results: The disease had a character of quick onset, serious symptoms, short course and high mortality. The clinical manifestations and pathological changes of the disease were high fever, sometimes with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, then might develop to myositis, fascitis, DIC, multiple organ failure, shock and usually died in 2 3 d. Among 25 patients, 16 manifested clinically as streptococcal toxic shock syndromes and 9 streptococcal meningiocephalitis syndrome. The mortality was 81 25% and 11 11% respectively. Pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased pigs and patients were found to have some common characteristics in morphology, staining and biological characters. Conclusion: The pathogen isolated from the blood of patients and pigs were identified as streptococci.

Concentrations of gastric mucosal cytokines in children with food allergy and Helicobacterpylori infection

AIM： To measure the concentrations of chosen cytokines in the antrum mucosa depending on the kind of harmful pathogenic factors and to compare the concentrations with the values of controls without allergy and coexisting Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） infection. METHODS： The patients （97 children） were divided into three groups according to the data obtained from the case history, to the main cause of the disease and to the dominant clinical symptoms. Group Ⅰ： children with food allergy （Fa）; group Ⅱ： children infected with H pylori; group Ⅲ （control group）： children with functional disorders of the alimentary tract （without Fa and Hp infection）. H pylori infection was determined by the presence of anti-Hp antibodies in serum （ELISA method） and urease test performed during endoscopic examination. Cytokine concentration in homogenates of gastric mucosa was detected by ELISA method. RESULTS： The IL-2 concentration in gastric mucosa bioptates was the highest in children with Hp infection （116.5±179.5 pg/mg of the protein） and Fa and Hp infection （98.1±101.0 pg/mg）, while decreased in children with Fa （44.8±50.3 pg/mg） and controls （45.7±23.5 pg/mg）. The lowest mean concentration of IFN-y was observed in children with Hp infection （18.9±16.4 pg/mg）, with Fa and Hp infection （25.5±27.7 pg/mg）, with Fa （40.6±39.7 pg/mg） and controls （49.9±33.4 pg/mg）. The highest IL-4 concentrations were observed in children with Hp infection （35.3±52.8 pg/mg） and in children with Fa and Hp infection （37.2±51.7 pg/mg）, while lower IL-4 concentration （23.64-35.8 pg/mg） was found in children with Fa compared to the controls （22.7±13.8 pg/mg）. The analysis of IL-4 concentrations in children with Hp infection regarding the intensity of gastritis showed the highest value （62.2±61.2 pg/mg） in mild and moderate gastritis. The concentrations of IL-5 in the gastric mucosa of children with or without Fa did not differ significantly and were comparable to the control group. The highest mean IL-8 value was observed in Hp-infected children with or without Fa. The highest concentration of mucosal IL-10 was detected in children with Hp infection （79.3±41.2 pg/mg） and decreased in children with Fa and Hp infection （50.1±18.8 pg/mg） and in children with Fa （39.9±35.5 pg/mg）. The intensity and activity of the inflammation did not affect IL-10 concentrations in the gastric mucosa. In children with Hp infection, TNF-α concentration was the highest （45.9±49.3 pg/mg） and in children with Fa and Hp infection was low （45.3±32.6 pg/mg）, whereas decreased in children with Fa （21.7±34.2 pg/mg） and in controls （31.6±14.5 pg/mg）. CONCLUSION： The morphological changes of the gastric mucosa in children with Hp infection are comparable to those in children with Fa and coexisting Hp infection. Cytokine concentration in children with Fa and Hp infection is significantly different in IFN-7, IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α.

Identification and characterization of two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 unique recombinant forms from Yunnan, China

Dear Editor,Recombination contributes greatly to the diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1（HIV-1）.A large number of recombinant strains have been found in China,particularly in Yunnan,which is considered the HIV-1 epicenter of China.Surveillance of unique recombinant forms is helpful for prediction of new circulating recombinant forms.

Evaluation of antileishmanial,antibacterial and brine shrimp cytotoxic potential of crude methanolic extract of Herb Ocimum basilicum(Lamiacea)

OBJECTIVE:To collect and screen for ethnopharmacological properties(antileishmanial,antibacterial and brine lethality assays) of medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum from Peshawar region(34.008 latitude and 71.57 altitudes).METHODS:In the present study a general antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica strain was carried out.The antibacterial potential of the plant was performed against 06 gram positive and 06 gram negative bacteria.Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay at different concentrations were investigated.RESULTS:The anti-promastigotes profile of the plant showed good antileishmanial activity exhibited LC_(50) value 21.67 μg/mL.The result for gram positive antibacterial activity revealed that the O.basilicum leaves extract possesses significant inhibitory activity at highest two concentrations ranging from20.66 ± 0.31 to 31.86 ± 0.80 for Clostridium perfringens type C and Bacillus subtitilis,respectively,as compared to the gentamycin(27.36 ± 0.55 and21.80 ± 0.72,respectively).For gram negative bacteria good activity was observed.A highest zone of inhibition was recorded for Pseudomonas aeroginosa(28.83 ± 0.28) atthe highest concentration(10 mg/mL).The LC_(50) value obtained for brine shrimp lethality assay was 91.56 μg/mL.CONCLUSION:The herb basil possesses effective cidal activities which make this plant a good candidate for the isolation of antiprotozoal and antibacterial compounds which may lead to the development of novel drug.