Based on the statistics from the China Statistical Yearbook （2000-2009） on environment and methods recommended by the IPCC, the amounts of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions from domestic and industrial sewage treatme...Based on the statistics from the China Statistical Yearbook （2000-2009） on environment and methods recommended by the IPCC, the amounts of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions from domestic and industrial sewage treatment in China are estimated for the period of 2003-2009. CO2 emissions per capita from sewage treatment plants are also analyzed. The results show that the GHG emissions from sewage treatment plants increased steadily from 2003 to 2009; N20 emissions from domestic sewage are the major source of the total GHG emissions from domestic sewage; CH4 emissions from domestic sewage increase with the greatest speed; CH4 emissions from paper and pulp industry are the major source of industrial sewage emissions; CO2 emissions per capita increase constantly from 2003 to 2009.展开更多
The aim of this work is to assess the short term effect of OMWW （olive mill waste water） application on chemical and biological soil properties. A field experiment was carried out in southern Tunisia. OMWW applicati...The aim of this work is to assess the short term effect of OMWW （olive mill waste water） application on chemical and biological soil properties. A field experiment was carried out in southern Tunisia. OMWW application was done at rates equivalent to 0, 15, 30 and 45 m^3/ha. Results showed that increasing rates of OMWW enhance the soil fertility due to its richness in organic matter such as N and P. A rapid increase of microbial biomass （during 14 days of incubation） of OMWW amended soils occurred. However, a high increase in salinity values and phenolic compounds concentrations was observed during this experiment.展开更多
The spatial distribution of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR） was studied. The sampling points on top of and inside the membrane module were measured and analyzed ...The spatial distribution of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR） was studied. The sampling points on top of and inside the membrane module were measured and analyzed by the experimental variant function. The content of EPS was spatially interpolated by ordinary Kriging method, and il- lustrated with SURFER software. A case study was carried out in an MBR with membrane aperture of 0.4 ~tm and handling capacity of 120 ma/d in Jizhuangzi sewage treatment plant, Tianjin. From the visualization of EPS distribu- tion, it is seen that on the horizontal plane, the content of EPS was the lowest at the center; and on the vertical plane, the content of EPS decreased with the increase of depth. The shearing force caused by aeration of perforated pipe and the influent mode are the main influencing factors for this distribution.展开更多
Based on NECP/NCAR reanalysis data and daily temperature data of 743 stations in China, possible causes of winter extreme low temperature events are explored from the perspective of the synoptic-scale transient wave (...Based on NECP/NCAR reanalysis data and daily temperature data of 743 stations in China, possible causes of winter extreme low temperature events are explored from the perspective of the synoptic-scale transient wave (STW) activity. Results suggest that there is a close linkage between STW activity and extreme low temperature events. Firstly, case studies are carried out on the years with the most and least frequent extreme low temperature events. In the winter of 1967, two strong and stable STW trains were maintained over the Eurasian continent, and the strong westerly jet provided a good channel for the propagation of STW. Located in the downstream area of those two STW trains, China was significantly influenced by them and experienced frequent extreme low temperature events. Further analysis suggest that the intensity of the upstream transient wave and the areas where the transient waves reached are completely consistent with the intensity of extreme low temperature and the areas where frequent extreme low temperature event happened, respectively. In contrast, Westerly jet in 2006 was weaker and the path of transient wave propagation was shorter and weaker, resulting in the low frequency of extreme temperature. Secondly, in their long term variations, westerly jet is also consistent with the extreme low temperature frequency. The transient wave path changed before and after the 1980s. Further investigation suggests that transient wave intensities in key areas exhibit in-phase changes with the frequency of extreme low temperature events in the periods of 1959-1979 and 1986-2006. Meanwhile, the main features of transient wave activities in high-frequent years and low-frequent years of extreme low temperature events are similar to those of 1967 and 2006, respectively. Results indicate that winter extreme low temperature events in China have a very close relationship with the transient wave activity, implying the propagation and activity of STW are important factors affecting the winter extreme low temperature events in China. This study can also provide a new clue for better understanding the mechanisms of the extreme temperature events.展开更多
Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last...Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last twenty years, consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly in China, which has been cited as one of the world＇s worst abusers of antibiotics. This review summarizes the current state of antibiotic contamination in China＇s three major rivers （the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River） and illustrates the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants （VC-VVTPs）. The analytical data indicate that traditional W-WTPs cannot completely remove these concerned pharmaceuticals, as seen in the large difference between the distribution coefficient （Kd） and the uneven removal efficiency of various types of antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands （CWs） offer a potential way to remove these antibiotics from water supplies, knowledge of their mechanisms is limited. There are four main factors affecting the performance of CWs used for the treatment of antibiotics in water supplies, the types and configurations of CWs, hydraulic load rates, substrates, and plants and microorganisms. Further researches focusing on these factors are needed to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs.展开更多
The objective is to know how the CO2 emits and how much the CO2 emits due to the cement manufacture in both direct and indirect ways with the increasing concerns about the global warming and the cement plants emitting...The objective is to know how the CO2 emits and how much the CO2 emits due to the cement manufacture in both direct and indirect ways with the increasing concerns about the global warming and the cement plants emitting huge CO2.A precise method to calculate CO2 emissions including three processes was established in this paper and a case study was provided.From the case of 23 typical plants in China,we can see the amount of CO2 emissions at the right level.The summary of CO2 emissions consists of emissions from raw materials,fuels and electricity.The average result of the 23 typical plants is 0.74 t CO2 per ton clinker in this study.Therefore,CO2 emissions from these typical cement plants were pictured and then measured.The creative point is that an approach provides a basic framework to identify various situations in different cement plants in China and other in the rest of the world.The framework would be useful in quantitatively evaluating CO2 emissions for government to know precisely CO2 emissions in the cement plants.展开更多
基金supported by the GEF/UNDP Second National Communication on Climate Change of China--China’s inventory of GHG emissions from wastewater/sewage treatment subproject
文摘Based on the statistics from the China Statistical Yearbook （2000-2009） on environment and methods recommended by the IPCC, the amounts of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions from domestic and industrial sewage treatment in China are estimated for the period of 2003-2009. CO2 emissions per capita from sewage treatment plants are also analyzed. The results show that the GHG emissions from sewage treatment plants increased steadily from 2003 to 2009; N20 emissions from domestic sewage are the major source of the total GHG emissions from domestic sewage; CH4 emissions from domestic sewage increase with the greatest speed; CH4 emissions from paper and pulp industry are the major source of industrial sewage emissions; CO2 emissions per capita increase constantly from 2003 to 2009.
文摘The aim of this work is to assess the short term effect of OMWW （olive mill waste water） application on chemical and biological soil properties. A field experiment was carried out in southern Tunisia. OMWW application was done at rates equivalent to 0, 15, 30 and 45 m^3/ha. Results showed that increasing rates of OMWW enhance the soil fertility due to its richness in organic matter such as N and P. A rapid increase of microbial biomass （during 14 days of incubation） of OMWW amended soils occurred. However, a high increase in salinity values and phenolic compounds concentrations was observed during this experiment.
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for Technology Innovation of Tianjin (No.06FZZDSH00900)
文摘The spatial distribution of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor （MBR） was studied. The sampling points on top of and inside the membrane module were measured and analyzed by the experimental variant function. The content of EPS was spatially interpolated by ordinary Kriging method, and il- lustrated with SURFER software. A case study was carried out in an MBR with membrane aperture of 0.4 ~tm and handling capacity of 120 ma/d in Jizhuangzi sewage treatment plant, Tianjin. From the visualization of EPS distribu- tion, it is seen that on the horizontal plane, the content of EPS was the lowest at the center; and on the vertical plane, the content of EPS decreased with the increase of depth. The shearing force caused by aeration of perforated pipe and the influent mode are the main influencing factors for this distribution.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Supporting Program (Grant No.2007BAC29B03)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Based on NECP/NCAR reanalysis data and daily temperature data of 743 stations in China, possible causes of winter extreme low temperature events are explored from the perspective of the synoptic-scale transient wave (STW) activity. Results suggest that there is a close linkage between STW activity and extreme low temperature events. Firstly, case studies are carried out on the years with the most and least frequent extreme low temperature events. In the winter of 1967, two strong and stable STW trains were maintained over the Eurasian continent, and the strong westerly jet provided a good channel for the propagation of STW. Located in the downstream area of those two STW trains, China was significantly influenced by them and experienced frequent extreme low temperature events. Further analysis suggest that the intensity of the upstream transient wave and the areas where the transient waves reached are completely consistent with the intensity of extreme low temperature and the areas where frequent extreme low temperature event happened, respectively. In contrast, Westerly jet in 2006 was weaker and the path of transient wave propagation was shorter and weaker, resulting in the low frequency of extreme temperature. Secondly, in their long term variations, westerly jet is also consistent with the extreme low temperature frequency. The transient wave path changed before and after the 1980s. Further investigation suggests that transient wave intensities in key areas exhibit in-phase changes with the frequency of extreme low temperature events in the periods of 1959-1979 and 1986-2006. Meanwhile, the main features of transient wave activities in high-frequent years and low-frequent years of extreme low temperature events are similar to those of 1967 and 2006, respectively. Results indicate that winter extreme low temperature events in China have a very close relationship with the transient wave activity, implying the propagation and activity of STW are important factors affecting the winter extreme low temperature events in China. This study can also provide a new clue for better understanding the mechanisms of the extreme temperature events.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China(No.2012ZX07101013-02)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.15KJB610011)+1 种基金Top-notch Academic Programs Project (TAPP) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last twenty years, consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly in China, which has been cited as one of the world＇s worst abusers of antibiotics. This review summarizes the current state of antibiotic contamination in China＇s three major rivers （the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River） and illustrates the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants （VC-VVTPs）. The analytical data indicate that traditional W-WTPs cannot completely remove these concerned pharmaceuticals, as seen in the large difference between the distribution coefficient （Kd） and the uneven removal efficiency of various types of antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands （CWs） offer a potential way to remove these antibiotics from water supplies, knowledge of their mechanisms is limited. There are four main factors affecting the performance of CWs used for the treatment of antibiotics in water supplies, the types and configurations of CWs, hydraulic load rates, substrates, and plants and microorganisms. Further researches focusing on these factors are needed to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs.
基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2011BAE29B00,2011BAC04B06 and 2011BAJ04B06)
文摘The objective is to know how the CO2 emits and how much the CO2 emits due to the cement manufacture in both direct and indirect ways with the increasing concerns about the global warming and the cement plants emitting huge CO2.A precise method to calculate CO2 emissions including three processes was established in this paper and a case study was provided.From the case of 23 typical plants in China,we can see the amount of CO2 emissions at the right level.The summary of CO2 emissions consists of emissions from raw materials,fuels and electricity.The average result of the 23 typical plants is 0.74 t CO2 per ton clinker in this study.Therefore,CO2 emissions from these typical cement plants were pictured and then measured.The creative point is that an approach provides a basic framework to identify various situations in different cement plants in China and other in the rest of the world.The framework would be useful in quantitatively evaluating CO2 emissions for government to know precisely CO2 emissions in the cement plants.
