The ＂OLI paradigm＂ of Dunning （1977） claims that firm internationalization is addressed toward the exploitation of home-based specific advantages. However, evidence shows that SMEs are increasingly internationaliz...The ＂OLI paradigm＂ of Dunning （1977） claims that firm internationalization is addressed toward the exploitation of home-based specific advantages. However, evidence shows that SMEs are increasingly internationalizing their activities in order to enrich their resource pool. In this regard, a reinterpretation of the OLI paradigm came out with a new perspective suggesting that ＂foreign direct investmenf＇ （FDI） is increasingly oriented toward asset augmentation. Correspondingly, the purpose of this theoretical paper is to suggest a set of principles that could inform on how global small and medium-sized enterprises grow in the international marketplace when investing abroad.展开更多
At present, China has entered the era of market economy. Reserve youths training system has changed greatly. The training system formed by the planned economy period reserve talents, has been incompatible with the soc...At present, China has entered the era of market economy. Reserve youths training system has changed greatly. The training system formed by the planned economy period reserve talents, has been incompatible with the society, resulting in the merchandise of reserve basketball talents. Talented young players have no qualitative progress and there is no highlight on them, so do the player groups. The training of reserve sports talents is being adjusted and converted, and training a great diversity of reserve sports talents will coexist for long. The whole nation training system in the era of the planned economy, through policy intervention, the highly centralized amateur sports school, provincial sports team promoting to the national team management system, guarantees the stability of the sports teams in China, and provides reserve youth force. However, the cultural quality of the athletes and the level of scientific training are not high.展开更多
China＇s first wave of economic globalization is characterized by its full utilization of foreign advanced, especially innovative, production factors in the domestic market to develop its innovation economy. China＇s ...China＇s first wave of economic globalization is characterized by its full utilization of foreign advanced, especially innovative, production factors in the domestic market to develop its innovation economy. China＇s participation in global economy can be described as fully utilizing domestic low-end production factors through foreign markets. This type of participation has been overdone. As China aims to engage in a second wave of economic globalization, the focus is to implement an in-depth globalization strategy under the condition of expanding domestic demands, namely and to develop the global economy based on domestic demands, The purpose is to achieve an economic rebalance with the world and help China out of its overcapacity predicament in weaker global economic climates. Moreover, it will bring China a chance to introduce foreign advanced factors to accelerate growth and develop innovation economy by turning economic crisis in the West into opportunities.展开更多
Albanian business environment is defined by complexity, dynamism, uncertainty. In Albania, there are small and medium enterprises （businesses）. Although we have a high degree of business bankrupt, many businesses ar...Albanian business environment is defined by complexity, dynamism, uncertainty. In Albania, there are small and medium enterprises （businesses）. Although we have a high degree of business bankrupt, many businesses are reinforcing their competitive positions in market. In these conditions, a new appropriate organizational structure often plays a crucial role in managing the challenges. While the finn grows, at the same time grows the need for organization, involvement and leadership. In today＇s changing times, effective leadership is a key component of organizational success. Even if management is the key of operation and the standard operating procedures, our study shows that the manager always need leader＇s power. In today＇s global marketplace, organizations that strategically focus on building leadership capacity for the future will reap the benefits in the years to come. New trends in business development, of course have increased requirements for local managers. The organizations are under pressure to show return on investment for training and development. Although positive trends, problems which management is faced are more challenging than the degree of preparation and performance that they offer, so their qualitative qualification remains the continuous preoccupation as the role of our school is in this direction. From this point of view, education in distance can be considered as complementary approach and in some conditions as a worthy replacement of direct education, which still dominates educative systems in Albania.展开更多
The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country＇s economic development; however the sector＇s competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resultin...The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country＇s economic development; however the sector＇s competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resulting from elimination of quotas in 2005. China and other Asian countries＇ ability to produce quality products efficiently at lower comparative costs has been threatening apparel manufacturers in most developing countries in Africa. The purpose of this study is to analyse Kenya＇s apparel industry＇s current situation and to recommend some strategies for regaining business competitiveness in the apparel sector. This paper examines how apparel firms could develop competitive advantages in both local and global markets. It uses Porter＇s diamond and business value chain models as a basis of analysis for interpreting competitive factors within Kenya＇s apparel industry. In addition to extensive literature reviews, the paper provides in-depth overview of Kenya＇s apparel sector business dynamics and its relationships with local and global markets. Conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of Porter＇s theoretical models in relationship to Kenya＇s apparel industry business dynamics. Taking into account the global apparel business factors, recommendations are made on how the Kenya＇s apparel industry can regain business competitiveness.展开更多
The first Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'E-1 is a successful mission with many fruitful results obtained in various disciplines. The scientific data acquired by the Chang'E-1 payloads can benefit studies of the l...The first Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'E-1 is a successful mission with many fruitful results obtained in various disciplines. The scientific data acquired by the Chang'E-1 payloads can benefit studies of the lunar origin and evolution, as well as other relevant research areas, after careful validation of the data. Among the new results, the Chang'E-1 selenodetic products are continually uncovering characteristics of the lunar surface, undersurface and inner structure. Successful lunar orbiters such as the Clementine, Lunar Prospector, KAGUYA/SELENE, Chang'E-1, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and GRAIL have been revealing, with increasing clarity, global selenodetic characteristics with state-of-the-art fine resolution and high precision. In particular, the Chang'E-1 plays an important distinctive role in selenodetic exploration through enhancing lunar topography and gravity models. The gravity model has been successfully improved with a factor of two after applying the Chang'E-1 long-wavelength tracking data. Using the new models, some medium-scale lunar surface characteristics such as basins and volcanoes have been identified. Furthermore, the old mascon basins of Bouguer, gravity anomaly and craters have been discovered with the Chang'E-1 selenodetic data.展开更多
Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating ...Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating into a world system in which market democracies dominate and view China＇s rise with suspicion. Globalization changes, complicates, and benefits Chinese foreign policy. A growing China is also increasingly affecting globalization in its own image. Globalization has caused a backlash, particularly in developed countries, partly because of the China factor, and China＇s own commitment to globalization is being tested as economic problems mount in the current financial crisis.展开更多
We are living in an era in which monetary policies are needed in order to drive away economic crises.On January 29 the Bank of Japan（BOJ）,the country’s central bank,said that it would apply a0.1-percent fee on new ...We are living in an era in which monetary policies are needed in order to drive away economic crises.On January 29 the Bank of Japan（BOJ）,the country’s central bank,said that it would apply a0.1-percent fee on new deposits held by commercial banks at the BOJ—in essence adopting a negative interest rate.展开更多
文摘The ＂OLI paradigm＂ of Dunning （1977） claims that firm internationalization is addressed toward the exploitation of home-based specific advantages. However, evidence shows that SMEs are increasingly internationalizing their activities in order to enrich their resource pool. In this regard, a reinterpretation of the OLI paradigm came out with a new perspective suggesting that ＂foreign direct investmenf＇ （FDI） is increasingly oriented toward asset augmentation. Correspondingly, the purpose of this theoretical paper is to suggest a set of principles that could inform on how global small and medium-sized enterprises grow in the international marketplace when investing abroad.
文摘At present, China has entered the era of market economy. Reserve youths training system has changed greatly. The training system formed by the planned economy period reserve talents, has been incompatible with the society, resulting in the merchandise of reserve basketball talents. Talented young players have no qualitative progress and there is no highlight on them, so do the player groups. The training of reserve sports talents is being adjusted and converted, and training a great diversity of reserve sports talents will coexist for long. The whole nation training system in the era of the planned economy, through policy intervention, the highly centralized amateur sports school, provincial sports team promoting to the national team management system, guarantees the stability of the sports teams in China, and provides reserve youth force. However, the cultural quality of the athletes and the level of scientific training are not high.
文摘China＇s first wave of economic globalization is characterized by its full utilization of foreign advanced, especially innovative, production factors in the domestic market to develop its innovation economy. China＇s participation in global economy can be described as fully utilizing domestic low-end production factors through foreign markets. This type of participation has been overdone. As China aims to engage in a second wave of economic globalization, the focus is to implement an in-depth globalization strategy under the condition of expanding domestic demands, namely and to develop the global economy based on domestic demands, The purpose is to achieve an economic rebalance with the world and help China out of its overcapacity predicament in weaker global economic climates. Moreover, it will bring China a chance to introduce foreign advanced factors to accelerate growth and develop innovation economy by turning economic crisis in the West into opportunities.
文摘Albanian business environment is defined by complexity, dynamism, uncertainty. In Albania, there are small and medium enterprises （businesses）. Although we have a high degree of business bankrupt, many businesses are reinforcing their competitive positions in market. In these conditions, a new appropriate organizational structure often plays a crucial role in managing the challenges. While the finn grows, at the same time grows the need for organization, involvement and leadership. In today＇s changing times, effective leadership is a key component of organizational success. Even if management is the key of operation and the standard operating procedures, our study shows that the manager always need leader＇s power. In today＇s global marketplace, organizations that strategically focus on building leadership capacity for the future will reap the benefits in the years to come. New trends in business development, of course have increased requirements for local managers. The organizations are under pressure to show return on investment for training and development. Although positive trends, problems which management is faced are more challenging than the degree of preparation and performance that they offer, so their qualitative qualification remains the continuous preoccupation as the role of our school is in this direction. From this point of view, education in distance can be considered as complementary approach and in some conditions as a worthy replacement of direct education, which still dominates educative systems in Albania.
文摘The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country＇s economic development; however the sector＇s competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resulting from elimination of quotas in 2005. China and other Asian countries＇ ability to produce quality products efficiently at lower comparative costs has been threatening apparel manufacturers in most developing countries in Africa. The purpose of this study is to analyse Kenya＇s apparel industry＇s current situation and to recommend some strategies for regaining business competitiveness in the apparel sector. This paper examines how apparel firms could develop competitive advantages in both local and global markets. It uses Porter＇s diamond and business value chain models as a basis of analysis for interpreting competitive factors within Kenya＇s apparel industry. In addition to extensive literature reviews, the paper provides in-depth overview of Kenya＇s apparel sector business dynamics and its relationships with local and global markets. Conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of Porter＇s theoretical models in relationship to Kenya＇s apparel industry business dynamics. Taking into account the global apparel business factors, recommendations are made on how the Kenya＇s apparel industry can regain business competitiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10973031)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2010AA122206)
文摘The first Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'E-1 is a successful mission with many fruitful results obtained in various disciplines. The scientific data acquired by the Chang'E-1 payloads can benefit studies of the lunar origin and evolution, as well as other relevant research areas, after careful validation of the data. Among the new results, the Chang'E-1 selenodetic products are continually uncovering characteristics of the lunar surface, undersurface and inner structure. Successful lunar orbiters such as the Clementine, Lunar Prospector, KAGUYA/SELENE, Chang'E-1, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and GRAIL have been revealing, with increasing clarity, global selenodetic characteristics with state-of-the-art fine resolution and high precision. In particular, the Chang'E-1 plays an important distinctive role in selenodetic exploration through enhancing lunar topography and gravity models. The gravity model has been successfully improved with a factor of two after applying the Chang'E-1 long-wavelength tracking data. Using the new models, some medium-scale lunar surface characteristics such as basins and volcanoes have been identified. Furthermore, the old mascon basins of Bouguer, gravity anomaly and craters have been discovered with the Chang'E-1 selenodetic data.
文摘Cbina＇s rapid economic growth has benefited from the country＇s wellplaced position in the global production chain. But China encounters an acute security, dilemma externally and internally because it is integrating into a world system in which market democracies dominate and view China＇s rise with suspicion. Globalization changes, complicates, and benefits Chinese foreign policy. A growing China is also increasingly affecting globalization in its own image. Globalization has caused a backlash, particularly in developed countries, partly because of the China factor, and China＇s own commitment to globalization is being tested as economic problems mount in the current financial crisis.
文摘We are living in an era in which monetary policies are needed in order to drive away economic crises.On January 29 the Bank of Japan（BOJ）,the country’s central bank,said that it would apply a0.1-percent fee on new deposits held by commercial banks at the BOJ—in essence adopting a negative interest rate.
