Biodiesel is an excellent option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels with environmental advantages by reducing hazardous emissions. The enzymatic transesterification has attracted the attention of researchers in t...Biodiesel is an excellent option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels with environmental advantages by reducing hazardous emissions. The enzymatic transesterification has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade and the advantages of enzymatic catalysis show that the production of biodiesel by this route has good potential, mainly because it is friendly environment. For biodiesel, production process by enzyme catalysis is chosen the response surface methodology. It is an experimental strategy to find the best operating conditions oftransesterification reaction to improve the biodiesel quality. The Process has three variables： temperature, molar ratio oil-alcohol and catalyst quantity. The process was monitored by GC-FID （gas chromatography with flame ionization detector）. The yield of the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis decreases with increasing temperature, and may be due to inactivation of the enzyme by denaturation at temperatures above 50 ℃. The second-order design used was the ＂CDC （central design composition）＂ which produced a maximum yield of 95.5% in the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis obtained at a temperature of 45 ℃, molar ratio methanol：oil of 8：1 and a catalyst loading of 8% wt.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study is to systematically evaluate the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.Methods The computer system was used to comprehensively search database of ...Objective The aim of the study is to systematically evaluate the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.Methods The computer system was used to comprehensively search database of Wanfang(WF),VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)for relevant literature on the application effect of Chinese medicine in the treatment of AIDs diarrhea.The retrieval time was set from January 1,2010 to August 15,2021.The documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria were eliminated,and the quality of the qualified literature was evaluated according to the improved Jadad scoring standard.The main outcome indicators were entered into the literature,and Review Manager 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results Eight eligible articles were included,a total of 536 cases of AIDS diarrhea patients were included.All eight eligible articles observed the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea,among which four observed the TCM syndrome changes in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea,and four observed adverse reactions of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.All articles were extracted for valid data.After entering all the main observation index data,the results of meta-analysis showed that the effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was better,the differencewas statistically significant[MD=2.92,95%CI(1.81,4.70),p<0.001];TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was more conducive to improving the TCM syndrome scores of patients,the difference was statistically significant[MD=-2.55,95%CI(-3.37,-1.73),p<0.001];the adverse effects of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea were mild,and the difference was statistically significant[MD=1.70,95%Cl(0.48,5.97),p=0.41].Conclusion The effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea patients is remarkable,which can effectively improve the TCM symptom scores of patients without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship betwe en phospholipase D (PLD) activation and neutrophil priming induced by cardiopulm onary bypass (CPB), and try to clarify whether CPB-induced systemic inflammator y respon...Objective:To investigate the relationship betwe en phospholipase D (PLD) activation and neutrophil priming induced by cardiopulm onary bypass (CPB), and try to clarify whether CPB-induced systemic inflammator y response can be attenuated by inhibiting neutrophilic PLD activation. Methods:Neutrophils were isolated from arterial blood of 8 pat ients undergoing valve replacement before operation and 30 min after initiation of CPB respectively. Both the preoperative and CPB-stirred neutrophils were sub divided into 5 groups by receiving different experimental interventions: (1) bac terial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng·ml -1 ), (2) N-formylmethionylph enylalanine (fMLP, 1 μmol·L -1 ), (3) LPS+fMLP, (4) 1-butanol ( 0.5 %)+ LPS+fMLP, (5) vehicle. Elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release was measured f or the parameters of neutrophil activation, neutrophil PLD activity was determin ed by quantitation of choline produced from the stable product of phosphatidylch oline catalyzed by PLD. Results:(1) Preoperative neutrophils treated with LPS+fMLP pre sented significantly higher PLD activity ( 13.48 ± 2.61 nmol choline·h -1 ·mg -1 ) and released more elastase and MPO than cells treated with v ehicle (PLD activity 3.70 ± 0.49 nmol choline·h -1 ·mg -1 , P< 0.01 ), LPS (P< 0.01 ) and fMLP respectively. In 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP group, PLD activity of preoperative neutrop hils was lower than that in LPS+fMLP group (P< 0.01 ), b esides the release of elastase and MPO decreased sharply below both LPS + fMLP a nd fMLP groups (P< 0.01 ). In LPS group, PLD activity wa s higher (P< 0.01 ), while elastase and MPO release did not differ from control. fMLP group presented PLD activity, elastase and MPO rel ease higher than control (P< 0.01 ); nevertheless, lower than LPS+fMLP group (P< 0.01 ). (2) CPB-stirred neutro phils presented prominent PLD activity increment, and even the control level was 3.59 -fold of the pre-operative control (P< 0.01 ) . PLD activity in LPS+fMLP group was higher than that in other groups. Notably, PLD activity was even nonstatistically lower in 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP group than t hat in LPS or fMLP group. CPB-stirred neutrophils in LPS+fMLP group released mo re elastase and MPO than control, LPS, and 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP groups did ( P< 0.01 ); however, neither of the release was statistically different from that of fMLP group. Conclusions:Cardiopulmonary bypass enables neutrophil priming accompanied with significant increase in PLD activity. Inhibition of neutrophil PLD activation attenuates its priming and may alleviate CPB-induced systemic in flammatory reaction.展开更多
文摘Biodiesel is an excellent option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels with environmental advantages by reducing hazardous emissions. The enzymatic transesterification has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade and the advantages of enzymatic catalysis show that the production of biodiesel by this route has good potential, mainly because it is friendly environment. For biodiesel, production process by enzyme catalysis is chosen the response surface methodology. It is an experimental strategy to find the best operating conditions oftransesterification reaction to improve the biodiesel quality. The Process has three variables： temperature, molar ratio oil-alcohol and catalyst quantity. The process was monitored by GC-FID （gas chromatography with flame ionization detector）. The yield of the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis decreases with increasing temperature, and may be due to inactivation of the enzyme by denaturation at temperatures above 50 ℃. The second-order design used was the ＂CDC （central design composition）＂ which produced a maximum yield of 95.5% in the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis obtained at a temperature of 45 ℃, molar ratio methanol：oil of 8：1 and a catalyst loading of 8% wt.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1604287)National Science and Tech-nology Major Project During the“13th Five-Year”Plan Period(2017ZX10205502).
文摘Objective The aim of the study is to systematically evaluate the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.Methods The computer system was used to comprehensively search database of Wanfang(WF),VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)for relevant literature on the application effect of Chinese medicine in the treatment of AIDs diarrhea.The retrieval time was set from January 1,2010 to August 15,2021.The documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria were eliminated,and the quality of the qualified literature was evaluated according to the improved Jadad scoring standard.The main outcome indicators were entered into the literature,and Review Manager 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results Eight eligible articles were included,a total of 536 cases of AIDS diarrhea patients were included.All eight eligible articles observed the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea,among which four observed the TCM syndrome changes in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea,and four observed adverse reactions of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.All articles were extracted for valid data.After entering all the main observation index data,the results of meta-analysis showed that the effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was better,the differencewas statistically significant[MD=2.92,95%CI(1.81,4.70),p<0.001];TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was more conducive to improving the TCM syndrome scores of patients,the difference was statistically significant[MD=-2.55,95%CI(-3.37,-1.73),p<0.001];the adverse effects of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea were mild,and the difference was statistically significant[MD=1.70,95%Cl(0.48,5.97),p=0.41].Conclusion The effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea patients is remarkable,which can effectively improve the TCM symptom scores of patients without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
基金ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.39670836)andtheScienceFoundationofZhejiangProvincialHealthDepartment (No .2 0 0 2ZX0 3 3 )
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship betwe en phospholipase D (PLD) activation and neutrophil priming induced by cardiopulm onary bypass (CPB), and try to clarify whether CPB-induced systemic inflammator y response can be attenuated by inhibiting neutrophilic PLD activation. Methods:Neutrophils were isolated from arterial blood of 8 pat ients undergoing valve replacement before operation and 30 min after initiation of CPB respectively. Both the preoperative and CPB-stirred neutrophils were sub divided into 5 groups by receiving different experimental interventions: (1) bac terial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng·ml -1 ), (2) N-formylmethionylph enylalanine (fMLP, 1 μmol·L -1 ), (3) LPS+fMLP, (4) 1-butanol ( 0.5 %)+ LPS+fMLP, (5) vehicle. Elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release was measured f or the parameters of neutrophil activation, neutrophil PLD activity was determin ed by quantitation of choline produced from the stable product of phosphatidylch oline catalyzed by PLD. Results:(1) Preoperative neutrophils treated with LPS+fMLP pre sented significantly higher PLD activity ( 13.48 ± 2.61 nmol choline·h -1 ·mg -1 ) and released more elastase and MPO than cells treated with v ehicle (PLD activity 3.70 ± 0.49 nmol choline·h -1 ·mg -1 , P< 0.01 ), LPS (P< 0.01 ) and fMLP respectively. In 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP group, PLD activity of preoperative neutrop hils was lower than that in LPS+fMLP group (P< 0.01 ), b esides the release of elastase and MPO decreased sharply below both LPS + fMLP a nd fMLP groups (P< 0.01 ). In LPS group, PLD activity wa s higher (P< 0.01 ), while elastase and MPO release did not differ from control. fMLP group presented PLD activity, elastase and MPO rel ease higher than control (P< 0.01 ); nevertheless, lower than LPS+fMLP group (P< 0.01 ). (2) CPB-stirred neutro phils presented prominent PLD activity increment, and even the control level was 3.59 -fold of the pre-operative control (P< 0.01 ) . PLD activity in LPS+fMLP group was higher than that in other groups. Notably, PLD activity was even nonstatistically lower in 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP group than t hat in LPS or fMLP group. CPB-stirred neutrophils in LPS+fMLP group released mo re elastase and MPO than control, LPS, and 1-butanol+LPS+fMLP groups did ( P< 0.01 ); however, neither of the release was statistically different from that of fMLP group. Conclusions:Cardiopulmonary bypass enables neutrophil priming accompanied with significant increase in PLD activity. Inhibition of neutrophil PLD activation attenuates its priming and may alleviate CPB-induced systemic in flammatory reaction.
