沙棘籽中维生素E的含量测定方法研究

目的:对中药沙棘籽中维生素E的含量测定方法进行了研究,优化了皂化条件,补充完善了该药材的质量标准。方法:高效液相色谱法,采用Hanbon Kromasil C18200mm×4.6mm I.D.不锈钢色谱柱,以甲醇为流动相,检测波长为280nm。结果:维生素E在0.09888～0.44496μg线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为100.49%(n=6)。结论:本法专属性强,灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简便,可作为中药沙棘籽中维生素E的含量测定的方法。

清脂颗粒中制首乌与山楂的鉴别研究

目的:建立清脂颗粒剂中的主要成分鉴别方法。方法:对本处方采用乙醇回流提取有效成分,并制成颗粒,采用薄层色谱法对本颗粒剂中制首乌与山楂进行定性鉴别。结果:该颗粒制备工艺简便,薄层斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。结论:清脂颗粒中主要成分制首乌的鉴别方法合理可行。

冠心汤湿法粉碎制备汤剂与传统汤剂的五种成分含量比较

目的:比较冠心汤湿法粉碎制备与其传统汤剂及煎药机煎煮的汤剂中五种成分的含量差异。方法:采用HPLC法,用乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,同时测定红花黄色素A、芍药苷、阿魏酸、丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA含量。结果:冠心汤湿法粉碎制备的汤剂中五种有效成分的含量大大高于传统法及煎药机煎煮的汤剂。结论:湿法粉碎制备汤剂,方便快速,提取液有效成分含量高,作为中药汤剂一种新的制备方法值得进一步研究。

不同剂量下黄连解毒汤中黄芩苷溶出率观察研究

目的:测定在不同剂量下黄连解毒汤中黄芩苷的溶出率。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,黄芩苷的色谱条件为:测定波长280nm,流动相:甲醇:水:磷酸(47:53:0.2),流速:1mL/min。结果:黄芩苷溶出量随剂量增加而又较小的增加,溶出率随剂量增加而减小。结论:黄连解毒汤药材的利用率随剂量增加而减小,造成药材的浪费.

Analysis of the Constituents in the Chinese Drug Notoginseng by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

To develop a HPIX-UV-MS method for identifying the constituents in theChinese drug Notoginseng (the root of Panax notoginseng). Methods A Phenomenex Luna C_(18) column(250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm) was utilized. Water containing 0.005% formic acid (A) and acetonitrilecontaining 0.005% formic acid (B) were used as gradient eluents. UV spectra were recorded in range195 - 400 nm. Both positive and negative ion ESI modes were used. Results The constituents inNotoginseng were well separated and detected. Fourteen compounds were identified by comparing theirretention time and ESI-MS data with those obtained from the reference compounds. Forty-one compoundswere deduced by data analysis of MS and literature; among them, yesanchinosides-H and -E,chikusetsusaponin-L_5, malonyl-ginsenoside-R_(g_1), the isomers of notoginsenosides-J, -A, -R_1, -G,-R_2, and ginsenoside-Rh_3 were discovered in Notoginseng for the first time. Conclusion Thismethod gives high sensitivity and good separation, and is suitable for identifying the constituentsin Notoginseng. This result is helpful for further phytochemical research on Notoginseng. Based onthis result, further quality control can be studied.

Triterpenoids from Rubus buergeri

A new triterpenoid, methyl buergericate (12a), which was elucidated as 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 19 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyl olean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester by spectroscopic methods, together with eleven known triterpenoids was isolated from Rubus buergeri Miq. The isolation of the above chemical constituents from this plant was reported for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from Potentilla multifida L.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from Potentilla multifida L..Methods Chromatographic technique was employed for the isolation and purification of theconstituents, and the structures were identified by spectral evidence. Results Four compounds wereisolated involving ade-nosine (1), apigenin-6-C-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-glucopyranoside (2),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (3) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4). Conclusion The fourcompounds were obtained from the genus Potentilla for the first time.

A New Cyclic Bisdesmoside from Tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum

The structure of tubeimoside V (1), a new cyclic bisdesmoside, isolated from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Tu Bei Mu), was established by means of 2D NMR spectral and chemical methods. Compound 1 has inter-saccharide chain bridging by a dicrotalic acid to form a unique macrocyclic structure.

Antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” and chemotherapy on transplanted animal hepatocarcinoma

AIM： To investigate the antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” （recipe for invigorating the kidney, removing blood stasis and toxic substances） and chemotherapy on mice hepatocarcinoma. METHODS： Bushen huayu jiedu recipe （BSHYJDR） consisting of Chinese Cassia Bark, Psoralea, Zedoary, Rhubarb, etc. is equal to 1.5 g/mL liquid of originated herbs after being decoded, filtered, and concentrated. Kunming mice, weighing 18-22 g, were injected with 0.2 mL ascitic hepatocarcinoma H22 containing 1 × 10^7 cells/mL into armpit of the right forelimb of mice. After 24 h, the mice were weighed and randomly divided into tumor-bearing model control group, cisplatin （DDP） group, BSHYJDR high dosage group, low dosage BSHYJDR group, DDP combined with high and low dosage BSHYJDR group, 10 mice in each group. DDP group received injection intraperitoneally （ip） at the dosage of 1 mg/kg （equal to 1/10 LD50）, once a day for 4 d. High and low dosage BSHYJDR groups received intragastric BSHYJDR at the dosages of 26.6 and 13.3 g/kg （20 and 10 times each of clinical adult dosage） respectively, while tumor-bearing model group received the equal volume of distilled water once a day for 10 d. On the 11^th d, the mice were weighed and killed, then the tumor was dissected and weighed, the repression rate （RR） was calculated according to the mean weight of tumor （MWT）. RESULTS： Compared to the model group （MWT： 1.30±0.73）, DDP group （MWT： 0.41±0.09, RR： 68.46%） had a significant difference in the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma H22 （P〈0.01）. High dosage BSHYJDR group （MWT： 0.69±0.29, RR： 46.92%） also had a significant difference in inhibition （P〈0.05）, while no difference was found in low dosage BSHYJDR group （MVVT： 0.85±0.34, RR： 34.62%） （P〉0.05）. When DDP was combined with high dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.29±0.17, RR： 77.69%） and low dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.38±0.21, RR： 70.77%） respectively, we could see improvement of the inhibition effect of DDP on transplanted hepatocarcinoma H22. DDP combined with high dosage BSHYJDR had a significant difference （P〈0.001） compared to DDP, while DDP combined with low dosage BSHYJDR only had a little improvement that is not remarkable. CONCLUSION： Chinese medicine BSHYJDR in combination with chemotherapy can inhibit transplanted hepatocarcinorna in mice.

Quantitative similarity assessment of non-linear chemical fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine by similarity system theory

The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.

Expression of trefoil factors 1 and 2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer

AIM： To study the expression of trefoil factor 1 （TFF1） and TFF2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer and to explore the relationship between TFFs and tumorigenesis, precancerous condition and gastric cancer. METHODS： The expression of TFF1 and TFF2 was immunohistochemically analyzed in paraffin-embedded samples from 140 patients including 35 cases of chronic superficial gastritis （CSG）, 35 cases of gastric ulcer （GU）, 35 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） and 35 cases of gastric cancer （GC）. RESULTS： TFF1 and TFF2 were located in cytoplasm of gastric mucous cells. In CSG, GU, CAG and GC, the level of TFF1 expression had a decreased tendency （P〈 0.05）. The expression of TFF2 was higher in GU than in CSG, but the difference was not significant. The expression of TFF2 also had a decreased tendency in GU, CAG, and GC （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The reduced expression of TFF1 and TFF2 in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer may be associated with the proliferation and malignant transformation of gastric mucosa. More investigations are needed to explore the mechanism of TFFs and the relationship between TFFs and gastric cancer.

Comparison of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Western Medicine Cancer Therapy

The interactions among drugs,tumor and host are critical for a response to therapy and for outcome.Anticancer herbs used in Chinese medicine are classified into 4 groups based on their target (tumor,patient and drug) as follows:eliminating pathogenic factors,strengthening the body resistance,enhancing effects of chemotherapy and detoxication of chemotherapy. Correspondingly,anticancer drugs used in Western medicine can be classified into 4 groups as follows:cytotoxic drugs,biological response modifiers,chemosensitizers and chemoprotectants. Based on the theory of Chinese medicinal formulas,prescriptions are composed of four constituents,namely,primary constituent (main component of the formula prescription),minister constituent (second component of formula prescription),adjuvant constituent (adjuvant component of the formula prescription) and messenger constituent (component making the formula prescription targeting pathological tissues).To control the interaction among drugs and to modulate the interaction among the tumor,patient and drugs,we suggest that combined therapy for Western medicine might include 4 constituents,i.e.,primary,cooperative,adjuvant and modulatory constituent. Cytotoxic drugs frequently are used as primary and cooperative constituents,whereas biological response modifiers and biochemical modulators are usually regarded respectively as adjuvant drugs and modulatory constituents. We believe these new concepts may be helpful for the aim of appropriately designing,evaluating or providing combination therapy.

Ca^(2+) cytochemical changes of hepatotoxicity caused by halothane and sevoflurane in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats

AIM： To investigat the relation between hepatotoxicity of halothane and sevoflurane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats. METHODS： Forty-eight rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and randomly divided into six groups （eight in each group） and exposed to O2/N2/1.2 MAC anesthetics for 1 h： normal control （NC）, 21% O2/79% N2; hypoxic control （HC）, 14% O2/86% N2; normal sevoflurane （NS）, 21% O2/ N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; hypoxic sevoflurane （HS）, 14% O2/N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; normal halothane （NH）21%O2/79%N2/1.2MAC halothane; hypoxic halothane （HH）, 14%O2/N2/1.2MAC halothane. Liver specimens and blood were taken 24 h after exposure to calcium and determined by EDX microanalysis. RESULTS： The liver of all rats given halothane （14% O2） had extensive centrilobular necrosis and denaturation. Morphologic damage was accompanied with an increase in serum glutarnic pyruvic transminase. In groups NH and HH, more calcium was precipitated in cytoplasm and mitochondria. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that halothane increases cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration in hepatocytes. Elevation in Ca^2＋ concentration is implicated in the mechanism of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity. sevoflurane is less effective in affecting hepatic calcium homeostasis than halothane.

In vitro evaluation of transdermal permeation effects of Fu’s cupping therapy via six diffusion kinetics models

In this study,six kinetics models of indomethacin hydrophilic gel patch transdermal in vitro release was established,including zero-level,first-order,Higuchi-level,Ritger-Peppas,Weibull and Hixcon-Crowell dynamic equations.The chemical permeation enhancers,including 3%and 5%Azone,and iontophoresis were used as the control.Transdermal diffusion tests were performed in vitro and indomethacin was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography system.The transdermal parameter of the Higuchi and Weibull dynamic equations,indicated that Fu’s cupping therapy(FCT)could significantly improve Higuchi and Weibull kinetic parameters in vitro transdermal,increased transdermal rate and permeability coefficient,reduced lagging time.Additionally,statistical analysis speculated the skin barrier function could be restored after 46 h treatment.Hence,as a new physical transdermal drug delivery technology,transdermal permeation effects produced by FCT are obvious,which has the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and has important clinical application value.

Chemical shift assignments of two oleanane triterpenes from Euonymus hederaceus

1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techniques. Based on its NMR data, the assignments of 28-hydroxyolean-12-ene-3,11-dione (compound 2) were partially revised.

Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia with traditional Chinese medicine

Objective Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study aims to sort out the overall research progress,hotspots,and trends in this field,and provide reference for further research in ITP.Methods The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC),and PubMed.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31,2022.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,Carrot2,and Note-Express were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities,types,and journals,and for visualization of research hotspots,authors,institutions,and keywords.Results 1493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included.The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary,while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research.The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals,while English articles were published in 29 English journals.Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP,the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP,and the mechanism of ITP treatment.Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,clinical research,famous doctors’experience,TCM treatment,cellular immunity,and humoral immunity.The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou,respectively,and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao(Agrimoniae Herba),Nvzhenzi(Ligustri Lucidi Fructus),Mohanlian(Ecliptae Herba),Zhongjiefeng(Sarcandrae Herba),etc.,and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction(归脾汤),Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Bazhen Decoction(八珍汤),Erzhi Pill(二至丸),and Xiaochaihu De-coction(小柴胡汤).The main development trends toward retrospective study,TCM treatment mechanism,and data mining.