中药国圣一号对转化生长因子-β_1和白介素-6在肺纤维化模型大鼠肺组织中表达的影响

目的探讨中药汤剂国圣一号(丹参、生首乌、当归、败酱草、莱菔子等)对博莱霉素(BLM)A5所致大鼠肺间质纤维化的干预作用及其机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠48只,随机均分为空白对照组、BLM模型组、中药国圣一号治疗组、氢化考的松治疗组4组。大鼠气管内一次性注入BLM5mg/kg制成肺间质纤维化模型,模型制备后第2天,各组给予相应处理。4组动物分别于第14、28天各处死6只,提取肺组织,苏木精-伊红染色后进行病理半定量分析,并应用免疫组织化学法分析白介素(IL)-6和转化生长因子(TGF)-β1在肺组织的表达。采用分光光度法测定肺组织匀浆羟脯氨酸含量。结果应用BLMA5成功建立肺纤维化模型。中药国圣一号治疗组大鼠肺纤维化较BLM模型组明显改善,造模第28天TGF-β1明显下降,但对IL-6无抑制作用,总体疗效弱于氢化考的松治疗组。结论中药国圣一号具有显著抑制BLM致大鼠肺纤维化的作用,抑制TGF-β1的表达是其可能的机制之一。

肺纤维化大鼠肺组织P_(65)蛋白表达及中药的干预作用

目的探讨肺纤维化大鼠肺组织P65蛋白表达及中药国圣一号治疗肺纤维化的作用机制。方法48只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组12只。对照组气管内滴注生理盐水,模型组、中药组、氢化可的松组气管内一次性灌注博来霉素诱导肺纤维化,当天开始给予不同药物治疗。观察动物14天、28天肺组织炎症反应,纤维化形成,P65蛋白表达情况和中药对肺纤维化的治疗作用。结果①模型组肺泡炎及肺纤维化程度明显重于对照组(P<0.01)、中药组及氢化可的松组(P<0.05),中药和氢化可的松治疗后肺泡炎及肺纤维化明显减轻。②模型组肺组织中14天、28天P65蛋白的表达明显高于其它3组(P<0.01),28天P65蛋白表达较14天显著升高(P<0.05)。中药组及氢化可的松组肺组织P65蛋白表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论肺纤维化时肺组织P65蛋白持续表达,中药国圣一号可抑制NFκB活化起治疗作用。

中药对肺纤维化动物模型细胞因子表达的影响

目的:探讨中药国圣一号对纤维化肺组织TNF -α和IL- 8 表达的影响。方法:48 只Wistar 大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、氢化可的松组和中药组,分别于14d和28d观察肺组织病理改变,TNF -α及IL -8表达情况和中药对肺纤维化的治疗作用。结果:①中药和氢化可的松治疗后肺泡炎及肺纤维化较模型组显著减轻(p<0.05),纤维化程度与正常对照组无显著差异(p>0.05)。②模型组肺组织TNF- α、IL- 8表达显著高于其它三组(p<0.01),28 d时IL- 8 的表达较14 d时显著升高(p<0.05),中药组和氢化可的松组肺组织TNF -α、IL- 8 显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论:中药通过下调肺纤维化时肺组织TNF- α及IL-8表达起到治疗作用。

温阳散结中药诱导BEL-7402细胞凋亡的初步研究

目的 :探讨温阳散结中药的抗肿瘤机制 ,研究温阳散结中药诱导BEL 740 2细胞凋亡作用。方法 :采用细胞形态学、原位末端标记和流式细胞技术 ,观察温阳散结中药对BEL 740 2细胞的影响。结果 :BEL 740 2细胞经中药处理后 ,光镜下可见凋亡细胞的形态学特征性改变 ,TUNEL标记阳性 ,流式细胞仪分析DNA含量 ,在非凋亡细胞二倍体峰 (G1)之前细胞出现典型的凋亡细胞峰 (Ap峰 )。 0 0 0 5g·ml-1中药组和 0 0 1g·ml-1中药组发生凋亡的细胞数分别为 13 9%和 2 1 6 %。结论 :温阳散结中药可诱导BEL 740 2细胞发生凋亡 ,并有随浓度升高作用增强的趋势 ,实验结果表明 ,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是温阳散结中药治疗肝癌的作用机理之一。

杞红口服液质控研究

1 处方组成枸杞子提取液、β-胡萝卜素、维生素C、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠及羧甲基纤维素钠等组成的复方制剂。2 制法取枸杞子800g加水煎煮提取两次,1.5h/次,合并煎煮液,滤过,浓缩,静置过夜,取上清液,加水至1000ml,备用。取蔗糖、苯甲酸钠加水适量,煮沸使溶,滤过,趁热加入羧甲基...

Effects of Salinity and Dietary Chinese Herbal Medicine on Survival and Growth of Juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis as well as the promotion of Chinese herbal medicine.[Method] The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity（12‰,20‰ and 28‰）and dietary Chinese herbal medicine（CHM：0%,1%,2% and 4%）on survival and growth of juvenile F.chinensis with the average initial wet body weight of 0.027±0.005 g.The experiment lasted for 5 weeks.[Result] The survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient was increased with CHM level increasing;when attained the critical value,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient decreased with CHM level increasing.Food conversion ratio decreased with CHM level increasing,and then it increased after attained the critical value.At each CHM level,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient were highest at salinity of 20‰,while food conversion ratio was lowest at salinity 20‰.[Conclusion] Salinity and CHM had a significant effect on growth of F.chinensis,which should be paid more attention in the breeding.

Screening of Chinese Herbal Medicines Resistant to Chicken Escherichia coli and Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

[Objective] This study aimed to screen Chinese herbal medicines resistant to Chicken Escherichia coli and infectious laryngotracheitis virus. [Methed] Conven- tional punch method, test tube method and plate dilution method were adopted for in vitro susceptibility test of chicken E, coil strains O5 and O8 using 13 kinds of Chi- nese herbal medicines including Sanguisorba officinalis, Coptis chinensis, Anemar- rhena asphodeloides, Strobilanthes cusia, Agastache rugosa, etc.; chicken embryo inoculation experiment was adopted to screen Chinese herbal medicines resistant to chicken infectious laryngotracheitis virus. [Result] Sanguisorba officinalis, Fructus mume, Rheum officinale, Coptis chinensis, Herba Taraxaci, Anemarrhena asphode- Ioides, Scutellaria baicalensis and Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi had ideal antibacterial effect against chicken E. coil strain O5; Sanguisorba officinalis, Fructus mume, Rheum officinale, Coptis chinensis, Herba taraxaci and Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi had ideal antibacterial effect against chicken E. coil strain 08; other Chinese herbal medicines showed relatively poor or no antibacterial effect. Results of chicken embryo inoculation experiment showed that nine kinds of Chinese herbal medicines showed relatively strong anti-lLTV effect, including Forsythia suspensa, Radix Isatidis, Fofium isatidis, Flos Ionicerae, Radix codonopsis, Radix astragali, Atractylodes, Radix gly- cyrrhizae, and Pericarpium granati. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for fur- ther development of Chinese herbal compound preparations to treat chicken cofibacil- Iosis, infectious laryngotracheitis and other bacterial, viral diseases.

Current Issues and Development Strategies of Building the Discipline of Pharmacy Administration at Pharmacy Schools in China

The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.

Survey of HIV Infection among Injection Drug Users in Guangdong, China

Objective： To understand the prevalence and behavioral risk factors of HIV infection among injection drug users in the Pearl River Delta Region （PRDR） of Guangdong province, and to provide evidence for establishing effective intervention strategies. Methods： Face to face interviews were conducted and serum samples from injection drug users from detoxification centers and the community were collected for HIV screening. Results： 655 drug users were recruited and interviewed. The HIV seropositive rate was 29.0%. 99.5 % of subjects were injection drug users （IDUs）, of whom,75.4% reported sharing injection equipment. Conclusion： HIV prevalence among injection drug users is high in the PRDR of Guangdong. Injection drug use is the principal behavioral risk factor for HIV transmission. Pragmatic harm reduction programs should be implemented to prevent the spread of HIV infection.

Current Status and Development Strategies of TCMM Exportation in China

Low market share, small scale, inappropriate product structure, relativelyhigh market concentration, and heavy dependence on Asian markets such as Japan and Korea are some ofthe characteristics of the current exportation status of traditional Chinese medicinal materials(TCMM). The profound reasons for these problems lie in the cultural, technological and informativebarriers between TCMM and the international market as well as the underdevelopment of TCMMmodernization. Therefore, measures should be taken to enhance the cultural exchange and strategiccooperation in TCMM marketing with international organizations, implement a standardization of TCMM,establish information sharing and other supporting mechanisms, and accelerate TCMM modernizationand innovation.

黄蜀葵花总黄酮胶囊

属原中药国家Ⅱ类新药，按《新注册条例》为新药第五类；黄蜀葵花有效部位提取，有效成分含量超过58％；其中七个黄酮成分(单体)化学结构已鉴定确证，占总黄酮(TFA)含量85％。

RECENT PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF ANTICANCER DRUGS ORIGINATING FROM PLANTS AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINES IN CHINA

Drugs of plant origin have received much attention due to their enormous potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Recent progress in the study of anticancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China is reviewed in this paper, with particular emphasis on taxol, daidzein, acetyl boswellic acid,curcumin and ginsenosid Rh2.

Characterization of CagA variable region of Helicobacter pylori isolates from Chinese patients

AIM: To characterize the CagA variable region of Helicobacter pylori isolates from Chinese patients.METHODS: DNA fragments in CagA variable region were amplified and sequenced respectively from genomic DNA of 19 isolates from patients with gastric cancer and 20isolates from patients with chronic gastritis. The tendency of phosphorylation in tyrosine(s) of CagA proteins was evaluated subsequently by phosphorylation assay in vivo and in vitro respectively.RESULTS: About 97.44% (38/39) H pylori isolates possessed CagA gene. CagA+ strains contained 2-4tandem five-amino-acid motifs EPIYA but only one EPIYA had repeated sequence in CagA variable region in different isolates. There was no significant difference between the number of EPIYA motifs in H pylori from patients with different diseases. However, only tyrosine site in EPIYA within repeated sequence could be phosphorylated by AGS cells in vivo although all tyrosine sites in EPIYA could be phosphorylated in vitro.CONCLUSION: CagA in Chinese has no functional difference in perturbing cellular signal pathway among different H pylori isolates.

Review:Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine,science or myth?

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties, but western scientists have doubted the scientific validity of CHM due to the lack of scientific evidence from their perspective. Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of CHM. Experiments showed that CHM played its anticancer role by inducing apoptosis and differentiation, enhancing the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance (MDR), etc. Clinical trials demonstrated that CHM could improve survival, increase tumor response, improve quality of life, or reduce chemotherapy toxicity, although much remained to be determined regarding the objective effects of CHM in human in the context of clinical trials. Interestingly, both laboratory experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that when combined with chemotherapy, CHM could raise the efficacy level and lower toxic reactions. These facts raised the feasibility of the combination of herbal medicines and chemotherapy, although much remained to be investigated in this area.

Co-seismic Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Mapping in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Area,China

The Ms 8.0 May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides.The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses,and posed a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction.A spatial database,inventoried 43,842 landslides with a total area of 632 km 2,was developed by interpretation of multi-resolution remote sensing images.The landslides can be classified into three categories:swallow,disrupted slides and falls;deep-seated slides and falls,and rock avalanches.The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault,lithology,slope gradient,elevation,peak ground acceleration(PGA) and distance from drainage were analyzed.The distance from co-seismic fault was the most significant parameter followed by slope gradient and PGA was the least significant one.A logistic regression model combined with bivariate statistical analysis(BSA) was adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping.The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility:very low,low,medium,high and very high.92.0% of the study area belongs to low and very low categories with corresponding 9.0% of the total inventoried landslides.Medium susceptible zones make up 4.2% of the area with 17.7% of the total landslides.The rest of the area was classified into high and very high categories,which makes up 3.9% of the area with corresponding 73.3% of the total landslides.Although the susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future landslides and debris flows,and it is helpful for the rebuilding process and future zoning issues.

Acute and joint toxicity of three agrochemicals to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles

We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.

OBSERVATION OF THE EFFICACY OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION IN 62 CASES OF CHRONIC COLITIS

62 patients with chronic colitis were randomly divided into two groups. Acupuncture and moxibustion at acupoints such as Tianshu (St 25), Guanyuan (Ren 4) were applied in the treatment group, and western drugs were applied in the control group. The results showed that acupuncture and moxibustion had a marked curative effective with few side effects, and therefore was readily acceptable to the patients.

Salinity and Persistent Toxic Substances in Soils from Shanghai,China

Some farmland soils in Shanghai had high salinity levels, suggesting secondary salinization of the soils. The soil problems in Shanghai were studied, including the salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO -3 -N) concentrations, heavy metal pollution characteristics, and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residual levels and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. Accumulation of NO -3 -N in vegetable soils was the most significant among different functional soils. Heavy metal pollution was significant in the samples collected from the sewage-irrigated land and roadside. The identification of the metal sources through multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in urban soils were from the traffic pollutants; excessive application of fertilizer and irrigation were the main reasons for the metal pollution in agricultural soils; Ni in the observed soils was controlled by parent soils. OCPs could still be detected in farmland soils but degraded greatly in last 20 years after prohibition of their usage. PAHs with 2-3 rings were the main components in industrial soils. The concentrated PAHs in the investigated soils were likely from petroleum and coal combustion.

Screening the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25 tyrosine phosphatase, an activator of the mitosis-inducing p34^(cdc2) kinase

Objective: To screen and evaluate the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25phosphatase. Methods: The affinity chromatography purified glutashione-S-transferase/Cdc25A phosphatase fusion protein and Cdc2/cyclin B from the extracts of starfish M phase oocytes are used as the cell cycle-specific targets for screening the antimitotic constituents. We tested 9 extracts isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbs and vegetables including the agents currently used in cancer treatment by measuring the inhibition of Cdc25A phosphatase and Cdc2 kinase activity. The antitumor activity of the extracts was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry.Results: Cdc25A inhibitory activity and antitumor activity are detected in the extracts isolated from three Chinese medicinal herbs Agrimonapilosa; Herba solani lyrati; Galla chinesis. Conclusion: We found three extracts isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs have potential inhibitory activity of Cdc25 phosphatase using a highly specific mechanism-based screen assay for antimitotic drug discovery.