Five concentrations effects of nine herb powders against the confused flour beetle T. confusum have been studied under controlled conditions. The insecticidal effects of using powders on the egg, larval, pupal and adu...Five concentrations effects of nine herb powders against the confused flour beetle T. confusum have been studied under controlled conditions. The insecticidal effects of using powders on the egg, larval, pupal and adult stages of the insect showed that some of which （e.g., Foeniculum capillaceum and Anethum graveolens） have certain effects on the different stages of the studied insect even at the lowest concentrations. The mentioned herb powders showed very high mortality for egg stage reached 96.6% and 93.3% respectively at the lowest concentration and 100% at the highest concentration for both powders. Other powdered herbs showed prolonged effect of durations for larval stage. For example, Acorus calamus prolonged this duration to 34.2 days, at the first concentration while it was 25.4 days for control treatment. At the second concentration it was 53 and 41.5 days for An. gr. and Pimpinella anisum respectively, also Matricaria chamomilla showed similar effect at the 4th and 5th concentrations. Comparing with high numbers of progeny for the control treatment, also some powdered herbs showed high effect on respiration of the adults. The quantity of oxygen consumed by untreated beetles during the time of experiment （90 min） was so high than that of beetles treated with Ac. caL, Artemisia absinthium and AL sat. Moreover the internal systems of both sex males and females have been affected, ducts showing different changes when studied anatomically giving small size of ovarioles, deformed of accessory glands, swollen of stink glands with liquid oil. Majority of those males showed small testis. Most of the mentioned effects were happened as results of the powders of A c. cal., Al. sat., and Ma. ch., also the powders of F. cap., and A. abs., decrease the sizes of the testis, and accessory glands.展开更多
文摘Five concentrations effects of nine herb powders against the confused flour beetle T. confusum have been studied under controlled conditions. The insecticidal effects of using powders on the egg, larval, pupal and adult stages of the insect showed that some of which （e.g., Foeniculum capillaceum and Anethum graveolens） have certain effects on the different stages of the studied insect even at the lowest concentrations. The mentioned herb powders showed very high mortality for egg stage reached 96.6% and 93.3% respectively at the lowest concentration and 100% at the highest concentration for both powders. Other powdered herbs showed prolonged effect of durations for larval stage. For example, Acorus calamus prolonged this duration to 34.2 days, at the first concentration while it was 25.4 days for control treatment. At the second concentration it was 53 and 41.5 days for An. gr. and Pimpinella anisum respectively, also Matricaria chamomilla showed similar effect at the 4th and 5th concentrations. Comparing with high numbers of progeny for the control treatment, also some powdered herbs showed high effect on respiration of the adults. The quantity of oxygen consumed by untreated beetles during the time of experiment （90 min） was so high than that of beetles treated with Ac. caL, Artemisia absinthium and AL sat. Moreover the internal systems of both sex males and females have been affected, ducts showing different changes when studied anatomically giving small size of ovarioles, deformed of accessory glands, swollen of stink glands with liquid oil. Majority of those males showed small testis. Most of the mentioned effects were happened as results of the powders of A c. cal., Al. sat., and Ma. ch., also the powders of F. cap., and A. abs., decrease the sizes of the testis, and accessory glands.
