孕妇应禁用的中药草药

活血破气类，“活血”使血液循环加速，追血下溢，促胎外出；“破气”会使气行逆乱，气乱则无力固胎。这类中药有桃仁、红花、乳香和没药等。利下类，这类中药往往具有通利小便、泻下通腑的作用，常会伤阴耗气。如滑石、冬葵子、甘遂、大戟、芜花、巴豆、牵牛子、薏苡仁和木通等。大辛大热类，辛热之药有违成堕胎的危险。属这类的有附子、肉桂、川乌、草乌等。芳香渗透类，此类中药辛温香燥，有通胎外出之弊。如麝香、草果、丁香和降香等。有毒类，水银、硫黄等都会直接影响胎儿。

中药汤剂与中药颗粒剂比较分析

通过比较中药汤剂与中药颗粒剂在价格、调剂及煎煮方面对药物的溶解度和有效成分的溶出,表明中药汤剂和中药颗粒剂都有自己的优势和缺陷,在临床上应该加以灵活应用,相互补充。

中药内服外敷治疗顽固性瘙痒症20例的疗效观察

目的对20例皮肤瘙痒症患者通过中药内服外敷进行用药疗效分析和观察。方法选择年龄58～79岁老年患者20例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果中药内服外敷是根治顽固性瘙痒症的最佳选择之一。而引发顽固性瘙痒症的病因复杂,且在老年人中发病概率最大,常以夜晚发病概率最高,而运用中药进行中医治疗是临床最好根治的治疗手段。结论对于顽固性瘙痒症的患者需以中医医理以及施以中药进行治疗才是根治该症最佳的治疗方法和手段。

Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources with Bacteriostatic and Insecticidal Activities and Their Application as Pesticides

Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.

Wavy Distribution of Trace Elements in Phytolacca Samples from Different Areas

To study the distribution of 25 elements, i.e. Be, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er,Eu, Gd, Ge, Ho, La, Lu, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, Y, Yb and Zn in Phytolacca, atraditional Chinese medicinal herb, collected from nine areas of P. R. China. Methods Twenty-fiveelements in Phytolacca including essential elements, toxic elements and rare earth elements intraditional Chinese medicinal herbs from different areas were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results The 25elements in Phytolacca were determined by ICP-MS under optimized conditions. The detection limitswere 0.003 -0.71 ng·mL^(-1). The recoveries were 88% - 118% . The relative standard deviations ofthe measurements were 1.7% - 13.3%. Conclusion The determined concentrations of elements inPhytolacca acinosa Roxb vary from one area to another; however, the distribution tendency ofelements in all the samples is similar. The distribution tendency of rare earth elements inPhytolacca acinosa Roxb is consistent with that in nature.

Sensitivities of Vibrio vulnificus to Chinese Herbs and Effect of Medicinal Bath on Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus can cause rotten-skin disease in marine fish aquaculture, resulting in a large number of deaths. The occurrence of rotten-skin disease is becoming severer and severer, leading to serious economic losses. In this study, the sensitivities of V. vulnificus to the 18 kinds of herbs, such as stone calamus and Chinese rhubarb, were determined using the agar diffusion method （susceptibility paper）. The results showed that Chinese gall, dark plum, sea buckthorn and eucalyptus leaves have bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, while sappan wood, Chi- nese rhubarb, pomegranate bark, mentha and clove have strong bacteriostatic ef- fects. The Chinese medicinal herb bath showed good control effect on V. vulnificus.

Effects of Herbal Feed Additive on Milk Production of Dairy Cows

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal feed additive Zengrujianniusan on the milk production of dairy cows. [Method] Thirty-two black-white lactating cows were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with forage supplemented with 0 （control group）, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan for 60 d. During this period, the contents of fat, protein and non-fat solid in milk were measured every 20 d. [Result] The milk production of the cows whose forage was added with 0.2 %, 0.4 % and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan was 4.02%, 12.50%, 14.00% higher than that of the control （P〉0.05）. The herbal feed additive had no significant influence on the contents of fat, milk and non-fat solid in milk, but significantly reduced the number of somatic cells. [Conclusion] The study will provide reference for developing feed additives which is safe and non-toxic to cows and their milk.

Investigation on influencing factors of 5-HMF content in Schisandra

In order to investigate the influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde （5-HMF） content in Schisandra, confirm the theory of 5-HMF deriving mainly from Schisandra processing course, and give some suggestions about the Schisandra processing method, the 5-HMF contents in decoctions of Schisandra under different heating temperature, decocting time, soaking time, processing methods and treatment with different solvents before decocting the Schisandra were measured by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that there is great difference of 5-HMF level in decoctions from differently processed Schisandra and unprocessed Schisandra; decocting time of 60 rain has some effects on 5-HMF level in decoctions and there is certain quantity 5-HMF in processed Schisandra itself and very little 5-HMF in unprocessed Schisandra. Heating time, heating temperature and treating solvents all have effect on 5-HMF level in decoction of Schisandra. 5-HMF in Schisandra was mainly from processing course. Both long heating time and high heating temperature can increase 5-HMF level in Schisandra. The production of 5-HMF in Schisandra may have some relationships with some polar components, which can dissolve in water, ethanol and acetone, especially in ethanol. To control processing temperature, processing time and treatment with some solvent is very important for controlling 5-HMF level in Schisandra.

Review:Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine,science or myth?

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties, but western scientists have doubted the scientific validity of CHM due to the lack of scientific evidence from their perspective. Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of CHM. Experiments showed that CHM played its anticancer role by inducing apoptosis and differentiation, enhancing the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance (MDR), etc. Clinical trials demonstrated that CHM could improve survival, increase tumor response, improve quality of life, or reduce chemotherapy toxicity, although much remained to be determined regarding the objective effects of CHM in human in the context of clinical trials. Interestingly, both laboratory experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that when combined with chemotherapy, CHM could raise the efficacy level and lower toxic reactions. These facts raised the feasibility of the combination of herbal medicines and chemotherapy, although much remained to be investigated in this area.

Effects of drug serum of anti-fibrosis I herbal compound on calcium in hepatic stellate cell and its molecular mechanism

AIM: To investigate the effects of anti-fibrosis I herbal compound on intracellular Ca2+ in activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and to try to survey its molecular mechanism in treatment and prevention of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. METHODS: The activated HSC line was plated on small glass cover slips in 24 wells culture dishes at a density of 5×106 /mL, and incubated in RPMI-1640 media for 24 h. After the cells were loaded with Fluo-3/AM, intracellular Ca2+ was measured with laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The dynamic changes of intracellular Ca2+, stimulated by carbon tetrachloride, TGF-β1 antibody and the drug serum of anti-fibrosis I herbal compound and under orthogonal design were determined by LSCM. The effect of anti-fibrosis I herbal compound on intracellular Ca2+ was observed before and after the addition of TGF-β1 antibody. RESULTS: The intracellular Ca2+ were significantly different in different dosage of carbon tetrachloride anti-fibrosis I formula drug serum, TGF-β1 antibody and different turn of these substance, but their interval time between CCl4 and TGF-β1 antibody, CCl4 and anti-fibrosis I drug serum had no influence on intracellular Ca2+. The result showed intracellular Ca2+ wasn't significantly different between rat serum without anti-fibrosis I and untreated group. After carbon tetrachloride stimulation, intracellular Ca2+ of activated HSC increased significantly when the dosage of CCl4 from 5 to 15 mmol/L, however, decreased significantly after stimulation by 5-20 μg/mL TGF-β1 antibody or 5-20 mL/L drug serum. Moreover, before and after the addition of TGF-β1 antibody, intracellular Ca2+ was significantly different. These results suggested that the molecular mechanism was independent of blocking TGF-β1 effects. CONCLUSION: Anti-fibrosis I herbal compound may treat hepatic fibrosis and decrease portal hypertension by inhibiting activated HSC contractility through decrease of intracellular Ca2+.

Screening the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25 tyrosine phosphatase, an activator of the mitosis-inducing p34^(cdc2) kinase

Objective: To screen and evaluate the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25phosphatase. Methods: The affinity chromatography purified glutashione-S-transferase/Cdc25A phosphatase fusion protein and Cdc2/cyclin B from the extracts of starfish M phase oocytes are used as the cell cycle-specific targets for screening the antimitotic constituents. We tested 9 extracts isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbs and vegetables including the agents currently used in cancer treatment by measuring the inhibition of Cdc25A phosphatase and Cdc2 kinase activity. The antitumor activity of the extracts was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry.Results: Cdc25A inhibitory activity and antitumor activity are detected in the extracts isolated from three Chinese medicinal herbs Agrimonapilosa; Herba solani lyrati; Galla chinesis. Conclusion: We found three extracts isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs have potential inhibitory activity of Cdc25 phosphatase using a highly specific mechanism-based screen assay for antimitotic drug discovery.

Formula and Pharmacological Identification of Diarrhea Arresting and Dysentery Treating Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Livestock

This study was aimed to develop the Chinese herbal formula with dysentery arresting and antidiarrheal effect. [Method] The Chinese herbal for-mulation was used to carry out the clinical curative effect test and pharmacological test for il livestock. [Results] Curative effect test showed that the formula had good effect on abdominal pain, diarrhea and fecal changes of livestock, and the cure rate reached up to 92%. Pharmacological experiments showed that the formula had sig-nificant inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal motility of the tested animals, and the diarrhea arresting and dysentery treating effect of the formula was also extremely significant. In addition, the formula was safe for tested animals, proving to be reli-able. [Conclusion] The formula has distinct curative effect on treating white scour of piglets, yel ow scour of piglets, livestock gastroenteritis and lienteric diarrhea, and it can also be used in veterinary clinic, as wel as be used as feed additive.

Chemical Constituents of Euphorbia ebracteolata

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata. Methods Column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure, while the structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectral data. Results Six compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as baccatin (1), 3-acetyl-β-amyrin (2), 3,3′-diacetyl-4,4′-dimethoxy- 2,2′,6,6′-tetrah ydroxy diphenylmethane (3), 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl acetophenone (4), β-sitosterol (5), and daucosterol (6). Conclusion Baccatin was obtained from Euphorbia ebracteolata for the first time.

A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity

This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up to December 30, 2008. The search terms were ＂obesity＂ and （＇herbal medicine＂ or ＂plant＂, ＂plant medicinal＂ or ＂medicine traditional＂） without narrowing or limiting search elements. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included （19 human and 58 animal studies）. Studies with Cissus quadrangularis （CQ）, Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and caffeine, Slimax （extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan） showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant weight loss or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, caffeine and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQr ginseng, bitter melon, and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of obesity. Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents.

Relationship between alkaloid contents and growth environment of Yimu Cao (Herba Leonuri)

Objective: To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao (the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia) and its growing environment. Methods: Samples of the drug and the soil at the growing site collected from 5 selected regions. Reference materials were checked and on-the-spot observations were carried out to investigate the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the drug. Results: Different regions had different environmental conditions, including climate, soil, vegetation, and so on. No matter barren or fertile the soil at the growing site was, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the drug varied greatly. The drugs produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1l%-0.2%), where the soil is acid. Conclusion: The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the growing site soil were the factors correlating with alkaloid contents in the drug, among which the pH value of soil was an important positively correlating factor. The alkaline soils in North benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acid soils in South. The other probable elements affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao were climate and genetic factors.

Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of dislipidemia

Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids regulating effects of 9 herbs or their extracts and 5 herbal formulae which have been published in English-language literature are reviewed. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of these Chinese herbal medicines, few multi-center large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the efficacy and evaluate their safety.

中医微创配合四维牵引整脊法治疗膝骨性关节炎280例

目的:探讨中医微创,中药民间草药内服,配合四维牵引整脊法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:280例骨性关节炎患者,采用骨空针、针刀、巨勾针、松筋针等针具行膝关节周围和上下联络结合部软组织达到柔筋;以宗四维牵引法中的二维改良和整脊骨法等综合疗法使骨正而锁结自解,观察治疗效果。结果:中医微创松懈术配合四维牵引整脊法治疗膝骨性关节炎总有效率96.07%。结论:中医微创,中药民间草药内服,配合以宗四维牵引整脊法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎方法简便,使部分患者避免大手术接受膝关节人工关节置换术之苦。见效快,效果非常满意。

AN ANALYSIS FOR DEATH CAUSES IN 45 CASES OF LIVER CANCER TREATED WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE DRUGS

Among the 165 cases of late-stage liver cancer treated in our hospital,65(39.4%)died,with an average survival time of 8.1 months and a median survival time of 7 months.Among the 65 dead patients,45 were treated with traditional Chinese drugs and 20 withwestern medicine.The average survival time was 8.4 months in the former and 7.3months in the latter group.The direct causes of death for the 65 patients were hepaticcoma,severe hemorrhage of the upper digestive tract,Heyd’s syndrome,hepatorrhexis,respiratory failure,cardiac failure,etc.The incidence rates of hemorrhage of the upperdigestive tract and hepatorrhexis in the 45 patients treated with traditional Chinese drugswere obviously lower than those treated with western medicine.

Good Medicine Tastes Bitter

Feeling peaky？Let＇s learn some words on medicine in Chinese.Compared to西医（xi yi）,Western medicine,中医（zhong yi）,traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）,and Chinese herbs seem a little bit mysterious.The character for＂medicine＂in Chinese has a radical which means herb,probably because药草（yao cao）,Chinese medicinal herbs,are the fundamental elements of中药学（zhong yao xue）.