一款智能化精准控温杯的设计研究

长久以来,我国在以家庭为单位的中药煎煮与冲泡中呈现出在水量、温度、时间等各个方面无法定量的特点。同时,目前市面上的煎药壶无法计算与控制不同药材的浸泡时间、最佳煎煮温度等,造成中药资源的严重浪费。该研究通过对国内家用中药煎煮装置的研究及市场调研,结合人们对高端药材冲泡煎煮的需求及实际应用的可行性,设计一款智能化精准控温杯,通过黄金内胆和云端大数据库,精准控制药材煎煮温度,实现中药有效成分最大化析出,最大限度发挥中药汤剂作用。同时,搭配智能交互APP,让使用更便捷,实现传统中药煎煮、冲泡的再创新。

基于化学元素的部分中药药性量化方法的比较研究

目的基于中药的化学元素含量,通过不同分析方法获得中药药性的分类准确率,并对不同方法的分类准确率进行比较。方法从《中药理论量化与应用研究》中获得目标中药,采用Excel对目标中药的化学元素数据进行提取,基于IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件对单个中药药性和化学元素进行2个独立样本非参数检验,将具有统计学意义的关联元素作为自变量,通过二元Logistic回归分析、决策树算法、人工神经网络等方法对因变量(药性)进行分类预测。运用此类算法得到中药药性的相关变量、分类准确率及模型函数系数,并比较不同方法的分类效果。结果建立了含有105味中药、42种化学元素的初步元素数据库,对中药药性进行统计,获得四气、五味、归经的药性变量。通过非参数检验得到药性的相关因素,寒性的相关因素有Be、Sr、Ca、La;苦味的相关因素是Mn、Ni、K、Ca、V、Si、Co、Zn;脾经的相关因素有Ni、Bi、Co、Be、Eu、Ce、Nd、V、Pr、Sm、La、Dy。几种算法对寒性、苦味、脾经的分类预测准确率:二元Logistic回归分析分别是87.6%、91.4%、81.4%;决策树模型训练集分别为77.8%、87.7%、78.1%,检验集分别为69.7%、65.0%、62.5%;人工神经网络模型训练集分别为74.1%、73.7%、74.0%,检验集分别为54.5%、72.4%、67.9%。结论基于单因素分析获得药性的相关因素,通过二元Logistic回归、决策树、人工神经网络分析,揭示了中药药性与化学元素间存在一定联系。从分类准确率来看,决策树与神经网络训练集的准确率均高于检验集。决策树训练集、检验集平均分类准确率均高于神经网络。二元Logistic回归分类的准确率虽高于神经网络和决策树,但二元Logistic回归没有区分训练集和检验集。

基于多层前馈神经网络的中药药性量化研究

目的为解决中药药性描述的抽象、模糊导致难以准确把握其本质特性的问题,提出一种基于多层前馈神经网络(BP神经网络)的药向量训练(quantitative model of traditional Chinese medicine’s properties based on BP neural network,QM-BP)模型,实现中药药性的量化表示。方法首先对中药及其对应的功效进行整理,获得"中药-功效"样本对;其次,构建"中药-药向量-功效"3层结构的QM-BP模型,并利用中药的药性数据对模型进行初始化;最后,基于QM-BP模型使用"中药-功效"样本进行训练,得到BP药向量。结果将《中药学》教材所涉及的474味中药及其528个功效基于QM-BP模型训练并结合临床分析,发现训练后得到的BP药向量比药性的初始量化值更能反映中药的属性特征。此外,由于BP药向量与词向量具有相似的性质,发现功效相似的药物对应的BP药向量在欧几里得距离中距离较近,而功效差异较大的中药药向量在欧几里得距离中距离较远。结论利用BP神经网络构建药向量训练模型,在中药药性与功效具有关联性的基础上,对药性量化值进行修正,以期使药性量化值更精确。今后可优化QM-BP模型并开展药对、复方分析,以期探明中药药性及组方配伍中蕴藏的内在规律。

Quantitative similarity assessment of non-linear chemical fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine by similarity system theory

The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.

Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia with traditional Chinese medicine

Objective Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study aims to sort out the overall research progress,hotspots,and trends in this field,and provide reference for further research in ITP.Methods The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC),and PubMed.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31,2022.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,Carrot2,and Note-Express were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities,types,and journals,and for visualization of research hotspots,authors,institutions,and keywords.Results 1493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included.The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary,while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research.The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals,while English articles were published in 29 English journals.Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP,the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP,and the mechanism of ITP treatment.Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,clinical research,famous doctors’experience,TCM treatment,cellular immunity,and humoral immunity.The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou,respectively,and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao(Agrimoniae Herba),Nvzhenzi(Ligustri Lucidi Fructus),Mohanlian(Ecliptae Herba),Zhongjiefeng(Sarcandrae Herba),etc.,and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction(归脾汤),Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Bazhen Decoction(八珍汤),Erzhi Pill(二至丸),and Xiaochaihu De-coction(小柴胡汤).The main development trends toward retrospective study,TCM treatment mechanism,and data mining.

Research on the Degradation Kinetics Model in the Drying Process of Chinese Herb

Curative compositions such as catolpol in Rehmannia Glutinosa, flavone in Ophiopogon Japonicus and ginsenoside Re in Panax Ginseng in Chinese herbs were measured as the experimental indices by the method of high performance liquid chromatography under different drying conditions. The reaction order and parameters of the degradation kinetics model were determined and the model was verified by experiments. It was indicated that by comparing with the thin drying method, the prospective model could predict the degradation of curative compositions with drying time, temperature and moisture content of herbal materials with enough precision and could be used to simulate the degradation in the drying process of Chinese herb.

Carbon quantum dot preparation and application to detecting active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)are fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have been applied to biology,medicine,and optoelectronics,owing to their significant advantages such as simple synthesis methods,low cost,and widely available sources of raw synthesis materials.This review summarizes CQD preparation methods,which include hydrothermal and microwave-assisted synthesis methods,as well as separation methods such as centrifugation,dialysis,and filtration.Additionally,we review the application of CQDs in the detection of active ingredients,primarily phenolic compounds,in traditional Chinese medicine.We also discuss the quenching mechanism of CQD fluorescence using the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.Limitations such as insufficient test selectivity,weak fluorescence intensity,and an unclear quantitative relationship between preparation methods and properties should be resolved for the efficient use of CQDs to detect active ingredients in Chinese medicine.

方剂药性特征的表述方法及其应用

以单味药的药性为基础,以24个变量为基本指标,给出药性指标的量化方法 ,提出方剂药性特征的概念,并给出方剂药性特征的数学表达方法。以方剂药性特征为基础探讨消渴方的药性特征和寒凉类、温热类方剂的药性特征。结果表明,方剂药性特征能够反映方剂药性的基本性质,为进一步探讨方剂的配伍规律提供了新的思路。