Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in ea...Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development.展开更多
It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge, especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water. In this study, the hydrological process...It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge, especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water. In this study, the hydrological processes and re- charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin, China （in Beijing Municipality） were analyzed. The impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling, WetSpass and GIS. The results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation, while 72.54% is lost in the form of evapotranspiration. The annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland, grassland, urban land, and forest. Land use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 x 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area, with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005, respectively. This variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements, as well as a decrease of cropland.展开更多
Facing with the future increasingly changed economy environment, a company who wants to survive forever has to control the key point of owning person with ability and core competence. However, the main question needs ...Facing with the future increasingly changed economy environment, a company who wants to survive forever has to control the key point of owning person with ability and core competence. However, the main question needs to he solved is to design a motivational compensation system which not only have competence when compared with other companies but also have cohesive force for the staffand can evaluate them fairly. Salary should not just be the cost of paying for worker＇s labor but should have more functions to introduct them to obey orders and stimulate their activities. This essay has some reference to enrich the motivational compensation system by discussing the motivational plans in different period of a company and analyzing the actual working operation. This essay aims at applying present compensation theory to small and medium-sized enterprises to get some beneficial discoveries, concluding a compensation dcsign system which suits for the traits of small and medium-sized enterprises from the strategic level and technical level. As a result, we can improve our company＇s core competence.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neur...OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neurotrophin receptor p75 （p75TR）, in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke （CIS）, with the aim of exploring the possible mechanism of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs in recovery following in- jury to the central nervous system. METHODS： A cerebral ischemic stroke model in SD rats was established with the suture-occlusion method. Successful model rats were divided into placebo and herb groups at random; sham-operat- ed and control groups were set up simultaneously.Each of these groups was divided into six sub- groups at random. Expression of Nogo-A and p75TR was evaluated with immunofluorescence microsco- py at days 3, and weeks1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 after adminis- tration. RESULTS： Tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs suppressed the expression of Nogo-A and p75T （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Suppressing the expression of No- go-A and p75NTR is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying the ability of tonifying liver and kid- ney-essence herbs to promote recovery of the in- jured central nervous system.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of antithymocyte globulin （ATG）/antilymphocyte globulin （ALG） plus kidney-nourishing Chinese medicinal （KNCM） on se- vere aplastic anemia （SAA）. METHODS： Twenty-five subjects...OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of antithymocyte globulin （ATG）/antilymphocyte globulin （ALG） plus kidney-nourishing Chinese medicinal （KNCM） on se- vere aplastic anemia （SAA）. METHODS： Twenty-five subjects of severe aplastic anemia were treated with ATG/ALD plus KNCM be- tween 1992 and 2009, and the clinical data before and after treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS： Of the 25 patients, 9 were nearly cured, 6 were improved, 5 were in remission, and 5 failed. The overall effective rate was 80.0%. The 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, 15-year survival rate were respec- tively 98.6%, 97.3%, 97.3%, 67.5%, and median sur- vival time was 180 months. Compared to the condi- tions before administering the medication of ATG/ ALG plus KNCM, after 2 weeks, reticulocyte was first improved （P=0.001）, one month later, followed by palette （P=0.037）, two months later, by neutrophil cell in peripheral blood （P=0.001）; three months lat- er, then by the hemoglobin （P=0.012）. By conduct- ing 1-year follow-up, 1 case of complication--parox-ysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria （PNH） was identi- fied and the patient still alive today. CONCLUSION： ATG/ALG fect on SAA and could rate. plus KNCM had better ef- improve patients＇ survival展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41125005,41430636)Open Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Key Research Base of Social Sciences for Human Settlements(No.RJ14K04)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ3179)
文摘Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41101033)Program of International S & T Cooperation (No. 2010DFA92400)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 8082010)Non-profit Industry Financial Program of the Ministry of Water Resources (No. 200901091)
文摘It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge, especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water. In this study, the hydrological processes and re- charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin, China （in Beijing Municipality） were analyzed. The impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling, WetSpass and GIS. The results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation, while 72.54% is lost in the form of evapotranspiration. The annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland, grassland, urban land, and forest. Land use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 x 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area, with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005, respectively. This variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements, as well as a decrease of cropland.
文摘Facing with the future increasingly changed economy environment, a company who wants to survive forever has to control the key point of owning person with ability and core competence. However, the main question needs to he solved is to design a motivational compensation system which not only have competence when compared with other companies but also have cohesive force for the staffand can evaluate them fairly. Salary should not just be the cost of paying for worker＇s labor but should have more functions to introduct them to obey orders and stimulate their activities. This essay has some reference to enrich the motivational compensation system by discussing the motivational plans in different period of a company and analyzing the actual working operation. This essay aims at applying present compensation theory to small and medium-sized enterprises to get some beneficial discoveries, concluding a compensation dcsign system which suits for the traits of small and medium-sized enterprises from the strategic level and technical level. As a result, we can improve our company＇s core competence.
基金Suppored by Special Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the PRC(No.06-07LB21)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neurotrophin receptor p75 （p75TR）, in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke （CIS）, with the aim of exploring the possible mechanism of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs in recovery following in- jury to the central nervous system. METHODS： A cerebral ischemic stroke model in SD rats was established with the suture-occlusion method. Successful model rats were divided into placebo and herb groups at random; sham-operat- ed and control groups were set up simultaneously.Each of these groups was divided into six sub- groups at random. Expression of Nogo-A and p75TR was evaluated with immunofluorescence microsco- py at days 3, and weeks1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 after adminis- tration. RESULTS： Tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs suppressed the expression of Nogo-A and p75T （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Suppressing the expression of No- go-A and p75NTR is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying the ability of tonifying liver and kid- ney-essence herbs to promote recovery of the in- jured central nervous system.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of antithymocyte globulin （ATG）/antilymphocyte globulin （ALG） plus kidney-nourishing Chinese medicinal （KNCM） on se- vere aplastic anemia （SAA）. METHODS： Twenty-five subjects of severe aplastic anemia were treated with ATG/ALD plus KNCM be- tween 1992 and 2009, and the clinical data before and after treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS： Of the 25 patients, 9 were nearly cured, 6 were improved, 5 were in remission, and 5 failed. The overall effective rate was 80.0%. The 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, 15-year survival rate were respec- tively 98.6%, 97.3%, 97.3%, 67.5%, and median sur- vival time was 180 months. Compared to the condi- tions before administering the medication of ATG/ ALG plus KNCM, after 2 weeks, reticulocyte was first improved （P=0.001）, one month later, followed by palette （P=0.037）, two months later, by neutrophil cell in peripheral blood （P=0.001）; three months lat- er, then by the hemoglobin （P=0.012）. By conduct- ing 1-year follow-up, 1 case of complication--parox-ysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria （PNH） was identi- fied and the patient still alive today. CONCLUSION： ATG/ALG fect on SAA and could rate. plus KNCM had better ef- improve patients＇ survival
