“做中觉”:培养公共参与的根本途径

所谓＂做中觉＂,即强调让学生亲身体验,在实践中感知、反思、觉悟,最终实现知识的内化。自《中国学生发展核心素养》正式发布以来,＂学生核心素养培养＂成为新的教育改革热点。审视政治学科核心素养之＂公共参与＂要素,其内涵包括＂培养公民有序参与社会公共事务和国家治理,承担公共责任,维护公共利益,践行公共精神的意愿和能力＂等,体现了时代发展的必然要求。

Computational analysis of genetic loci required for amphid structure and functions and their possibly corresponding microRNAs in C. elegans

Objective To examine the important roles of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating amphid structure and function, we performed a computational analysis for the genetic loci required for the sensory perception and their possibly corresponding miRNAs in C. elegans. Methods Total 55 genetic loci required for the amphid structure and function were selected. Sequence alignment was combined with E value evaluation to investigate and identify the possible corresponding miRNAs. Results Total 30 genes among the 55 genetic loci selected have their possible corresponding regulatory miRNA（s）, and identified genes participate in the regulation of almost all aspects of amphid structure and function. In addition, our data suggest that both the amphid structure and the amphid functions might be regulated by a series of network signaling pathways. Moreover, the distribution of miRNAs along the 3＇ untranslated region （UTR） of these 30 genes exhibits different patterns. Conclusion We present the possible miRNA-mediated signaling pathways involved in the regulation of chemosensation and thermosensation by controlling the corresponding sensory neuron and interneuron functions. Our work will be useful for better understanding of the miRNA-mediated control of the chemotaxis and thermotaxis in C. elegans.

肉制品调香调味的整体策划与设计

本文从肉制品整体策划与设计的角度考虑,阐述了肉制品调香调味的一些重要概念,总结了肉制品调香调味的一般规律,提出了具有指导意义调香调味平台、盐的风味、味的落差与设计,及关键性应用数据.着重阐述了调香调味整体设计中应考虑的诸种因素 ,强调了突出企业肉制品调香调味主体风格和特色,体现个性化、多样化设计的重要性从而使调香调味更具理论性、应用性和数据化.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HYPOTHALAMIC MECHANISMS OF ANALGESIA INDUCED BY FOUR KINDS OF ACUPUNCTURE THERAPIES IN ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS RATS

Objective.. To compare the mechanisms of analgesia induced by four kinds of acupunture therapies at the trypothalamic level in adjuvant arthritic rats. Methods： Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into normal, model, electroacupuncture （EA）, filiform needle （FN）, pricking blood-letting （BL） and point injection （PI） groups, with 8 cases in each. EA （20-100 Hz, 2-4 V and duration of 20 min）, FN, BL PI were respectively applied to “Kunlun” （昆仑 BL 60）. Arthritis model was established by injecting complete Freund＇s adjuvant （0.1 mL） into the rat＇s right foot pad. Behavioral reactions, pain threshold （latancy of tail flick to heat stimulation） and local swelling severity （foot volurne） were detected; the cordents of β-endorphin （β-EP） and α- drenocortiootropin （ACTH） were assayed with radioimmunoassay; and the expression of pro-opi-omelanocortin （POMC） mRNA in hypot were determined with hybridization method. Results： The pain threshold was significantly enhanced by all the four kinds of acupuncture therapies, and the effects of EA and PI were more obvious （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The severity of local swelling was markedly alleviated by all the four kinds of acupuncture therapies （ P〈 0.01 ） without significant differences among them （P 〉 0.05）. The content of β-EP in the hypothalamus was obviously elevated by EA and FN （P〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）, and the effect of EA was more obvious, but no marked effect of BL or PI on β-EP was found （ P 〉0.05）. The content of ACTH in hypothalamus was considerably elevated by PI （P〈0.05）, but not by the other three therapies. The expression of PCMCmRNA in hypothalamus was significantly strengthened by EA and FN （P〈0. 01）, but not by the other two therapies. Conclusion：EA, flliform needle, blood-letting and point-injection all can produce analgesic effect in adjuvant arthritis rats, the effect of EA and filiform needie may be related to their resultant increase of hypothalamic β-EP, and that of point-injectiON related to the increase of hypothalamic ACTH level.

46 CASES OF INSOMNIA TREATED BY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER IRRADIATION ON AURICULAR POINTS

Insomnia is a commonly encounteredsymptom in clinical practice. The author hastreated it by using semiconductor laserirradiation on auricular points with satisfactorytherapeutic results. A report is presented asfollows.General DataIn this series, there were 46 cases

Experience in Differentiation and Treatment of Stubborn Insomnia

Stubborn insomnia is characterized by: a) a long course of illness, lasting over 3 months; b) ineffectiveness of the routine treatment; c) the patient can sleep no more than 2 hours at night; d) the patient has a low spirit, palpitation, poor memory, viscera function disorder, all seriously affecting the patient's life and work. The following is an account of the author's clinical experience in treating stubborn insomnia.

Robust visual servoing based Chinese calligraphy on a humanoid robot

A robust visual servoing system is investigated on a humanoid robot which grasps a brush in Chinese calligraphy task.The system is implemented based on uncalibrated visual servoing controller utilizing Kalman-Bucy filter,with the help of an object detector by continuously adaptive MeanShift(CAMShift) algorithm.Under this control scheme,a humanoid robot can satisfactorily grasp a brush without system modeling.The proposed method is shown to be robust and effective through a Chinese calligraphy task on a NAO robot.

Direct Visual Evidence for Neutral and Charged Hexaphyrin Aromaticity with and without Keto-Defect

We use density functional theory and time-dependent together with a set of extensive mul- tidimensional visualization techniques to characterize the influence of keto effect on charge distribution at ground state and electronic transitions for neutral and charged hexaphyrin aromaticity with and without keto-defect. It is found that the aromaticity is the key fac- tor to influence the ground state Mulliken charges distribution properties, other than the meso-aryl-substituted effect. But with the enhancement of the keto-defect, the distribution changes of Mulliken charges on the hexaphyrin groups are larger than those on the pentaflu- orophenyl substituted groups, following with the aromaticity changes from nonaromatic to aromatic. Furthermore, through characterizing by transition density and charge difference density, direct visual evidence for neutral and charged aromaticity with and without keto- defect can be clearly derived, and the ability of charge transfer between units of monoradical （nonaromaticity） and singlet biradical （aromaticity） forms is much stronger than that of neutral forms.

TCM Treatment of Diabetic Hearing Loss——An Audiological and Rheological Observation

35 cases (48 ears) of diabetic hearing loss were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the treatment group of 19 cases (25 ears) treated with drugs for nourishing the kidney-yin, invigorating blood circulation and removing blood stasis based on differentiation of symptoms and signs, and the control group of 16 cases (23 ears) treated with euglucon and other routine drugs. The results showed that the total effective rate for audition elevation in the treatment group was 52.0%, and that in the control group, 26.1%. In the treatment group, the rheological indexes were improved after treatment, the difference being very significant in comparison with those before treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01); while in the control group, except the whole blood low shearing specific viscosity, all the other 4 indexes were not statistically significant before and after treatment (P>0.05).

Who Populates the Visual Landscape of the ELT Coursebooks？： A Photo Analytical Exploration

The aim of this study is to portray and explore the variety of social actors depicted visually along the pages of the intermediate level ELT coursebooks that are published locally （by British and American publishers） and marketed globally （mostly to the EFL contexts）. For this, a thorough photo-ethnographic exploration of the visuals supported by the inventory of ＂social actor interaction network＂ is employed. In the field of Coursebook Analysis, visuals have attracted limited attention despite marking asocio-semiotically rich discursive field. In fact, the semiotic labor division between the ＂word＂ and the ＂image＂ in representing and reconstructing （simulating） the world, points to a gain on the part of the image as the brain is evolutionarily more experienced in processing visual information than processing verbal information. Therefore, images can appeal more directly to the sensory experience domains of the viewers via visual contact, evoking deeper consciousness. Acting as the prominent mediators of signification practice, visuals catalogue the representations and simulations of social-life viewed l^om a particular subject position associated with a particular set of norms, beliefs, and values. Hence, they position the viewers across dynamic loci of subjectivities in terms of social distance, relations, and interaction. As both reflections and reproductions of reality, images in the coursebooks have the potent to influence learners＇ perspectives of the world presenting them with readymade cognitive schemes. In order to reveal a comprehensive picture of the visually depicted social actors and the identity options made available through them, in this study the author focused on the peopled photos of the 6 popularly traded ELT coursebooks. The author investigated them regarding the relations of social distance, involvement, power and interaction formed between the depicted social actors and their viewers as well as the emergent practices of exclusion, role allocation, genericization, specification, assimilation, individualization, and categorization. The results show that the representational repertoires of the coursebooks contain disproportionately distributed visual depictions of social actors in terms of cultural orientation and gender. The ＂culturally different＂ are repeatedly pictured in assimilative ways as an aggregate of enumerable people, while the social actors of the reference group are usually pictured individually and with their own intended meaning.

The beauty in death： Emily dickinson＇s I felt a funeral, in my brain

As one of the greatest female poets in the nineteenth century of American literature, Emily Dickinson depicted the beauty in death with the unique secluded touch. Death, the most recurrent theme of her poems, is adequately unfolded in her I felt a funeral, in my brain. The beauty of death is revealed from visual and auditory perspectives.

A Visual Cultural Study of Pictorial Weekly in the Republican Period

Peter Burke once said, using images as historical evidence could not only stand as proof of political events, economic trend, and social structure, but also as an illustration of the history of daily life, material culture, mental state, and physical body. Photography is the extension of human vision, the appearance of which has changed the way in which people see the world, molded the subject identity of modernity, and participated in the social construction of visual modernity. To witness the history is not the only purpose of studying on photograph-based pictorials in the republican period, for which it is more important to provide visual reference for the construction of China＇s modernization, and to witness the multiplicity, mobility, and inner-diversity of modernity.

Ekphrasis in Houellebecq＇s The Map and the Territory as Mise-en-Abyme and as Metafiction

In Michel Houellebecq＇s novel The Map and the Territory （2010）, the references to visual art, painting, and photography take a central place in the narrative. In addition to the verbal representation of artworks, there is an entire system of commentary, interpretation, and criticism of art. The references to visual art appear explicitly as ekphrases which splice the narrative time and again. The unique nature of ekphrasis in The Map and the Territory lies in its representation of art devoid of an origin in the real wodd; for the paintings in The Map and the Territory do not exist in reality but are pure literary paintings, in the full meaning of the word, as the artworks mentioned in the story have an existence restricted to Houellebecq＇s novel. The article analyses the ekphrases in The Map and the Territory and argues that they are a virtual visuality mediated by words, employing solely the technique of ekphrasis as an enhancer of meanings in a text and thereby foregrounding its artifice. It further argues that the ekphrases are open to a field of interpretive possibilities by contemporary society, as every ekphrasis features within it subversion and a contemplation on contemporary reality

Study on Chinese painting freehand brushwork

In art of the canvas, the brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy is one of the important behavior means of the canvas, have independent aesthetic value at the same time, contemporary, one that is with pluralism, varied painting idea and painting skill and technique of art is great and abundant, traditional in the canvas works ＂ The brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy ＂ Already not merely can be spoken to the limit by the simple scribbling and wiping of pen, and Chinese comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy, technique of writing incorporate visual language and spiritual intension created that can enrich the picture greatly in the canvas is created. This text attempts to canvass the canvas and create the feasibility that incorporated into comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy and expansionary from two respect factors of cultural idea and skill and technique and tool material.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON 219 CASES OF ARM-NUMBNESS TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE AT THE EXPERIENTIAL POINT BILING

The authors found an experiential point, called ’Biling (臂灵)’, in the treatment of arm-numbness due to various causes. 219 cases of patients were thus treated with good therapeutic effect as reported in the following.

人工耳蜗植入患者电听觉的研究

人工耳蜗植入患者电听觉的研究曹克利，师秀珍，张志勇，王轶，王直中人工耳蜗植入治疗重度感音神经性耳聋是利用声电换能装置取代已丧失功能的耳蜗，而使聋人获得音感的，个研究通过对植入耳蜗电极的患者进行电听觉测试，了解其物理参量的特性以及与正常听觉的关系、为耳...

Visual interpretability for deep learning：a survey

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations.Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance in various tasks,interpretability is always Achilles' heel of deep neural networks.At present,deep neural networks obtain high discrimination power at the cost of a low interpretability of their black-box representations.We believe that high model interpretability may help people break several bottlenecks of deep learning,e.g.,learning from a few annotations,learning via human–computer communications at the semantic level,and semantically debugging network representations.We focus on convolutional neural networks(CNNs),and revisit the visualization of CNN representations,methods of diagnosing representations of pre-trained CNNs,approaches for disentangling pre-trained CNN representations,learning of CNNs with disentangled representations,and middle-to-end learning based on model interpretability.Finally,we discuss prospective trends in explainable artificial intelligence.

Observation on therapeutic effects of acupuncture plus Chinese herbs for sudden deafness

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of wind-expelling method of acupuncture and Chinese herbs for sudden deafness. Methods： A total of 90 cases with sudden deafness were randomly divided into three groups based upon their visit order and random digital table, an acupuncture plus Chinese herbs （APCH） group, an acupuncture group, and a Western medication （WM） group, 30 cases in each group. The APCH group was treated by puncturing Fengchi （GB 20）, Fengfu （GV 16） and Fengmen （BL 12）, without retaining the needles, and then by puncturing Zhongwan （CV 12）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Qihai （CV 6） and Tianshu （ST 25） with reinforcing technique after arrival of the needling sensation, and the needles were retained for 30 min, plus oral administration of wind-expelling Chinese herbs. The acupuncture group was treated with the acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation in reference to the textbook of Acupuncture ond Moxibustion Science. The WM group was treated by intravenous infusion of Alprostadil injection, Adenosine Disodium Triphosphate and Coenzyme A and muscular injection of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin BI. The decibel values of hearing loss before and after treatment were respectively recorded and analyzed comparatively. Results： In the intra-group comparison after treatment among the three groups, the decibel values of hearing loss all declined, with statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. After treatment, the decibel value of hearing loss in the APCH group was better than those in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05） and the WM group （P〈0.05）. The total effective rate was respectively 83.3% in the APCH group, 60.0% in the acupuncture group and 56.7% in the WM group. The total effective rate in the APCH group was better than those in other two groups （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect was better for sudden deafness by wind-expelling method of acupuncture and Chinese herbs than by acupuncture alone or by Western medication.

New organic scintillation fiber detector for the measurement of intense pulsed fission neutron

To measure the pulsed neutron of a pulsed fission source, an organic scintillation fiber （OSF） detector with separation structure has been designed. The proposed detector employs UV optical fibers as the light guide, and the sensitive region of the detector is composed of a linear array of OSFs, which are individually connected to the optical fibers. The other end of the light guide is coupled to a photomultiplier tube. The key properties of the device including the energy response, time response, neutron sensitivity, and radiation effect of the optical fiber were studied. The detector has a relatively high n/γ sensitivity ratio, which increases as the diameter of the OSF decreases, and ratios greater than 10 could be achieved when the diameter of the OSF is less than 0.3 nun. The sensitivity of the detector to neutrons ranges from 10-14 to 10-20 C cm2/n, and has a response time of 3 ns （FWHM）. The proposed detector is also highly flexible. For instance, the probe can be set close to the source, while the PMT can be placed far away from radiation, allowing easy shielding. Due to these characteristics, pulsed fission neutrons in the vicinity of the source can be accurately measured.

Academic Discourse Right/Power and the Development of Chinese Sociology

As a kind of right （quanli 权利）, academic discourse rights include the right to create and innovate, to endow with meaning and to academic autonomy. As a kind of power （quanli权力）, it refers to the power to guide, judge, control and so on. These rights and powers have been pursued as Chinese sociology developed for over a century. At the inception of sociology in China, Yan Fu and other scholars experimented with localizing sociology and innovating academic discourse. Fei Xiaotong＇s life covered nearly 20 years of Chinese sociology＇s early development and another 56 years of its later development; his academic journey epitomizes the historical development of Chinese sociology. The only way for Chinese sociology to move from the periphery of world academia into the center is to endeavor, on the basis of theoretical self-consciousness, to seize the commanding heights of academic discourse rights.