枢纽机场中转水平度量评价研究

为了全面分析我国主要机场的中转能力,准确把握我国枢纽机场建设中存在的问题,从机场航线网络的布局和航班时刻编排的角度,构建了中转水平度量模型。从模型可得到枢纽机场所能提供的中转机会和中转质量,利用模型对我国和美国的主要枢纽机场进行实证研究。结果显示,在吞吐量相当的情况下,中美两国国内枢纽机场的中转水平均高于其他类型的枢纽,美国主要枢纽机场的中转水平普遍高于我国机场。中转水平度量模型为我国枢纽机场评价指标体系的构建奠定了基础,对完善航线网络的结构和航班时刻的编排,提高中转水平等具有指导意义。

大型枢纽机场中转水平评估研究

为了有效评估我国枢纽机场的中转水平,全面掌握枢纽机场发展中所面临的问题,构建了大型枢纽中转水平评估模型,并以中美欧三个国家和地区典型的大型枢纽为例进行实证分析。研究表明,与美国和欧洲大型枢纽的中转水平相比,我国大型枢纽的中转水平仍有很大差距;我国国内中转航班的中转水平远远低于美国,国内国际互转航班的中转水平与美国相当,国际转国际航班的中转水平高于美国;与欧洲三大国际枢纽的中转水平相比,我国北京首都机场与国际相关的水平中转仍有所不足。

考虑航班波结构特征的机场中转水平研究

目前我国机场航班波处于初步构建阶段,机场旅客中转比率较低。为了有效评估并改善我国机场中转现状,在考虑航班时刻编排、航线网络空间布局的基础上,增加了相对强度指标与服务质量指标,构建了机场中转水平评估模型,并根据机场航班波结构特征以及中转水平评估结果,探究航班波结构对机场中转水平的影响。选择2019年旅客吞吐量排名前10位的机场进行实证分析。首先通过模型对比,表明本文模型在机场中转水平评估过程中更符合机场中转实际运行情况,验证了模型的有效性;其次,研究航班波结构对机场中转水平的影响:(1)对不同航班波结构的机场中转水平进行分析,表明航班波结构能够增加航班在时空等维度上衔接的可能性,提高机场中转水平应通过构建或优化航班波,为旅客中转提供最大程度的衔接便利。(2)对相同航班波结构的机场中转水平进行分析,发现机场中转水平因国际、国内航班占比不同而存在显著差异,机场应更加注重国内转国内类型时刻资源的优化配置。研究结论可为航班波设计以及机场中转水平提升提供具体措施。

面向中转水平提升的枢纽机场航空公司航站楼分配优化

枢纽机场通常建设运营多座航站楼以适应不断增长的旅客运输需求。为改善旅客出行体验,提升机场中转水平,本文提出枢纽机场航空公司航站楼分配优化问题。从降低跨航站楼中转旅客数量和促进同航系航司协同运营的角度出发,构建多目标线性规划模型,并设计改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法。分别使用CPLEX和改进NSGA-Ⅱ求解小规模算例,并应用于某国际枢纽机场实例,结合TOPSIS方法针对实例求得的Pareto解集进行进一步决策。与现行方案相比,CPLEX和改进NSGA-Ⅱ优化方案对应的跨楼中转旅客数量分别下降41.48%和43.51%,同航系航司跨楼数量分别减少80%和70%。结果表明,所提方法能够充分兼顾旅客与航司利益,促进机场中转水平提升,可为枢纽机场航司航站楼分配方案的制定提供决策支持。

考虑旅客跨楼中转的航空公司所属航站楼分配优化研究

针对多航站楼枢纽机场跨楼中转效率低下的问题,以提升枢纽机场中转水平为目标,本文提出航站楼分配优化模型,优化航空公司在各航站楼归属分配布局。为兼顾航空公司的便利需求,提升中转旅客的出行体验和降低机场运营成本,以年跨楼中转旅客数量、同航系航空公司间跨楼中转组合数量、年旅客跨楼中转总时间和年跨楼国际/港澳台中转旅客数量最小为目标,考虑航站楼容量限制和航空公司旅客处理能力限制等因素,建立多航站楼航空公司分配优化多目标整数规划模型,并设计模拟退火和自适应粒子群(SA-APSO)的混合优化算法求解模型。选取西南地区某枢纽机场进行实例分析,首先,使用SA-APSO算法求解小规模算例,结果显示,优化后的各目标分别降低了14.51%~50.00%,且各目标函数值在算法整体运行多次后变化幅度较小,验证了模型和算法的有效性及算法的稳定性。随后,使用SA-APSO求解大规模算例,得出不同目标权重组合对应的最优方案,结果显示,优化后的各目标分别降低了26.86%,28.33%,89.91%和28.84%。研究结果表明:所提出的模型和算法可以充分兼顾航空公司、中转旅客和机场这三方利益,满足各航站楼容量和航空公司旅客处理能力限制的同时,提高旅客跨楼中转效率,降低机场运营成本,满足航司便利需求,进而增强枢纽机场中转吸引力,为多航站楼枢纽机场的航空公司航站楼分配优化提供理论和方法指导。

The effect of rural labor migration on poverty alleviation:a village-level study in China

The construction of the new socialist countryside is being carried out in China nowadays. Although lots of successful experience has been gotten, different problems occur in various regions yet. To analyze the relationships among rural labor migration, poverty alleviation and characteristics of migrants is important in considering the effect of rural labor migration on the construction of the new. socialist countryside, Available sampling and typical case study are adopted and 236 questionnaires are collected from four villages in northwest GuangxL China, Daxin, Lixin, Longhe and Yongehang, We analyze the rural labor migration status, characteristics of migrants, remittance situation and income, household income and the ratio of remittance income to total household income. About 2/3 of the households have migrants in surveyed villages. And nearly half of the migration households have only one family member as migrants in the four villages. The migrants mainly comprise male and the younger, with the education level of junior middle school and higher More than half of the migrants are employed in Guangdong Province. But the characteristics of migrants in Yongchang are more diverse. The rural labor migration in the village is extremely active and extensive. And over 60% of the household with family members as migrants have remittance income. The rate in Yongchang is extremely high （80%）, And the income of households with migrants getting remittance income is significantly higher than their counterparts. More than half of their income comes from remittance as far as the former kind of household is concerned And in Yongchang, the rate is nearly 80%. The conclusion is that rural labor migration is popular and extensive in lots of villages. And the migration and remittance play an important role in rural household income, especially in some poor villages. For this kind of village, the rural labor migration may be some ＂compulsory course＂ in rural development. And the rural labor emigration is an essential way in poverty alleviation. This is the first step in the construction of the new socialist countryside.