论亚里士多德的中道说

中道是亚里士多德伦理学中的重要范畴,体现了与其形而上学、心理学、生物学的一致性。认真审视中道说,则可知其不仅包含中道观、中道方法,更内蕴着深刻的中道精神,即至善是理性和欲望的契合;意味着德性论和规范论的统一;意味着众人之治好于个人之治。

论张载的“中道”观

中道观是儒学思想的重要组成部分,古代学者如朱熹、王夫之等已经注意到张载的中道观。在张载的中道观中,"太虚即气""德合阴阳"说是本体论基础,"参和"说是核心内容,中道修养则要求"两端并进"以"尽性成性","德性所知"是中道认识的核心。在天人合一、体用合一、知行合一等方面,张载中道观均可给后人以方法论启迪。

The Therapeutic Effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid for the Syndrome of Heat Accumulation with Yin Consumption in Esophagus Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy——A Report of 60 Cases

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid on the syndrome of heat accumulation with Yin consumption in intermediate or late esophagus cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: The IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 levels in sera were determined by the method of ABC-WLISA before and after the treatment with Rehmannia Oral Liquid. At the same time, the observation was carried out on the patient's general condition, symptoms and signs, barium meal or CT examinations, and biopsy. Another 30 cases of esophagus cancer were treated singly with radiotherapy as the control group. Results: Rehmannia Oral Liquid could obviously improve the patient's general condition, and the symptoms and signs after radiotherapy. Based on the X-ray examination and biopsy, the short-term local control rate of the treatment group and the control group was 70.0% and 40.0% respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). Before the treatment, the level of serum IFN-α of both cancer groups was lower and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 were higher than that of normal group. After treatment, the level of IFN-α in both treatment group and control group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the treatment group improved more obviously than the control group (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α of both groups decreased significantly (P<0.01) after treatment, and the level of IL-1β decreased in treatment group and increased in control group without the significant difference as compared with that before treatment. The level of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in control group (P<0.05) and decreased in treatment group (P>0.05) after treatment. The difference between groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rehmannia Oral Liquid can obviously reduce the radiotherapy reaction, improve the quality of life, and raise the therapeutic effects. The action mechanism of the Liquid may lie in balancing the cytokine network and regulating the disordered signal transmission.

Characteristics of water exchange in the Luzon Strait during September 2006

The Luzon Strait is the only deep channel that connects the South China Sea(SCS) with the Pacific.The transport through the Luzon Strait is an important process influencing the circulation,heat and water budgets of the SCS.Early observations have suggested that water enters the SCS in winter but water inflow or outflow in summer is quite controversial.On the basis of hydrographic measurements from CTD along 120° E in the Luzon Strait during the period from September 18 to 20 in 2006,the characteristics of temperature,salinity and density distributions are analyzed.The velocity and volume transport through the Luzon Strait are calculated using the method of dynamic calculation.The major observed results show that water exchanges are mainly from the Pacific to the South China Sea in the upper layer,and the flow is relatively weak and eastward in the deeper layer.The net volume transport of the Luzon Strait during the observation period is westward,amounts to about 3.25 Sv.This result is consistent with historical observations.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Road Network and Road Development Pri-ority in Three Parallel Rivers Region in Yunnan,China:An Evaluation Based on Modified Kernel Distance Estimate

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.

Problems of Moral Education in China＇s Schools and Solutions

School moral education is an important part of education, which concerns the students＇ growth and development in mental health. How to conduct moral education to help the students shape good moral norm is an issue frequently discussed in the academic area. This paper probes into this issue from the formation of incorrect outlooks towards wealth and power, discusses the risks of apparently incorrect moral education, and suggests the right moral education ways, combined with some specific cases： return to the true state of morality in the concept of moralization; conduct the students＇ sense of value through teaching activities in the content of moralization; and of moralization. distinguish between good and evil in moral conflict in the way

Village-level multidimensional poverty measurement in China: Where and how

Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error(LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages' poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that:(1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang.(2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions.(3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type.(4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of pov-erty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources.