社区文化建设在中部城市经济发展中的作用及途径

在阐述社区文化所具有的导向、约束、凝聚功能基础上,分析城市社区文化的作用,如有利于创造老年人的理想家园,为儿童素质培训提供基地,缓解社区成员工作压力。提出加强城市社区文化建设的途径:政府建立和完善管理机制,建设社区文化队伍及网络,开展丰富多彩的社区活动等。

内蒙古中部凉城地区紫苏斜长麻粒岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

对内蒙古中部凉城地区的紫苏(二辉)斜长麻粒岩进行了同位素地质年代学、岩石学和岩石地球化学研究,探讨了其形成时代和构造背景。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得紫苏斜长麻粒岩岩体的年龄为(1935±9)Ma,属古元古代;研究表明该岩体形成于板内构造环境,在19亿年左右,研究区有地幔上涌并伴随玄武质岩浆的底侵作用,底侵玄武质岩浆作为岩体在下地壳就位,并发生麻粒岩相变质作用。

Spatial Structure of Central Places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration, Jilin Province, China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.

The influence of urbanization on karst rivers based on nutrient concentration and nitrate dual isotopes： an example from southwestern China

China is experiencing rapid urbanization that has changed the water quality of rivers, especially nutrient loads. In this study, a typical urban river located in a karst area, Chengguan River, was chosen to explore the influence of urbanization on river ecosystems based on nutrient concentration and nitrate isotopes. The results show monthly variability of water chemistry and nutrient concentration. Nutrient concentration in two tributaries and the mainstem showed significant spatial variability, with heavy N and P pollution in one tributary near a suburban area,indicating a response to different levels of urbanization.Measurements of nitrate dual isotopes suggest thatvolatilization, assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification all occur in the polluted river. Water chemistry and nitrate isotopes show that major nitrogen sources included domestic waste and agricultural input, such as chemical fertilizer and manure. The results suggest that urbanization increases nutrient concentrations and accelerates the riverine nitrogen dynamic, and point to the need to manage point sources of sewage effluents to improve the water quality of urban rivers in southwestern China.

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness:Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula,Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually,concretely including five aspects:driving forces for tourism development,the level of tourism development,tourism impacts,tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration.As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness,systematicness and dynamicness,the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness,aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration.Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area,the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020,and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.

Characteristics of N Mineralization in Urban Soils of Hefei,East China

Nitrogen cycling has been poorly characterized in urban ecosystems.An in-situ buried bag incubation technique was used to quantify net rates of N mineralization and nitrification in soils of two urban sites,a street greening belt and a university campus,and a suburban site,a forest park,in Hefei,East China.The average concentration of extractable NO 3 in the surface soil (0-10 cm) was significantly higher at the urban sites than the suburban park site,whereas extractable NH + 4 concentration was significantly higher at the suburban park site than the urban sites.The forest park soil had greater potential N mineralization (148.1 μg N cm 3) than the soils from the campus (138.3 μg N cm 3) and street (99.8 μg N cm 3).The net mineralization rates varied between 1.63 and 2.69 μg N cm 3 d 1 and net nitrification rates between 0.82 and 1.02 μg N cm 3 d 1 at the suburban forest park site,but the rates varied from 1.27 to 2.41 μg N cm 3 d 1 and from 1.07 to 1.49 μg N cm 3 d 1,respectively,at the urban campus site.Both net mineralization and nitrification rates were lower during dry seasons.Results from regression analysis indicated that net N mineralization was significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture and soil C/N ratio,and was negatively correlated with soil pH.Relative nitrification was,however,significantly and negatively correlated with soil moisture and soil C/N ratio,and was positively correlated with soil pH.Mean relative nitrification was 0.763,indicating the dominance of nitrate cycling relative to ammonium cycling at the urban sites.The urban soils had the great potential for N losses compared to the suburban soils.

Industrial Agglomeration Externalities, City Size, and Regional Economic Development： Empirical Research Based on Dynamic Panel Data of 283 Cities and GMM Method

Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.

Urban Expansion and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City,China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.

中部梦幻城

我的家乡是靖安，那里的景色可美了.我觉得，最美丽的还数中部梦幻城了.

China's Global Shipping Connectivity:Internal and External Dynamics in the Contemporary Era(1890–2016)

China's global shipping connectivity had been somewhat overlooked as the bulk of related studies predominantly focused on the throughput volume of its own port cities. This article tackles such lacunae by providing a relational perspective based on the extraction of vessel movement archives from the Lloyd's List corpus. Two complementary analyses are proposed: long-term dynamics with all ships included(1890–2008) and medium-term dynamics focusing on container flows(1978–2016). Each analysis examines China's maritime connectivity in various ways and on different spatial scales, from the global to the local, in terms of concentration, vulnerability, and expansion. The main results underline the influence of technological, economic, and political factors on the changing distribution of connectivity internally and externally. In particular, China has managed to reduce its dependence upon external transit hubs, to increase the internal connectivity of its own port system, and to strengthen its dominance towards an increasing number of foreign nodes and trade partners through the maritime network.

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF EASTERN CHINA ON PRECIPITATION AND ITS UNCERTAINTY

Climate effect caused by urbanization has been an indispensable anthropogenic factor in the research on regional climate change.Based on daily precipitation data,possible effects of precipitation on the development of three city groups in eastern China are discussed.With three classification methods(TP,PD and MODIS land cover),urban and rural stations are identified.The main findings are as follows.Climate effects caused by urbanization are different from place to place.In 1960 to 2009,the urbanization brought more precipitation to the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta city groups but had no obvious effect on the precipitation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan city group.The difference of precipitation is slight between urban and suburban areas during slow period of the urbanization from 1960 to 1979.It is more evident in the rapid period(1980 to 2009) that urbanization has positive effects on precipitation in every city group.The difference of precipitation between urban and rural stations is sensitive to the ways of distinguishing rural from urban area,which may cause uncertainties in 1960 to 1979,while it is very different in 1980 to 2009 in which urbanization favors more precipitation in all city groups and their differences in precipitation are not sensitive to the division methods.

Shifts in the Cervo Stream near Vercelli （16th-17th Century）

In the 16th-17th century, the Cervo stream flowed N-S, following the northern and eastern margins of the city of Vercelli, in northwest Italy. For centuries, the stream served as a waterway, as a gravel quarry, and for fishing. Besides being an important resource, the Cervo stream was also a constant threat to the integrity of the urban centre of VerceUi： Erosion was very high along the right bank and continuously damaged the city walls, as well as the eastern settlements between the city and the stream （＂Borghetto＂）. In the 16th-17th century, according to records of the Vercelli municipality, there is often reference to the ＂damage＂ to the city walls or to the city itself caused by stream flooding and erosion. There is also reference to the numerous attempts made to shift the course of the stream eastward, away from the city.

Survey and establishment of Nanshimenzi Bed of Tiaojishan Formation in Qinglong,northern Hebei,China

In recent years,many fossil vertebrates,including feathered dinosaurs,have been discovered at Nanshimenzi village,Gangou Town,Qinglong County,Hebei Province,China.A geological section including the fossil-bearing strata was measured at Nanshimenzi,to determine the exact geological age and sedimentary characteristics of the section,and a new lithostratigraphic unit was named as the Nanshimenzi Bed.The Nanshimenzi Bed is about 56.6 m in thickness,mainly consisting of gray sandstones and siltstones and containing fossil vertebrates and several coal streaks.On the basis of survey and comparison,the Nanshimenzi Bed should be assigned to Tiaojishan Formation and probably to the upper part of the formation.

Observed Climate Change in East China during 1961-2007

By using in situ daily observations in East China during 1961-2007 and NCEP reanalysis data, the methods of statistical analyses, urban minus rural and observation minus reanalysis, it is revealed that the observed climate change and surface warming in East China were mainly induced by urbanization. The results show that East China has experienced two warmer periods of 1930s and 1980s in the past century; from 1951 to 2007, the regional mean temperature increased at a rate of 0.14℃ per decade; heat waves happened in urban center more frequently, and local climate showed a warming and dry trend; there was no significant linear trend in regional mean precipitation in the past 50 years. Urbanization was a crucial element for the regional warming; about 44% of the warming was due to heat island effect in the mega city.

Research Characterized the Physical Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Civil Construction Wastes

One of the big problems of the urban centres of the cities in Brazil is the growth of the generation of the Civil Construction Waste （CCW）. A disturbing concern for the public and private sectors is to find proper disposal of Urban Solid Waste （USW） in large cities, since suitable dumping sites for this waste are increasingly scarce due to the spread and development of large urban centres. In general, recycling is currently one of the procedures most studied by researchers for disposal of such waste. In this context and aiming a new application for recycled CCW aggregates, the research characterized the physical properties of the material to use in fill compaction piles in soil improvement. The analysis shows results from laboratorial tests executed in CCW recycled samples, which came from works in different construction stages from Recife-PE, and natural aggregate, adopted as a reference. Characterization tests were performed with samples CCW recycled CLue aggregates and samples of natural fine aggregate （stone powder）. The results of characterization tests showed similarities between the CCW samples tested and the reference samples, indicating that the civil construction wastes has potcntial use as material for consolidation piles in foundation works.

Effect of Hue Citadel on the Layout of Traditional Garden Houses Located in Its Area, Vietnam

In Hue, the city located in the middle region of Vietnam, the Citadel is known as the place of the last Dynasty in the history of Vietnam, Nguyen （1802-1945）. Whereas Nguyen Kings lived in the Purple Forbidden City （the third wall of the Citadel）, other members of royal families and high-ranking mandarins lived in Hue Traditional Garden Houses （HTGHs） constructed around and in the Citadel area. This paper is a part of the research that focuses on an approach for sustainable live conservation and application of HTGHs into contemporary use. In this paper, the study aims to consider effects of the Citadel on the layout and arrangement of HTGHs located in its＇ area by studying alteration in layout elements of those house. Based on field surveys of 91 HTGHs in the Citadel area, it is found that although those houses are altered into various configurations under the impacts of urbanization and modernization, several important traditional elements in layout such as Binh Phong （masonry screen）, Be Can （basin）, and facing orientation have been maintained, and their layouts reflect a miniature image of Hue Citadel, i.e., there is an integral relationship between the Citadel and HTGHs located in it. This relationship plays an important role for expressing one of unique characteristics of Hue cultural asset, which is unavailable in other regions of Vietnam.

Environmental Effects of Foreign Trade and Its Spatial Variations in Mid-eastern Provinces and Cities of China

The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.

An Empirical Study of Urban and Rural Integration Construction Development of Western Region in China --Taking Changji City of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an Example

The urban and rural integration is a new stage of city development, which is a process of urban and rural mutual supplementary integration, collaborative development and mutual prosperity. It takes the industry and agriculture, city and countryside as a whole, with overall planning and coordination development, through system innovation and policy adjustment, in order to realize the integration development of urban and rural planning construction, industrial development, infrastructure, ecological environment and social career. This paper conducts the empirical analysis on the urban and rural integration construction development of Changji City of Changji Region in Xinjiang, studying the existing problems and restrictive factors of the process in promoting urban and rural integration construction in western region of China and trying to propose the corresponding countermeasures.

Identifying sources and hazardous risks of heavy metals in topsoils of rapidly urbanizing East China

With rapid economic and social development, soil contamination arising from heavy metals has become a serious problem in many parts of China. We collected a total of 445 samples （0-20 cm） at the nodes of a 2 kmx2 km grid in surface soils of Rizhao city, and analyzed sources and risk pattern of 10 heavy metals （As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn）. The combination of Multivariate statistics analysis and Geostatistical methods was applied to identify the sources and hazardous risk of heavy metals in soils. The result indicated that Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, and As were mainly controlled by parent materials and came from natural sources. Cd and Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. Pb and Zn, belonging to different groups in multivariate analysis, were associated with joint effect of parent materials and human inputs. Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging suggested that single element and elements association from the same principal components had similar spatial distribution. Through comprehensive assessment on all elements, we also found the high risk areas were located in the populated urban areas and western study area, which could be attributed to the higher geological background in the western part and strong human interference in the eastern part.

How Do Chinese People View the World： Intensity and Source？

Since the outset of post-Mao reform, China has been actively integrating into global society and in doing so it has become an integral part of the international system. Based on data drawn from a thirteen-city public opinion survey in 2008, this study indicates that a majority of the surveyed respondents, especially those in urban China, had positive attitudes toward liberal internationalism, economic internationalism, and nationalism. Meanwhile, this study concludes that continued economic development and the resulting expansion of higher education have produced two contradictory trends.