皖南山区肺吸虫中间宿主感染情况调查及研究

肺吸虫病流行区人工或鱼网捕获溪蟹 ,研钵捣碎 ,检查其囊蚴肺吸虫中间宿主感染情况。结果共捕捉溪蟹 335只 ,从单只捣碎检查的 2 2 8只大溪蟹中 ,查获 96只阳性蟹 ,感染率42 % ,每只阳性蟹感染蚴蜘平均数大于 2 5个。检查 10 7只小溪蟹 ,共查获 35个囊蚴 ,每只小溪蟹感染囊蚴平均数 0 33。在囊蚴活力实验中 ,10 0℃沸水 1min ,蟹体囊蚴变性、死亡 ;-2 0℃ 1h ,蟹体囊蚴尚存活 ,- 2 0℃ 3h ,其囊蚴全部死亡。表明该地区第二中间宿主溪蟹囊蚴感染率仍较高。此外 ,蟹体囊蚴对热力敏感 。

湖南浏阳县卫氏并殖吸虫第二中间宿主感染情况报告

目的 :查明疫区卫氏并殖吸虫第二中间宿主感染情况 ,为防治提供流行病学资料。方法 :从湖南浏阳县白沙乡双坪村的溪沟采回凹肢华溪蟹 ,常规镜检囊蚴 ,按体质量、性别分别统计溪蟹的感染率、感染度以及不同部位检出情况。结果 :溪蟹感染率 93.0 0 % (93/ 10 0 ) ,每蟹、每克含囊蚴数分别是 5 1.96、 6 .45个。囊蚴在蟹体的分布 ,以头胸肌最多 (4 4.97% ) ,其次是步足 (2 6 .14% )、螯肢 (15 .0 9% )、腮 (5 .9% )、内脏 (5 .4% )、肝 (1.99% )和腹部 (0 .46 % )。上述各部位的感染率依次是 :95 .70 % ,87.10 % ,82 .80 % ,81.72 % ,78.49% ,5 3.76 %和 15 .0 5 %。结论 :按疫区等级划分 ,该流行区属超高度并殖吸虫疫源地。

广州市城市公园广州管圆线虫中间宿主感染状况调查

目的了解广州市城市公园陆地和水系中褐云玛瑙螺、福寿螺、蛞蝓等中间宿主广州管圆线虫第三期幼虫感染情况,为制定防控方案提供依据。方法根据地理位置进行分层随机抽样,分别在东、南、西、北随机抽取1个区开展调查,每个区选取1~2个城市公园作为监测点,采集褐云玛瑙螺、福寿螺、蛞蝓等广州管圆线虫中间宿主作为样本,采用酶消化法进行检测,计算广州管圆线虫感染率与感染度。结果2020-2021年共采集5种中间宿主1058只,经形态学检查发现阳性121只,总感染率11.4%。褐云玛瑙螺、福寿螺、蛞蝓的感染率分别为16.5%、6.0%和14.9%,其他螺类感染率为10.7%,铜锈环棱螺未检出,不同种类中间宿主感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从化区、白云区、越秀区和番禺区中间宿主的广州管圆线虫第三期幼虫感染率分别为7.0%、16.3%、12.2%和13.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同宿主、不同地区的广州管圆线虫三期幼虫感染度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广州市不同地区城市公园中的中间宿主存在不同程度的广州管圆线虫感染。褐云玛瑙螺和蛞蝓的感染率较高,褐云玛瑙螺的感染率较福寿螺高,陆生螺类比水生宿主高。公园游客在打捞、捡拾、玩耍时存在被感染的风险。

Worldwide epidemiology of liver hydatidosis including the Mediterranean area

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of cystic echinococcosis have fallen dramatically over the past several decades.Nonetheless,infection with Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus)remains a major public health issue in several countries and regions,even in places where it was previously at low levels,as a result of a reduction of control programmes due to economic problems and lack of resources.Geographic distribution differs by country and region depending on the presence in that country of large numbers of nomadic or semi-nomadic sheep and goat flocks that represent the intermediate host of the parasite,and their close contact with the final host,the dog,which mostly provides the transmission of infection to humans.The greatest prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in human and animal hosts is found in countries of the temperate zones,including several parts of Eurasia(the Mediterranean regions,southern and central parts of Russia,central Asia,China),Australia,some parts of America(especially South America)and north and east Africa.Echinococcosis is currently considered an endemic zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean region.The most frequent strain associated with human cystic echinococcosis appears to be the common sheep strain(G1).This strain appears to be widely distributed in all continents.The purpose of this review is to examine the distribution of E.granulosus and the epidemiology of a re-emerging disease such as cystic echinococcosis.