实践基础上的再学习——介绍日本关于终生教育问题的讨论

近年来,日本在讨论教育方面有个新见解,认为要在实践基础上再学习。就是说,年轻的时候,身强力壮,最好从事体力劳动。而到了一定年纪,体力会衰退,但也积累了经验,所以,适宜于脑力劳动。在其中间时期必须进行学习。这是不少人的亲身实践的体会。 人们认为这种实践是符合“自然逻辑”的。原始社会是这样过来的。老人因为有经验,所以受到尊敬。没有这些各种各样的来自于实践经验的知识遗产,人们碰到严酷的环境。

Some Magnetized Bulk Viscous String Cosmological Models in Cylindrically Symmetric Inhomogeneous Universe with Variable Λ-Term

Some cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous viscous fluid string cosmological models with magnetic field and cosmological term A varying with time are investigated. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion （θ） in the model is proportional to the eigen value σ^11 of the shear tensor σ^ij. The value of cosmological constant for the model is found to be small and positive, which is supported by the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The effect of bulk viscosity is to produce a change in perfect fluid and hence exhibits essential influence on the character of the solution. The physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.

COMMENTS ON THE THERAPEUTIC TIMETABLE OF ISCHEMIC APOPLEXY AND SUPER-EARLY INTERVENTION OF ACUPUNCTURE

According to the pathological process of ischemic apoplexy, which involves its onset and development, this paper expounds the great significance of adopting various active and effective measures within the therapeutic timetable for favorable prognosis and improvement of apoplexy. The author’s viewpoints differ from the conventional thinking towards the management of apoplexy, stressing super early intervention with acupuncture.

The Rhythm of Earthquake Activity and an Analysis on the Earthquake Tendency of the World, the Chinese Continent and North China

Based on the Morlet complex wavelet transformation,the authors put forward a kind of new method for distinguishing periods of seismic activity and quietude and a new physical thought on the time-dependent wavelet accumulation energy spectrum with periods, the time-frequency distribution of wavelet vibration period spectrum and period-specific wavelet vibration spectrum. By applying the above methods to a time series which is composed of earthquake accumulation energy per year for the world, the Chinese continent and North China, respectively, we obtained some new information about the rhythm of shallow earthquake activity. Considering the historic earthquakes and the rhythm characteristics of current strong earthquake activity, the earthquake tendency in the next years is discussed.

A Phonetic Analysis of Chinese Poems Chanting

This paper analyses the chanting of 21 five-syllable modem-style poems, which is Chinese traditional style of poem reciting with cadence and pleasant melody, in order to fmd out the prosodic hierarchy according to pause duration, and probe the phonetic features and methods of chanting. Results reveal that pause exists after ＂level-level＂ tonal combinations, which is a kind of metrical pattern of Chinese poetry. The duration of syllables doubles in sentence final position. An exclamation is added when the sentence ends with a checked syllable. The pitch of syllables with level tone is lower than that of syllables with oblique tones, alternation of level and oblique tones forms the chanting melody. Sentences and poems with same metrical pattern have the same chanting melody.

General characteristics of climate changes during the past 2000 years in China

The general characteristics of climate changes over the past 2000 years in China,regional differences and uncertainties were analyzed based on the recently peer-reviewed high time-resolution climatic reconstructions.The results showed that there exists four warm periods of the temperature variation in China since the Qin Dynasty,including the western and eastern Han Dynasties(200 BC-AD 180),the Sui and Tang dynasties(541-810),the Song and Yuan dynasties(931-1320),and the 20th century,and three cold phases involving the Wei,Jin,and North-South Dynasties(181-540),the late Tang Dynasty(811-930),and the Ming and Qing dynasties(1321-1920).The Song and Yuan warm period is consistent with the Medieval Warm Period over the Northern Hemisphere,and the cold phases of the North-South Dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties are paralleled to the Dark Ages Cold Period and the Little Ice Age,respectively.The 13th-15th century could be a shift to the wet condition of the climate,and the low precipitation variability is exhibited in western China prior to 1500.In the context of the climate warming,the pattern of the drought in north and flood in south is prevalent over the eastern China.In addition,the published reconstructions have a high level of confidence for the past 500 years,but large uncertainties exist prior to the 16th century.

Pricing Credit Spread Option with Longstaff-Schwartz and GARCH Models in Chinese Bond Market

This paper investigates the mean-reversion and volatile of credit spread time series by using regression and time series analysis in Chinese bond market. Then the Longstaff-Schwartz model and GARCH model are applied to price credit spread put option. The authors compare the features of these two models by employing daily bond prices of government bonds and corporate bonds for the period 2010–2012 in Chinese bond market. The proposed results show that the higher the credit ratings of the corporate bonds are, the lower the prices of the credit spread options are.