The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) were evaluated,with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century.Most mod-els fai...The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) were evaluated,with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century.Most mod-els failed to reproduce rainfall associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM),and hence the seasonal cycle in eastern China,but provided reasonable results in Southwest (SW) and Northeast China (NE).The simula-tions produced reasonable results for the Yangtze-Huai (YH) Basin area,although the Meiyu phenomenon was underestimated in general.One typical regional phe-nomenon,a seasonal northward shift in the rain belt from early to late summer,was completely missed by most models.The long-term climate trends in rainfall over eastern China were largely underestimated,and the ob-served geographical pattern of rainfall changes was not reproduced by most models.Precipitation extremes were evaluated via parameters of fitted GEV (Generalized Ex-treme Values) distributions.The annual extremes were grossly underestimated in the monsoon-dominated YH and SW regions,but reasonable values were calculated for the North China (NC) and NE regions.These results suggest a general failure to capture the dynamics of the EASM in current coupled climate models.Nonetheless,models with higher resolution tend to reproduce larger decadal trends and annual extremes of precipitation in the regions studied.展开更多
AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was ...AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.展开更多
With the development of market economy and the deepening of economic system reform, some of the Small and medium-sized（SME） enterprises have become the most dynamic economic growth point in the national economy. Nev...With the development of market economy and the deepening of economic system reform, some of the Small and medium-sized（SME） enterprises have become the most dynamic economic growth point in the national economy. Nevertheless, SMEs are facing a lot of problems in the market competition, such as technical backwardness, information lag, lack of talents, etc.. The healthy development of SMEs is very important, whereas, SMEs’ financing is a worldwide problem, and the result of financing game between banks and enterprises depends on a variety of decision-making factors. In this paper, from the point of view of bank, we analyze the diffi culties of external financing of SMEs, and establish a financing game model based on different risk categories, in order to better solve the problems that remain in the process of financing and promote the healthy and sustainable development of SMEs.展开更多
With the development of individual consumption credit (ICC) in China, commercial banks have been exposed to more and more risks. The loan failure has been an important problem that the banking must face and revolve. T...With the development of individual consumption credit (ICC) in China, commercial banks have been exposed to more and more risks. The loan failure has been an important problem that the banking must face and revolve. This paper develops a factor system to explain how the borrower's risk is affected, and then establishes a risk monitoring model with AHP to pre-warn the banks how much the risk is.展开更多
Free radical induced neuronal damage is involved in stroke. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have proved that antioxidant could act as neuroprotective agent through intervening with flee-radical mediated apoptosis...Free radical induced neuronal damage is involved in stroke. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have proved that antioxidant could act as neuroprotective agent through intervening with flee-radical mediated apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra. In particular, natural products which contain antioxidant properties have undoubtedly potential for stroke treatment. In the present study, therapeutic effects of Braintone on Wistar rats undergone middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was evaluated. Gene expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes （AT2 receptor, FAS, BAX and BCL-XS） were showed to be significantly reduced in Braintone treated groups （0.4-, 0.72-, 0.76-, 0.32-fold, P〈0.05） as compared to vehicle group. Significant reduction ofimmunoreactivity of protein production of these genes, together with least nuclear green fluorescence observed in TUNEL, Braintone as an antioxidant drug, is concluded to have promising therapeutic effect for stroke treatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neur...OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neurotrophin receptor p75 （p75TR）, in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke （CIS）, with the aim of exploring the possible mechanism of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs in recovery following in- jury to the central nervous system. METHODS： A cerebral ischemic stroke model in SD rats was established with the suture-occlusion method. Successful model rats were divided into placebo and herb groups at random; sham-operat- ed and control groups were set up simultaneously.Each of these groups was divided into six sub- groups at random. Expression of Nogo-A and p75TR was evaluated with immunofluorescence microsco- py at days 3, and weeks1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 after adminis- tration. RESULTS： Tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs suppressed the expression of Nogo-A and p75T （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Suppressing the expression of No- go-A and p75NTR is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying the ability of tonifying liver and kid- ney-essence herbs to promote recovery of the in- jured central nervous system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 2009CB421401/2006CB400503the Chinese Meteorological Administration ProgramGYHY200706001
文摘The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) were evaluated,with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century.Most mod-els failed to reproduce rainfall associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM),and hence the seasonal cycle in eastern China,but provided reasonable results in Southwest (SW) and Northeast China (NE).The simula-tions produced reasonable results for the Yangtze-Huai (YH) Basin area,although the Meiyu phenomenon was underestimated in general.One typical regional phe-nomenon,a seasonal northward shift in the rain belt from early to late summer,was completely missed by most models.The long-term climate trends in rainfall over eastern China were largely underestimated,and the ob-served geographical pattern of rainfall changes was not reproduced by most models.Precipitation extremes were evaluated via parameters of fitted GEV (Generalized Ex-treme Values) distributions.The annual extremes were grossly underestimated in the monsoon-dominated YH and SW regions,but reasonable values were calculated for the North China (NC) and NE regions.These results suggest a general failure to capture the dynamics of the EASM in current coupled climate models.Nonetheless,models with higher resolution tend to reproduce larger decadal trends and annual extremes of precipitation in the regions studied.
基金Supported by Shanghai "Phosphor" Science Foundation, China, No. 09QB1403100the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China, No. 2006AA020704 and 2006AA02A407the Funds for Key Programs of Ministry ofHealth of China, No.2008ZX10002-017
文摘AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.
文摘With the development of market economy and the deepening of economic system reform, some of the Small and medium-sized（SME） enterprises have become the most dynamic economic growth point in the national economy. Nevertheless, SMEs are facing a lot of problems in the market competition, such as technical backwardness, information lag, lack of talents, etc.. The healthy development of SMEs is very important, whereas, SMEs’ financing is a worldwide problem, and the result of financing game between banks and enterprises depends on a variety of decision-making factors. In this paper, from the point of view of bank, we analyze the diffi culties of external financing of SMEs, and establish a financing game model based on different risk categories, in order to better solve the problems that remain in the process of financing and promote the healthy and sustainable development of SMEs.
基金This wort wag supported by National Natural Science Fund of China ( 70102007/G0202).
文摘With the development of individual consumption credit (ICC) in China, commercial banks have been exposed to more and more risks. The loan failure has been an important problem that the banking must face and revolve. This paper develops a factor system to explain how the borrower's risk is affected, and then establishes a risk monitoring model with AHP to pre-warn the banks how much the risk is.
基金National Medical Research Council of Singapore (R-184-000-037-213 and R-184-000-109-213)
文摘Free radical induced neuronal damage is involved in stroke. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have proved that antioxidant could act as neuroprotective agent through intervening with flee-radical mediated apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra. In particular, natural products which contain antioxidant properties have undoubtedly potential for stroke treatment. In the present study, therapeutic effects of Braintone on Wistar rats undergone middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was evaluated. Gene expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes （AT2 receptor, FAS, BAX and BCL-XS） were showed to be significantly reduced in Braintone treated groups （0.4-, 0.72-, 0.76-, 0.32-fold, P〈0.05） as compared to vehicle group. Significant reduction ofimmunoreactivity of protein production of these genes, together with least nuclear green fluorescence observed in TUNEL, Braintone as an antioxidant drug, is concluded to have promising therapeutic effect for stroke treatment.
基金Suppored by Special Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the PRC(No.06-07LB21)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs on expression of a nerve regeneration inhibitor, Nogo for neuron A （No- go-A）, and its associated signaling molecule, low-af- finity neurotrophin receptor p75 （p75TR）, in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke （CIS）, with the aim of exploring the possible mechanism of tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs in recovery following in- jury to the central nervous system. METHODS： A cerebral ischemic stroke model in SD rats was established with the suture-occlusion method. Successful model rats were divided into placebo and herb groups at random; sham-operat- ed and control groups were set up simultaneously.Each of these groups was divided into six sub- groups at random. Expression of Nogo-A and p75TR was evaluated with immunofluorescence microsco- py at days 3, and weeks1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 after adminis- tration. RESULTS： Tonifying liver and kidney-essence herbs suppressed the expression of Nogo-A and p75T （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Suppressing the expression of No- go-A and p75NTR is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying the ability of tonifying liver and kid- ney-essence herbs to promote recovery of the in- jured central nervous system.
