二步法合成中高分子量环氧树脂

我国曾应用水洗法及溶剂法合成中高分子量环氧树脂,水洗法由于终点不易控制,稍不注意,就可能出现不合格,甚至造成损失;溶剂法要耗费溶剂,且软化点难以达到国家标准。参照有关经验,采用了二步法合成中高分子量环氧树脂达到了国家标准。

中高分子量聚丙烯酰胺对污泥厌氧消化的影响

市政污水处理厂剩余污泥通常通过脱水和进一步厌氧消化实现减量和资源化。阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(cPAM)是脱水过程中常用的絮凝剂,其对后续厌氧消化性能的影响研究仍不深入。研究发现:中高分子量cPAM会抑制厌氧消化过程中有机质的溶出与水解、产酸和产甲烷效率;且中分子量的cPAM抑制效果更强。添加中分子量cPAM的溶解性蛋白质、多糖和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的最高产量比对照组分别降低了22.3%、28.4%和38.6%,添加高分子量cPAM的实验组则分别降低了7.4%、19.4%和25.9%;相应地,添加中、高分子量cPAM污泥的30 d甲烷累积产量为(40.4±1.4),(49.8±1.3)mL CH_(4)/g VSS,比对照组的(61.0±1.4)mL CH_(4)/g VSS分别降低了33.7%、18.3%。由此建议剩余污泥脱水过程中,要综合考虑cPAM添加量和分子量对后续厌氧消化性能的影响,以达到效益最佳。

An analysis of the correlation between the fluxes of high-energy electrons and low-middle-energy electrons in the magnetosphere

The variation of the flux of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere has been proven to be strongly related to the solar wind speed. Observations of GEO orbit show that the flux of low-energy electrons is not only modulated by the solar wind speed, but, if a time delay is added, is also positively correlated to the flux of high-energy electrons. This feature provides a possible method to forecast the flux of high-energy electrons in GEO orbit. In this study, the correlations of the fluxes between the high-energy electrons and low-middle-energy electrons obtained at different L values and in different orbits are investigated to develop the application of this feature. Based on the analysis of long–term data observed by NOAA POES and GOES, the correlations between the fluxes of high-energy electrons and low–middle–energy electrons are good enough at different L values and in different orbits in quiet time, but this correlation is strongly affected by CME–driven geomagnetic storms.