初冬谨防越冬鲤鱼的鲤浮肿病,4条防控建议须掌握

鲤浮肿病也称锦鲤睡眠病,是由鲤浮肿病毒（CEV）感染引起的一种病毒病,危害鲤鱼和锦鲤,国外先后在日本、德国、法国、英国、荷兰、捷克、奥地利、土耳其等国发现,引起养殖的鲤和锦鲤暴发性死亡。我国已经先后在北京、杭州和云南养殖的锦鲤确诊或诊断疑似发生该病,徐立蒲等今年6月对河南沿黄河滩区域鲤浮肿病调查发现23份样品中鲤浮肿病毒的阳性率57%。

Cladistic Analysis of the Cyprinid Subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus) Fang (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Phylogeny of the cyprinid subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) is elucidated based on both external and osteological features. All five species of Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) are including in the ingroup in addition to two Cyprinus (Cyprinus ) species. Procypris merus was treated as outgroup in comparison. A total of 48 characters were identified as variable among ingroup and outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis was accomplished using Parsimony and Bootstrap methods with Branch and Bound search of PAUP *. There are 28 characters remaining useful after excluding unpolarized characters and autapomorphies of terminal taxa. Analysis of the characters resulted in one tree with a length of 69 steps, Consistency Index (CI) of 0 7246, CI excluding uninformative characters of 0 6122, and Retention Index (RI) of 0 6346. It is apparent that the Mesocyprinus group consisting of five species is a polyphyletic group. This result suggests that subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) should be suspended.

A New Species of the Genus Garra from Nujiang River Basin, Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

A new species of the subfamily Labeoninae, Garra nujiangensis Chen and Yang, sp. nov. is recognized from a secondary branch of Nujiang River （upper Salween） in Zhenkang county, Yunnan province, China. It can be distinguished from other beardless Garra species by the following combination of characters： 12 - 14 circumpedunele scales; 48 - 50 lateral- line scales; a pair of rudimentary rostral barbels present in little individuals; 8 - 9 branched dorsal-fin rays; 5 - 6 scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and 3 - 4 scales between pelvic-fin origin and lateral line; caudal peduncle relatively stouter; length between snout tip to posterior margin of eye longer than body depth at anal fin origin; head length longer than body depth at dorsal fin origin; prepelvic length 50.0% - 53.7% of standard length; pre-anus length 58.9% - 63.9% of standard length; body width 16.7% - 19.6% of standard length; body depth at dorsal fin 19.2% - 22.6% of standard length. The present study also verified that the presence of tiny barbells is a juvenile character in some beardless Garra species, such as G. nujiangensis and G. alticorpora.

Four new records of fish species （Cypriniformes： Nemacheilidae, Balitoridae; Characiformes： Prochilodontidae） and corrections of two misidentified fish species （Tetraodontiformes： Tetraodontidae; Beloniformes： Belonidae） in Yunnan, China

In this study, six fish species of five families are reported for the first time from Yunnan Province, China. The nemacheilid Schistura arnplizona Kottelat, 2000 is reported from the Luosuojiang River and Nanlahe River subbasins, Mekong basin; the prochilodontid Prochilodus lineatus （Valenciennes, 1837）, the balitorid Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000, and the tetraodontid Monotrete turgidus Kottelat, 2000, from Nanlahe River subbasin, Mekong basin; the balitorid Beaz^fortia daon （Mai, 1978）, and the belonid Xenentodon canciloides （Bleeker, 1854）, both, from Black River subbasin, Red River basin. The freshwater puffer M. turgidus and the needlefish ,E canciloides have been previously misidentified as Tettraodon leiurus （Bleeker, 1950） and Tylosurus strongylurus （van Hasselt, 1823）, respectively.

Schistura megalodon species nova, a new river loach from the Irrawaddy basin in Dehong, Yunnan, China （Teleostei： Cypriniformes： Nemacheilidae）

A new species of river loach, Schistura megalodon sp. nov., is described from the Irrawaddy basin in Yingjiang County, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Yuunan Province, China. The following combination of diagnostic characters serve to distinguish it from all other congeners in the given zoogeographical region： a large processus dentiformes in the upper jaw, a short pre-anus length of 65.4%-66.3% of SL, long paired fins （pectoral： 20.8%-24.2% of SL; pelvic： 17.9%-20.6% of SL）, a wide body of 9.7%-11.3% of SL at anal fin origin, an incomplete lateral line, the absence of an orbital lobe, and a broad and distinct basicaudal bar with forward extensions.

Intestinal disease of scattered mirror carp Cyprinus carpio caused by Thelohanellus kitauei and notes on the morphology and phylogeny of the myxosporean from Sichuan Province,southwest China

The mass mortality of pond-reared scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio, caused by Thelohanellus kitauei, occurred at fish farms in Sichuan Province, southwest China. Morphological and molecular analyses were supplemented with histological evaluation of infected tissues to better understand the route of infection and the pathological effects of 1＂. kitauei on the fish host. The intestine of the diseased host was full of large cysts of the myxosporean. The cysts range from 2 cm to 3.6 cm in diameter. Histopathology indicated that T. kitauei first invaded the submucosa of the host intestine and then moved into the mucosa layers with the development of their spores, finally entering into the enteric cavity of the hosts after the disruption of mucosa layers. The pyriform spores of T. kitauei were surrounded by the transparent spore sheath, measuring 25.98/μm±0.95 μm in body length, 8.72 μm±0.51μm body width, and 7.86 μm±0.26 μm in body thickness. The single polar capsule was pyriform, measuring 14.73 μm±0.92μm in length and 6.82 μm±0.45μm in width, with eight to 10 turns of filament coils winding inside. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences indicated that minimal genetic differences were present between T. kitauei samples from South Korea and from China. Close affinity was found between the genus Thelohanellus and Myxobolus. Additionally, two polar capsule nuclei were found at the anterior end of the single polar capsule in spores of T. kitauei stained with hematoxylin and eosin, which suggested the separation of the genus Thelohanellus from Myxobolus.

Do physicochemical variables regulate the distribution of zooplankton communities in reservoirs dominated by filter-feeding carp?

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton communities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Xin＇anjiang Reservoir, Zhejiang, China, were investigated monthly, between 2009 and 2010. Silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys moBtrix） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） dominated the pelagic fish community of this large, deep reservoir. Cladocerans were distributed evenly throughout the reservoir. Rotifers were mainly found in the upper reaches, while copepods tended to assemble in the lower reaches. The Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify the major physicochemical gradients influencing community variations. Zooplankton community distributions were influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Excess nutrients, in particular silicon, stimulated rotifer growth. Based on these findings, it is possible to use rotifer density as a bioindicator of eutrophic status in deep reservoir ecosystems.

无公害鱼病防治技术

1 动植物共生水生植物与鱼类同池共生,鱼类很少生病。在鱼池中种植的水生植物可为水稻或莲藕,呈东西向,行距要宽(】33cm),占水体总面积不超过50%,以便光照效果好。

Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China

Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chem- ical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modem otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-lnC ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14C dating resuits of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, iden- tical to modem one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn＇t change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca （（70.12±18.50）× 10-2） and δ18O （（1.76±1.03）‰） of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modem lapilli （average Mg/Ca=（3.1 1±0.41）× 10-5 and δ18O =（-4.82±0.96）‰）. This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and δ18O ratios than modem Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today＇s Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp re- mains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.

Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-hke cyprinid(Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China

Fossil cyprinids from the upper part of the upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming, Guangdong, China were first studied in 1957 by Liu, who referred the only specimen to the genus Cyprinus as a new species, C. maomingensis. And this was suggested as one of the earliest records for fossil cyprinids. Unfortunately, this specimen is poorly preserved and reveals no more morphological information than its serrated last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. Recently, some new specimens were unearthed from the same locality, where C. maomingensis was discovered. In addition to the serrated dorsal and anal fin rays, these new materials also show that the pattern and shape of their pharyngeal teeth obviously differ from that of Cyprinus but resemble that of Procypris. However, its number of the branched dorsal fin rays and number of vertebrae are much less than that in Procypris. Morphologically, these specimens are closer to Procypris than to Cyprinus. This is the first report of fossil Procypris-like fish, and it implies that Procypris-like fish is an early member of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto(sensu Yang et al., 2010) and the origin of this group can be traced back at least to the late Eocene.