奶牛乳房炎多联苗(B)的临床免疫试验

用奶牛乳房炎多联苗 (B)免疫家兔 ,14 d血清中金黄色葡萄球菌抗体效价可达 1∶ 8,2 8d抗体水平明显升高 ,可达 1∶ 32 ,注苗后 35 d攻毒 ,攻毒后 2 d保护率为 93.3% (14 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ,10 d保护率为 6 6 .6 % (10 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ;用多联苗 (B)臀部肌肉注射免疫泌乳牛 ,试验期间 4个月内 ,3ml剂量组临床型乳房炎月平均发病率为 11.0 9% ,其对照组为 2 0 .19% ,发病率降低 4 5 .2 9% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;5 m l剂量组月平均发病率为 13.0 1% ,其对照组为 31.36 % ,发病率降低 5 8.5 1% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;3ml剂量组与 5 m l剂量组之间发病率无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;注苗后泌乳牛血清抗体水平可持续 4个月 ,且 30 d时效价水平最高。

Threshold制药公司宣布evofosfamide和伊匹单抗的免疫学临床试验首位患者给药

Threshold制药公司宣布其依伏磷酰胺（evofosfamide，一种双烷化剂的缺氧-活化前药）和伊匹单抗（ipilimumab）免疫学临床试验首位患者给药。evofosfamide可增加肿瘤对免疫治疗的敏感性。I期临床试验是单一组、开放研究，入选69名局部晚期或转移性前列腺癌、转移性胰腺癌、

Advances in immunotherapy for treatment of lung cancer

Different approaches for treating lung cancer have been developed over time, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies against activating mutations. Lately, better understanding of the role of the immunological system in tumor control has opened multiple doors to implement different strategies to enhance immune response against cancer cells. It is known that tumor cells elude immune response by several mechanisms. The development of monoclonal antibodies against the checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death protein 1 （PD-1） and its ligand （PD-L1）, on T cells, has led to high activity in cancer patients with long lasting responses. Nivolumab, an anti PD-1 inhibitor, has been recently approved for the treatment of squamous cell lung cancer patients, given the survival advantage demonstrated in a phase III trial. Pembrolizumab~ another anti PD-1 antibod）5 has received FDA breakthrough therapy designation for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, supported by data from a phase I trial. Clinical trials with anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in NSCLC have demonstrated very good tolerability and activity, with response rates around 20% and a median duration of response of 18 months.

Usefulness of fecal lactoferrin in predicting and monitoring the clinical severity of infectious diarrhea

AIM:To explore the value of fecal lactoferrin in predicting and monitoring the clinical severity of infectious diarrhea.METHODS:Patients with acute infectious diarrhea ranging from 3 mo to 10 years in age were enrolled,and one to three stool samples from each subject were collected.Certain parameters,including white blood cells /differential count,C-reactive protein,fecal mucus,fecal pus cells,duration of fever,vomiting,diarrhea and severity(indicated by Clark and Vesikari scores),were recorded and analyzed.Fecal lactoferrin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared in different pathogen and disease activity.Generalized estimating equations(GEE) were also used for analysis.RESULTS:Data included 226 evaluations for 117 individuals across three different time points.Fecal lactoferrin was higher in patients with Salmonella(11.17 μg/g ± 2.73 μg/g) or Campylobacter(10.32 μg/g ± 2.94 μg/g) infections and lower in patients with rotavirus(2.82 μg/g ± 1.27 μg/g) or norovirus(3.16 μg/g ± 1.18 μg/g) infections.Concentrations of fecal lactoferrin were significantly elevated in patients with severe(11.32 μg/g ± 3.29 μg/g) or moderate(3.77 μg/g ± 2.08 μg/g) disease activity compared with subjects with mild(1.51 μg/g ± 1.36 μg/g) disease activity(P < 0.05).GEE analysis suggests that this marker could be used to monitor the severity and course of gastrointestinal infections and may provide information for disease management.CONCLUSION:Fecal lactoferrin increased during bacterial infection and with greater disease severity and may be a good marker for predicting and monitoring intestinal inflammation in children with infectious diarrhea.

Clinical study on IL-8,TNF-α,T-cell subgroup in serum of patients with rectal cancer

Objective:The aim of our study was to investigate the immune status of patients with rectal cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods:The serum levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and T-cell subgroup contents were measured using a double-antibody sandwich assay of ELISA in 43 patients with rectal cancer,and compared with the normal health adults.Results:In patients with rectal cancer,the serum levels of CD4,CD4/CD8 of T-cell subgroup in peripheral blood were significantly lower than the control group(P < 0.01),which gradually decreased with increase of Dukes stage;but the levels of CD8,IL-8 and TNF-α were higher than the control group,which gradually increased with increase of Dukes stage.Conclusion:The immunocompromice exists in patients with rectal cancer,there is a correlation between the contents of T-cell subgroup,IL-8 and TNF-α in serum and the Dukes stage of rectal cancer.Therefore immunotherapy can be used in patients with rectal cancer.

The clinical significance evaluation of serum β_2-microglobulin for thyroid cancer patients

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value and relevance on the serum β2-microglobulin （β2-MG） of patients with thyroid cancer. Methods： One thousand and two normal cases, 95 thyroid cancer patients and 243 nodular goiter patients were selected to measure serum β2-MG levels using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： The positive rate of 7.78% in normal population （78/1002） and 31.57% in thyroid cancer patients （30/95）. There were significant differences between the normal population and thyroid cancer patients （X2 = 55.352; P = 0.000）. The positive rate of 7.81% in nodular goiter patients （19/243） and there were no significant differences between the normal population and nodular goiter patients （X2 = 0.0004; P = 0.986）, but significant differences between nodular goiter patients and thyroid cancer patients （x2 = 31.106; P = 0.000）. Meanwhile, the significant difference of the positive rate existed in between the various pathological types of thyroid cancer （X2 = 10.015; P = 0.007）, anaplastic thyroid cancer patients with the highest positive rate and The significant difference was found between the positive lymph node metastasis groups and negative lymph node metastasis groups （x2 = 4.441; P = 0.035）, the presence of distant metastasis group and absence of distant metastasis group （X2 = 9.795; P = 0.002）. Conclusion： Serum β2-MG levels and prognosis of thyroid cancer patients was negatively correlated. It showed important clinical value to detect the level of β2-MG in the early diagnosis, prognosis and the clinical observation for thyroid cancer patients.

Translational Benefits of Gene Therapy to Date

Gene therapy is now a reality with a number of early phase clinical trials having been completed and several currently in progress. In spite of some early setbacks substantial progress has been made with treatment of several different diseases using a variety of delivery vectors and transgenes. Indeed for some diseases gene therapy is now the treatment of choice, in particular the inherited immune deficiencies. Treatment of ocular diseases and cancer are also showing great promise. Immune responses and insertional mutagenesis still pose problems but refinement of delivery systems and an increased understanding of oncogene activation should ensure that more successful protocols will emerge in the near future. Continuous progress suggests that a wider range of diseases can be treated with gene therapy in the future.

Clinical value of serum interleukin-18 and nitric oxide activities in patients with prostate cancer

Objective:The aim of the study was to estimate the clinical value of serum interleukin-18(IL-18)and nitric oxide(NO)activities in patients with prostate cancer.Methods:The 50 patients with prostate cancer and 25 control subjects were measured in serum IL-18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and nitrate+nitrite level by an index of NO generation.Results:Serum IL-18 and nitrate+nitrite levels were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer when compared to the control subjects(P<0.05).Serum IL-18 level was significantly higher in patients with stages B,C and D when compared to patients with stage A(P<0.05).Serum IL-18 level was significantly higher in the metastatic patients compared with the nonmetastatic patients(P<0.01).There was no difference in serum nitrate and nitrite level between metastatic and nonmetastatic patients(P>0.05).The serum IL-18 and nitrate and nitrite levels decreased after patients underwent surgical resection.Conclusion:Serum IL-18 level may be a useful marker to predict prognosis of patients with prostate cancer after surgery.Long-term follow-up is required to clarify this hypothesis.

Spotlight on chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell research and clinical trials in China

T cell mediated adoptive immune response has been characterized as the key to anti-tumor immunity. Scientists around the world including in China, have been trying to harness the power of T cells against tumors for decades. Recently, the biosynthetic chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell(CAR-T) strategy was developed and exhibited encouraging clinical efficacy, especially in hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor research reports began in 2009 in China according to our Pub Med search results. Clinical trials have been ongoing in China since 2013 according to the trial registrations on clinicaltrials.gov.. After years of assiduous efforts, research and clinical scientists in China have made their own achievements in the CAR-T therapy field. In this review, we aim to highlight CAR-T research and clinical trials in China, to provide an informative reference for colleagues in the field.

STING-mediated DNA sensing in cancer immunotherapy

While STING(STimulator of INterferon Genes) has been shown to be essential for cytosolic DNA-triggered innate immune activation, accumulated evidence obtained from various studies suggested that an intrinsic relevance of STING-associated signaling in tumorigenesis can be observed. Also, several clinical trials using immunostimulatory adjuvants, particularly agonistic as well as non-agonistic ligands for STING, have revealed their therapeutic potential not only as vaccine adjuvants but also as anti-tumor agents. However, cases have also been reported where the involvement of STING shows a protective role in tumor growth. Here we summarize recent findings that have pointed towards the STING pathway as an innate immune sensing mechanism driving type I interferon production in the tumor context. Better understanding of this pathway can guide further development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.

Effect of soothing-liver and nourishing-heart acupuncture on early selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment onset for depressive disorder and related indicators of neuroimmunology:a randomized controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of soothing-liver and nourishing-heart acupuncture on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRIs) treatment effect onset in patients with depressive disorder and related indicators of neuroimmunology.METHODS:Overall,126 patients with depressive disorder were randomly divided into a medicine and acupuncture-medicine group using a random number table.Patients were treated for 6 consecutive weeks.The two groups were evaluated by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS) and Side Effects Rating Scale(SERS) to assess the effect of the soothing-liver and nourishing-heart acupuncture method on early onset of SSRI treatment effect.Changes in serum 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment were recorded and compared between the medicine group and the acupuncture-medicine group.RESULTS:The acupuncture-medicine group had significantly lower MADRS scores at weeks 1,2,4,and 6 after treatment compared with the medicine group(P < 0.01).The acupuncture group had significantly lower SERS scores at weeks 1,2,4,and 6 after treatment compared with the medicine group(P < 0.01).At 6 weeks after treatment,serum 5-HT in the acupuncture-medicine group was significantly higher compared with the medicine group(P <0.01).lnterleukin-6(IL-6) in the acupuncture-medicine group was significantly lower than that in the medicine group(P < 0.01),whereas there was no significant difference in IL-1(3 between the groups(P > 0.05).Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the acupuncture-medicine group compared with the medicine group(P < 0.01,P < 0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION:The soothing-liver and nourishing-heart acupuncture method can effectively accelerate the onset of SSRI effects when treating depressive disorder and can significantly reduce the adverse reactions of SSRIs.Moreover,acupuncture can enhance serum 5-HT and regulate the balance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.