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影响护生临床实习的原因分析与对策 被引量:1
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作者 严珍英 《吉林医学》 CAS 2011年第22期4717-4717,共1页
临床实习是护理教育的一个重要环节,是将护理知识转化为临床实践的关键时期,也是护生走向护理岗位的一个重要阶段。本文对2003年到2006年共98名护生(包括中专生80名,大专生17名和本科生1名)的临床实习情况进行总结,对影响护生临床实... 临床实习是护理教育的一个重要环节,是将护理知识转化为临床实践的关键时期,也是护生走向护理岗位的一个重要阶段。本文对2003年到2006年共98名护生(包括中专生80名,大专生17名和本科生1名)的临床实习情况进行总结,对影响护生临床实习的原因进行分析与探讨,并提出了相应的对策。 展开更多
关键词 护生 临床实行
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Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases:Implementation in clinical practice and decisional algorithms 被引量:13
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作者 Giada Sebastiani 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第18期2190-2203,共14页
Chronic hepatitis B and C together with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases represent the major causes of progressive liver disease that can eventually evolve into cirrhosis and its end-stage complication... Chronic hepatitis B and C together with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases represent the major causes of progressive liver disease that can eventually evolve into cirrhosis and its end-stage complications,including decompensation,bleeding and liver cancer.Formation and accumulation of fibrosis in the liver is the common pathway that leads to an evolutive liver disease.Precise definition of liver fibrosis stage is essential for management of the patient in clinical practice since the presence of bridging fibrosis represents a strong indication for antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatitis,while cirrhosis requires a specif ic follow-up including screening for esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver biopsy has always represented the standard of reference for assessment of hepatic fibrosis but it has some limitations being invasive,costly and prone to sampling errors.Recently,blood markers and instrumental methods have been proposed for the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis.However,there are still some doubts as to their implementation in clinical practice and a real consensus on how and when to use them is not still available.This is due to an unsatisfactory accuracy for some of them,and to an incomplete validation for others.Some studies suggest that performance of non-invasive methods for liver fibrosis assessment may increase when they are combined.Combination algorithms of non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis may represent a rational and reliable approach to implement non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice and to reduce rather than abolish liver biopsies. 展开更多
关键词 Chronic liver diseases Hepatic fibrosis Liver biopsy Non-invasive methods for liver fibrosisassessment Combination algorithms Decisional tree
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Expressions and clinical significances of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA in bladder transitional cell carcinomas
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作者 Yunyan Wang Junsong Meng +2 位作者 Haijun Zhuang Jianquan Hou Duangai Wen 《The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology》 CAS 2011年第5期278-281,共4页
Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical s... Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical significances.Methods:Using RT-PCR and real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR) technique,the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA of 45 cases of bladder carcinoma(tumor group) and 10 cases of normal bladder tissue(control group) were analyzed.Results:MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not expressed in control group.MMP-2 was expressed in 30 cases tumor samples and TIMP-2 was expressed in 26 cases.The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was lower than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in recurrent patients was higher than that in incipient patients.TIMP-2 mRNA expression decreased with grades and stage.The expression of TIMP-2 in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was higher than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.There was statistical difference between two groups(P < 0.05).TIMP-2 expression in incipient patients was higher than that in recurrent patients,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:These results suggest that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 play an important role in the invasion step of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.MMP-2 may become a new approach to the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. 展开更多
关键词 transitional cell carcinoma of bladder matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2)
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