Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clini...Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum.Methods:A cross-sectional survey design was used.In September 2017,participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province,China,using a convenience sampling method.A demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Intern Nursing Student Stressor Scale,and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used to collect data.Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regres-sion analysis.Results:A total of 158 nursing students were recruited,most of whom were female,undergraduates,and from rural areas.The nursing students perceived a moderate level of stress during the initial period of the clinical practicum.The need for knowledge and skills was the most common source of stress.Positive coping styles were most commonly adopted.Nursing students who were undergraduates,only children,and chose nursing major involuntarily experienced higher stress levels than those who were junior college students,not only children,and chose nursing major voluntarily.Nursing undergraduates were more likely to use positive coping styles than junior college students.Male nursing students and those experiencing higher stress levels related to the“environment and equipment of the wards”and the“nature and content of the work”were more likely to use negative coping styles.Conclusion:Nursing educators should offer targeted guidance based on the stress reported during the clinical practicum and the demographic characteristics of the nursing students.Guidance should be provided to encourage nursing students to adopt effective coping strategies and reduce stress.展开更多
In the light of the position character, acupoints situating on the corresponding medial and lateral sides of the limbs or in the front and back parts of the body trunk are called as “opposite acupoints”. In the pres...In the light of the position character, acupoints situating on the corresponding medial and lateral sides of the limbs or in the front and back parts of the body trunk are called as “opposite acupoints”. In the present paper, the author expounds its theoretical basis from yin-yang theory, investigates its origin from the location of acupoints and ancient clinical application, and introduces its current application in clinical practice. In addition, the author lists 4 typical cases about treatment of hysteric convulsion, pregnant hypertension, child bed-wetting and leucorrhagia with opposite acupoints. Clinical practice demonstrates that opposite acupoints therapy is fewer in taking acupoints for one session of treatment, simple in operation, and good in the therapeutic effect for treatment of various diseases of different systems in the human body.展开更多
Objective： To analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture（including electroacupuncture） alone for allergic rhinitis（AR） and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicine Bi Y...Objective： To analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture（including electroacupuncture） alone for allergic rhinitis（AR） and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Methods： The search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria were made according to the principle of evidence-based medicine. We performed a systematic search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database（Wanfang）, Chongqing VIP Database（CQVIP）, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, Pub Med, Excerpta Medica Database（EMBASE）, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL） for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis between January 1990 and December 2015. The quality was evaluated by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1, and the meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.3 version. Results： Twenty eligible RCTs were included into the meta-analysis after selection. Compared with antihistamines, the meta-analysis showed RR=1.241, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines; MD=–0.93〈0, 95%CI[–1.22, –0.63], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture is better than antihistamines in decreasing the total nasal symptom score（TNSS） in AR patients; and MD=1.46〉0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75], P=0.82, indicating that there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in regulating immunoglobulin E（Ig E） in AR patients. Compared with Bi Yan Kang Tablet, the meta-analysis has shown RR=1.50〉1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Conclusion： Acupuncture alone can achieve a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines and Bi Yan Kang Tablet. It is also better than antihistamines in improving clinical symptom scores; however, whether acupuncture is better than Bi Yan Kang Tablet needs further proof. As far as current data are concerned, there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in improving serum Ig E; further study is needed in this regard. The risk of bias due to absent randomization methods or blinding implementation decreased the evidence level of the overall conclusion.展开更多
基金supported by Wenzhou Medical University School-level Educational Reform Project(No.YBJG2019006).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum.Methods:A cross-sectional survey design was used.In September 2017,participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province,China,using a convenience sampling method.A demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Intern Nursing Student Stressor Scale,and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used to collect data.Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regres-sion analysis.Results:A total of 158 nursing students were recruited,most of whom were female,undergraduates,and from rural areas.The nursing students perceived a moderate level of stress during the initial period of the clinical practicum.The need for knowledge and skills was the most common source of stress.Positive coping styles were most commonly adopted.Nursing students who were undergraduates,only children,and chose nursing major involuntarily experienced higher stress levels than those who were junior college students,not only children,and chose nursing major voluntarily.Nursing undergraduates were more likely to use positive coping styles than junior college students.Male nursing students and those experiencing higher stress levels related to the“environment and equipment of the wards”and the“nature and content of the work”were more likely to use negative coping styles.Conclusion:Nursing educators should offer targeted guidance based on the stress reported during the clinical practicum and the demographic characteristics of the nursing students.Guidance should be provided to encourage nursing students to adopt effective coping strategies and reduce stress.
文摘In the light of the position character, acupoints situating on the corresponding medial and lateral sides of the limbs or in the front and back parts of the body trunk are called as “opposite acupoints”. In the present paper, the author expounds its theoretical basis from yin-yang theory, investigates its origin from the location of acupoints and ancient clinical application, and introduces its current application in clinical practice. In addition, the author lists 4 typical cases about treatment of hysteric convulsion, pregnant hypertension, child bed-wetting and leucorrhagia with opposite acupoints. Clinical practice demonstrates that opposite acupoints therapy is fewer in taking acupoints for one session of treatment, simple in operation, and good in the therapeutic effect for treatment of various diseases of different systems in the human body.
基金supported by Youth Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission(No.20124Y009,No.20134Y148)Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Research Project(No.201540150)~~
文摘Objective： To analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture（including electroacupuncture） alone for allergic rhinitis（AR） and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Methods： The search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria were made according to the principle of evidence-based medicine. We performed a systematic search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database（Wanfang）, Chongqing VIP Database（CQVIP）, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, Pub Med, Excerpta Medica Database（EMBASE）, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL） for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis between January 1990 and December 2015. The quality was evaluated by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1, and the meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.3 version. Results： Twenty eligible RCTs were included into the meta-analysis after selection. Compared with antihistamines, the meta-analysis showed RR=1.241, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines; MD=–0.93〈0, 95%CI[–1.22, –0.63], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture is better than antihistamines in decreasing the total nasal symptom score（TNSS） in AR patients; and MD=1.46〉0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75], P=0.82, indicating that there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in regulating immunoglobulin E（Ig E） in AR patients. Compared with Bi Yan Kang Tablet, the meta-analysis has shown RR=1.50〉1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Conclusion： Acupuncture alone can achieve a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines and Bi Yan Kang Tablet. It is also better than antihistamines in improving clinical symptom scores; however, whether acupuncture is better than Bi Yan Kang Tablet needs further proof. As far as current data are concerned, there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in improving serum Ig E; further study is needed in this regard. The risk of bias due to absent randomization methods or blinding implementation decreased the evidence level of the overall conclusion.
