白细胞介素-12临床应用研究进展

白细胞介素-12(IL-12)最初称作自然杀伤细胞刺激因子(NKSF)或细胞毒性淋巴细胞成熟因子(CLMF),是一种异二聚体细胞因子。直接使用重组蛋白IL-12或转基因载体都有显著的抗肿瘤作用,它通过诱发NK,NKT和T细胞增殖活化而介导主动和被动免疫保护反应。除此之外,通过趋化因子IP-10诱生IFN-γ阻止肿瘤血管发生。在动物肿瘤模型中,IL-12对移植瘤、化学诱变瘤及自发肿瘤均有明显治疗作用。IL-12可以刺激抗原特异性免疫反应而促进Th1和CTL的消瘤作用。大量的临床治疗肿瘤试验表明,IL-12在抗肿瘤方面效果明显。治疗中出现的不良反应应引起重视,需要制定合理的治疗方案以降低毒副反应确保临床效果。

Immunoproteome analysis of soluble and membrane proteins of Shigella flexneri 2457T

AIM: To profile the immunogenic proteins of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) expressed during human infection using a proteomic approach. METHODS: Soluble and membrane protein extractions of S. flexneri 2457T were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins were transferred to PVDF membrane and immunoblotted with sera from shigellosis patients. Reactive protein spots were matched to Coomassie stained gels run in parallel, cut out and trypsin digested. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to determine the peptide mass fingerprints, which were searched in the MASCOT database to identify the protein. RESULTS: A total of 8 immunoreactive proteins were successfully identified from the Coomassie stained gels in three repeats. Six of these proteins have not previously been reported as immunogenic in S. flexneri. These proteins could be potential candidates for vaccine or attenuation studies. CONCLUSION: Soluble and membrane proteins of S. flexneri 2457T have been screened by 2-DE and immunoblotting with sera from shigellosis patients. Eight proteins are identified as immunogenic.

Liver alveolar echinococcosis in China: Clinical aspect with relative basic research

This paper deals with all aspects of liver alveolar echinococcosis (AE) including epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, surgical treatment and chemotherapy.The review is not only based on personal clinical experiences but also in combination with relative basic research such as proliferation and growth of alveococcus, preclinical studies of a novel compound extracted from TCM for treatment of liver AE, and molecular immunology used for specific AE diagnosis, etc.

Crohn’s disease:Innate immunodeficiency?

In the past, Crohn’s disease (CD) has been understood primarily as an immunologic disorder characterized by an abnormal T-cell response. Recent in vitro and in vivo data suggests that CD may instead be precipitated by innate immune dysfunction resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some reports have demonstrated a defective immune response in a variety of other cellular components, including neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Recent studies of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- CSF) in CD, aiming to stimulate the innate immune system with the conception that an innate immune defect underlies the development of the disease, have been demonstrated a clinical benefit and reinforce this evolving understanding of the disease.

Progress in Drug Therapy for Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma remains incurable with conventional treatments.However,new active drugs,including the immunomodulatory agents,thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and NPI-0052,and other targeted therapies,have shown promising anti-myeloma activity.These agents represent a new generation of treatments for multiple myeloma that affect both specific intracellular signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment.This review therefore focuses on the extensive clinical data available from studies of these drugs in the treatment of newly diagnosed,refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma.

Diagnosis and therapy of primary lung diffuse large B cell lymphoma： a case report

Objective： We studied the diagnosis and therapy of primary lung diffuse large B cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. Methods： Analysis the clinical manifestations, pathologic character and immunohistochemical character of one lung diffuse B cell lymphoma patent. Results： In visual observation, it＇s a gray irregular fobulated mass, section was gray, fish-like, and number of necrotic foci. Observed under the microscope, subepithelial respiratory center oocyte-like cells diffuse proliferative, infiltration in lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry： CD20 （＋）, CD79a （＋）, CD3 （-）, CD45RO （-）, PCK （-）. Conclusion： Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common subtype in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but the primary lung diffuse large B cell lymphoma is rare. This disease is lack of typical clinical manifestations, so easily misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma should be based on pathology and immunohistochemistry.

NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basic biology to clinical application

Natural killer(NK) cells, which recognize and kill target cells independent of antigen specificity and major histocompatibility complex(MHC) matching, play pivotal roles in immune defence against tumors. However, tumor cells often acquire the ability to escape NK cell-mediated immune surveillance. Thus, understanding mechanisms underlying regulation of NK cell phenotype and function within the tumor environment is instrumental for designing new approaches to improve the current cell-based immunotherapy. In this review, we elaborate the main biological features and molecular mechanisms of NK cells that pertain to regulation of NK cell-mediated anti-tumor activity. We further overview current clinical approaches regarding NK cell-based cancer therapy, including cytokine infusion, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic NK cells, applications of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-expressing NK cells and adoptive transfer of memory-like NK cells. With these promising clinical outcomes and fuller understanding the basic questions raised in this review, we foresee that NK cell-based approaches may hold great potential for future cancer immunotherapy.