目的探讨中老年患者骨量减少(osteopenia,OPA)、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及主要流行病学特征。方法将2016年1月~2018年1月在解放军总医院第一医学中心放射诊断科行骨密度检查的2198例患者分为男性组和女性组,男性组718例,年...目的探讨中老年患者骨量减少(osteopenia,OPA)、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及主要流行病学特征。方法将2016年1月~2018年1月在解放军总医院第一医学中心放射诊断科行骨密度检查的2198例患者分为男性组和女性组,男性组718例,年龄50~91岁,平均(63.86±9.27)岁;女性组1480例,年龄45~88岁,平均(62.61±8.90)岁。采用美国HOLOGIC,Discovery-Wi型DEXA骨密度仪,测量2198例45~91岁中老年患者的腰椎和髋关节骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);采用世界卫生组织(WHO)亚洲人骨质疏松诊断标准,T>-1.0为骨密度正常,T=-1.0^-2.5为骨质减少,T≤-2.5为骨质疏松;以性别、年龄分组对患者骨密度检测结果进行分析。结果2198例患者骨密度正常393例(17.88%),骨质减少1018例(46.32%),骨质疏松787例(35.81%)。在男性718例患者中骨密度正常181例(25.21%),骨质减少389例(54.18%),骨质疏松148例(20.61%);在女性1480例患者中骨密度正常212例(14.32%),骨质减少629例(42.50%),骨质疏松639例(43.18%)。各组骨量对比发现,随着患者年龄递增骨量值逐渐下降,同一年龄组女性比男性患者骨量低。结论中老年患者骨质疏松患病率女性高于男性,应根据其特点对患者早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。展开更多
Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to ...Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to the improvement of case finding strategies.The prognosis of the disease has improved due to both the recognition of earlier and indolent cases,and to the wide use of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA).New indicators of prog-nosis are available that will be useful especially for the growing number of patients with less severe disease.Most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.Pruri-tus may represent the most distressing symptom and,when UDCA is ineffective,cholestyramine represents the mainstay of treatment.Complications of long-standing cholestasis may be clinically relevant only in very ad-vanced stages.Available data on the effects of UDCA on clinically relevant end points clearly indicate that the drug is able to slow but not to halt the progression of the disease while,in advanced stages,the only thera-peutic option remains liver transplantation.展开更多
AIM： To examine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus （HBV） related liver failure in patients in China. METHODS： This study was conducted with a retro- spective design to examine 1066...AIM： To examine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus （HBV） related liver failure in patients in China. METHODS： This study was conducted with a retro- spective design to examine 1066 patients with HBV- related liver failure in the southwest of China. RESULTS： There were more male than female patients. Young and middle-aged people comprised most of the patients. Farmers and laborers comprised the larg- est proportion （63.09%）. Han Chinese accounted for 98.12%, while minority ethnic groups only accounted for 0.88% of patients. A total of 43.47% patients had a family history of HBV-related liver failure and 56.66% patients had a history of drinking alcohol. A total of 42.59% patients with HBV-related liver failure had defi- nite causes. With regard to the clinical manifestation of HBV-related liver failure, the symptoms were： hypodynamia, anorexia and abdominal distension. Total bilirubin （TBIL） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels were altered in 46.23% of patients with evident damage of the liver. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients＇ prognoses were correlated with ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, TBIL, prothrombin activity （PTA）, and alpha-fetoprotein levels, and drinking alcohol, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, infection and 〉i 2 complications. Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that the activity of thrombinogen and the number of complications were related to the prognosis. CONCLUSION： Alcohol influences the patients＇ prognosis and condition. PTA and complications are independent factors that can be used for estimating the prognosis of HBV-related liver failure.展开更多
文摘目的探讨中老年患者骨量减少(osteopenia,OPA)、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及主要流行病学特征。方法将2016年1月~2018年1月在解放军总医院第一医学中心放射诊断科行骨密度检查的2198例患者分为男性组和女性组,男性组718例,年龄50~91岁,平均(63.86±9.27)岁;女性组1480例,年龄45~88岁,平均(62.61±8.90)岁。采用美国HOLOGIC,Discovery-Wi型DEXA骨密度仪,测量2198例45~91岁中老年患者的腰椎和髋关节骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);采用世界卫生组织(WHO)亚洲人骨质疏松诊断标准,T>-1.0为骨密度正常,T=-1.0^-2.5为骨质减少,T≤-2.5为骨质疏松;以性别、年龄分组对患者骨密度检测结果进行分析。结果2198例患者骨密度正常393例(17.88%),骨质减少1018例(46.32%),骨质疏松787例(35.81%)。在男性718例患者中骨密度正常181例(25.21%),骨质减少389例(54.18%),骨质疏松148例(20.61%);在女性1480例患者中骨密度正常212例(14.32%),骨质减少629例(42.50%),骨质疏松639例(43.18%)。各组骨量对比发现,随着患者年龄递增骨量值逐渐下降,同一年龄组女性比男性患者骨量低。结论中老年患者骨质疏松患病率女性高于男性,应根据其特点对患者早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。
文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to the improvement of case finding strategies.The prognosis of the disease has improved due to both the recognition of earlier and indolent cases,and to the wide use of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA).New indicators of prog-nosis are available that will be useful especially for the growing number of patients with less severe disease.Most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.Pruri-tus may represent the most distressing symptom and,when UDCA is ineffective,cholestyramine represents the mainstay of treatment.Complications of long-standing cholestasis may be clinically relevant only in very ad-vanced stages.Available data on the effects of UDCA on clinically relevant end points clearly indicate that the drug is able to slow but not to halt the progression of the disease while,in advanced stages,the only thera-peutic option remains liver transplantation.
基金Supported by The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program 2007CB512903)the State Key Project of China in HBV-related severe hepatitis (2008ZX10002-005)
文摘AIM： To examine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus （HBV） related liver failure in patients in China. METHODS： This study was conducted with a retro- spective design to examine 1066 patients with HBV- related liver failure in the southwest of China. RESULTS： There were more male than female patients. Young and middle-aged people comprised most of the patients. Farmers and laborers comprised the larg- est proportion （63.09%）. Han Chinese accounted for 98.12%, while minority ethnic groups only accounted for 0.88% of patients. A total of 43.47% patients had a family history of HBV-related liver failure and 56.66% patients had a history of drinking alcohol. A total of 42.59% patients with HBV-related liver failure had defi- nite causes. With regard to the clinical manifestation of HBV-related liver failure, the symptoms were： hypodynamia, anorexia and abdominal distension. Total bilirubin （TBIL） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels were altered in 46.23% of patients with evident damage of the liver. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients＇ prognoses were correlated with ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, TBIL, prothrombin activity （PTA）, and alpha-fetoprotein levels, and drinking alcohol, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, infection and 〉i 2 complications. Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that the activity of thrombinogen and the number of complications were related to the prognosis. CONCLUSION： Alcohol influences the patients＇ prognosis and condition. PTA and complications are independent factors that can be used for estimating the prognosis of HBV-related liver failure.
