Background: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of cognitive sym ptoms for the diagnosis and management of atypical parkinsonian syndromes, the c ognitive assessment of the patients in clinical practice ...Background: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of cognitive sym ptoms for the diagnosis and management of atypical parkinsonian syndromes, the c ognitive assessment of the patients in clinical practice often remains very limi ted.Objectives: To examine the ability of a brief and simple cognitive screening test to detect cognitive deficits in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE), the mini-mental state examination(M MSE), and the dementia rating scale (DRS) were applied to 26 patients with multi ple system atrophy (MSA), 39 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 25 w ith cortico basal degeneration (CBD). The results were then compared with those obtained in 30 healthy age matched volunteers and 30 patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Results: In all four diseases the rate of detection of cognitive impair ment on ACE was higher than on MMSE and comparable with DRS. The severity of cog nitive impairment was most pronounced in the CBD group, which showed a similar d egree of impairment to the Alzheimer group.In contrast, MSA patients were the le ast cognitively impaired.The PSP group took an intermediate position. Conclusion s:Cognitive impairment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes can be detected using a brief and clinically applicable bedside test such as ACE.展开更多
AIM:To study the therapeutic efficacy of a new transnasal ileus tube advanced endoscopically for adhesive small bowel obstruction.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction treated from Sept...AIM:To study the therapeutic efficacy of a new transnasal ileus tube advanced endoscopically for adhesive small bowel obstruction.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction treated from September 2007 to February 2011 were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study.The endoscopically advanced new ileus tube was used for gastrointestinal decompression in 96 patients and ordinary nasogastric tube(NGT) was used in 90 patients.The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Compared with the NGT group,the ileus tube group experienced significantly shorter time for relief of clinical symptoms and improvement in the findings of abdominal radiograph(4.1 ± 2.3 d vs 8.5 ± 5.0 d) and laboratory tests(P < 0.01).The overall effectiveness rate was up to 89.6% in the ileus tube group and 46.7% in the NGT group(P < 0.01).And 10.4% of the patients in the ileus tube group and 53.3% of the NGT group underwent surgery.For recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction,ileus tube was also significantly more effective than NGT(95.8% vs 31.6%).In the ileus tube group,the drainage output on the first day and the length of hospital stay were significantly different depending on the treatment success or failure(P < 0.05).The abdominal radiographic improvement was correlated with whether or not the patient underwent surgery.CONCLUSION:Ileus tube can be used for adhesive small bowel obstruction.Endoscopic placement of the ileus tube is convenient and worthy to be promoted despite the potential risks.展开更多
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an esterase and lactonase synthesized by the liver and found in the circulation associated with high-density lipoproteins. The physiological function of PON1 seems to be to degrade specific oxi...Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an esterase and lactonase synthesized by the liver and found in the circulation associated with high-density lipoproteins. The physiological function of PON1 seems to be to degrade specific oxidized cholesteryl esters and oxidized phospholipids in lipoproteins and cell membranes. PON1 is, therefore, an antioxidant enzyme. Alterations in circulating PON1 levels have been reported in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including chronic liver diseases. Measurement of serum PON1 activity has been proposed as a potential test for the evaluation of liver function. However, this measurement is still restricted to research and has not been extensively applied in routine clinical chemistry laboratories. The reason for this restriction is due to the problem that the substrate commonly used for PON1 measurement, paraoxon, is toxic and unstable. The recent development of new assays with non-toxic substrates makes this proposal closer to a practical development. The present editorial summarizes PON1 biochemistry and function, its involvement with chronic liver impairment, and some aspects related to the measurement of PON1 activity in circulation.展开更多
This paper presents one of many possible applications of Bayesian inference predictive context of planned tests. We are particularly interested in the use of predictive Bayesian approach in clinical trials or objectiv...This paper presents one of many possible applications of Bayesian inference predictive context of planned tests. We are particularly interested in the use of predictive Bayesian approach in clinical trials or objective is the development of important evidence of an effect of interest We offer the procedure based on the notion of satisfaction index which is a function of the p-value and we look forward, given the available data to calculate a forecast for future satisfaction data as predictive Bayesian hope this index conditional on previous observations. To illustrate the proposed procedure, several models have been studied by choosing the prior distribution justify the reasons of objectivity or neutrality that underlie the analysis of experimental data.展开更多
Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are tumor cells that enter the blood circulation after detaching from the primary tumor and can migrate to reach distant organs, where they can give rise to aggressive metastasis. Clinica...Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are tumor cells that enter the blood circulation after detaching from the primary tumor and can migrate to reach distant organs, where they can give rise to aggressive metastasis. Clinical studies have revealed that the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood is correlated with disease progression in lung cancer. However, as CTCs are rare cancer cells released from tumors into the bloodstream, both enrichment and sensitive detection methods are technically challenging. In order to best understand how CTCs are currently being deployed, this review mainly focuses on the different detection methods for CTCs. Furthermore, we will describe the clinical impact of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer and discuss their potential use as biomarker to guide the prognosis.展开更多
文摘Background: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of cognitive sym ptoms for the diagnosis and management of atypical parkinsonian syndromes, the c ognitive assessment of the patients in clinical practice often remains very limi ted.Objectives: To examine the ability of a brief and simple cognitive screening test to detect cognitive deficits in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE), the mini-mental state examination(M MSE), and the dementia rating scale (DRS) were applied to 26 patients with multi ple system atrophy (MSA), 39 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 25 w ith cortico basal degeneration (CBD). The results were then compared with those obtained in 30 healthy age matched volunteers and 30 patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Results: In all four diseases the rate of detection of cognitive impair ment on ACE was higher than on MMSE and comparable with DRS. The severity of cog nitive impairment was most pronounced in the CBD group, which showed a similar d egree of impairment to the Alzheimer group.In contrast, MSA patients were the le ast cognitively impaired.The PSP group took an intermediate position. Conclusion s:Cognitive impairment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes can be detected using a brief and clinically applicable bedside test such as ACE.
文摘AIM:To study the therapeutic efficacy of a new transnasal ileus tube advanced endoscopically for adhesive small bowel obstruction.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction treated from September 2007 to February 2011 were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study.The endoscopically advanced new ileus tube was used for gastrointestinal decompression in 96 patients and ordinary nasogastric tube(NGT) was used in 90 patients.The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Compared with the NGT group,the ileus tube group experienced significantly shorter time for relief of clinical symptoms and improvement in the findings of abdominal radiograph(4.1 ± 2.3 d vs 8.5 ± 5.0 d) and laboratory tests(P < 0.01).The overall effectiveness rate was up to 89.6% in the ileus tube group and 46.7% in the NGT group(P < 0.01).And 10.4% of the patients in the ileus tube group and 53.3% of the NGT group underwent surgery.For recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction,ileus tube was also significantly more effective than NGT(95.8% vs 31.6%).In the ileus tube group,the drainage output on the first day and the length of hospital stay were significantly different depending on the treatment success or failure(P < 0.05).The abdominal radiographic improvement was correlated with whether or not the patient underwent surgery.CONCLUSION:Ileus tube can be used for adhesive small bowel obstruction.Endoscopic placement of the ileus tube is convenient and worthy to be promoted despite the potential risks.
基金Supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria,FIS 00/0232,02/0430, 05/1607the Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ, C03/02,C03/08,G03/015the Generalitat de Catalunya,FI 05/00068
文摘Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an esterase and lactonase synthesized by the liver and found in the circulation associated with high-density lipoproteins. The physiological function of PON1 seems to be to degrade specific oxidized cholesteryl esters and oxidized phospholipids in lipoproteins and cell membranes. PON1 is, therefore, an antioxidant enzyme. Alterations in circulating PON1 levels have been reported in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including chronic liver diseases. Measurement of serum PON1 activity has been proposed as a potential test for the evaluation of liver function. However, this measurement is still restricted to research and has not been extensively applied in routine clinical chemistry laboratories. The reason for this restriction is due to the problem that the substrate commonly used for PON1 measurement, paraoxon, is toxic and unstable. The recent development of new assays with non-toxic substrates makes this proposal closer to a practical development. The present editorial summarizes PON1 biochemistry and function, its involvement with chronic liver impairment, and some aspects related to the measurement of PON1 activity in circulation.
文摘This paper presents one of many possible applications of Bayesian inference predictive context of planned tests. We are particularly interested in the use of predictive Bayesian approach in clinical trials or objective is the development of important evidence of an effect of interest We offer the procedure based on the notion of satisfaction index which is a function of the p-value and we look forward, given the available data to calculate a forecast for future satisfaction data as predictive Bayesian hope this index conditional on previous observations. To illustrate the proposed procedure, several models have been studied by choosing the prior distribution justify the reasons of objectivity or neutrality that underlie the analysis of experimental data.
基金Supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.H201335)Development Center for Medical Science and Technology,Ministry of Health,China(No.W2012FZ105)
文摘Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are tumor cells that enter the blood circulation after detaching from the primary tumor and can migrate to reach distant organs, where they can give rise to aggressive metastasis. Clinical studies have revealed that the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood is correlated with disease progression in lung cancer. However, as CTCs are rare cancer cells released from tumors into the bloodstream, both enrichment and sensitive detection methods are technically challenging. In order to best understand how CTCs are currently being deployed, this review mainly focuses on the different detection methods for CTCs. Furthermore, we will describe the clinical impact of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer and discuss their potential use as biomarker to guide the prognosis.
