《史记》中之“为人”及其研究

懿之发表的《司马迁的为人之道》一文,是对施丁所写《司马迁为人学》专著的评论,是对该书的全面总结和概括;施先生在弥留之际给笔者的赠书和字幅,表达了他的心意和处境,可永雪由此而引发出感想,对"为人"问题他们之间的"深有所契";可先生在他出版的三部著作中反映了他对"为人"的关注,并一直进行着探讨;通过对《史记》中具体三方面的"为人"释例,认为"为人"是司马迁所写传目中的主线条。

On English teaching from psychology and cognition

In English teaching, it is necessary to pay attention to students＇ psychology and cognition in order to make them harmonious and effective. Therefore, English teacher would change their teaching opinions, realizing teaching object, guiding student＇s minds and ideas to study by some measures, such as accordant teaching and study, making students as a base in study, and students＇ self-study. In other words, making student study actively rather than passively is much better for their English abilities.

Pedogenic and Anthropogenic Influence on Calcium and Magnesium Behaviors in Stagnic Anthrosols

The formation of Stagnic Anthrosols is closely related to rice planting and parent materials. Six representative pedons, two from each of three Stagnic Anthrosol subgroups, Vertic Haplic-, Vertic Gleyic-, and Sulfic Gleyic-Stagnic Anthrosols, from different parent materials and soil formation processes, from Liaoning Province, China, were selected and used along with additional supporting data to assess the potential impact in each soil subgroup combination of both pedogenic and anthropogenic factors on the migration and geochemical characteristics of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and their relations to soil particle-size composition. Results revealed that exchangeable Mg was correlated positively with clay and silt content, but negatively with sand content, suggesting that clay and silt could retain more exchangeable Mg than sand. Also, in the six pedons exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios generally decreased with depth, which was most likely due to the preferential retention of Mg below the Apl horizon and the effects of bio-cycling in rice-soil systems. The pedons with high pH had smaller exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios than those with low pH. Thus, it was concluded that exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios could be helpful in classification of Stagnic Anthrosols.

Alteration of certain soil microbiological and biochemical indices of a paddy soil under anthropogenic stress

A 21-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides (insecticide, herbicide, fungicide) on paddy field soil health under controlled moisture (flooded soil) and temperature (25 ℃) environment. The electron transport system (ETS)/Dehydrogenase activity showed negative correlation with pesticides concentrations, decreased with increase of pesticide concentration. The higher doses(5 to 10 times field rates) of pesticides significantly inhibited ETS activity, while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect on the control. The toxicity of pesticides in decreasing the ETS activity was in the order: insecticide > fungicide > herbicide, irrespective of their rates of application. The pesticides increased the soil phenol content, which increased with increasing concentration of agrochemicals. The pesticide application did not produce any significant change in soil protein content. The response of biomass phospholipid content was nearly similar to that of ETS activity. The phospholipid content decreased with the addition of pesticides in the order insecticide > fungicide > herbicide and the toxicity was in the order: 10 FR (field rate) > 5 FR > 1.0 FR > 0.5 FR > control.

Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress:Converging evidence and hypotheses

In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].

Changes in tree species diversity and dominance across a disturbance gradient in Nepalese Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forests

Disturbance is often touted as a management tool, as moderate disturbance is believed to enhance diversity; thus an understanding of frequent and fluctuating disturbance regimes in forests and their effects on stand structure, dominance and diversity is very crucial. Here, the effects of different disturbance regimes, along a gradient, on diversity and dominance of five Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.-dominated forests were investigated in 25 one-ha plots in Nepal. A total of 67 tree species were recorded; of which 41 species were encountered in least disturbed and 10 species in beavily disturbed forest. Significant variations among forests were observed for all measures of alpha diversity. Alpha diversity measures declined linearly along a disturbance gradient while dominance increased linearly. Relative basal area of S. robusta increased as the level of disturbance increased, which in turn produced more than two-fold higher important value index in heavily disturbed forest than the least disturbed forest. All alpha diversity measures declined in an order of three with increasing relative basal area of S. robusta. The similarity in species composition between each pair of disturbed forests was generally low （Jaccard＇s similarity index 〈 57%）, suggesting a higher Beta diversity, It can be concluded that diversity of Sal forests declines with increasing magnitude of disturbance, which in turn favors a higher domi- nance of S. robusta. Controlling the population of the dominant species, mainly S. robusta, is recommended to enhance diversity and to achieve multiple-use forest management objectives.

Anthropogenic Effect on Deposition Dynamics of Lake Sediments Based on ^(137)Cs and ^(210)Pb_(ex) Techniques in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China

Radionuclide dating techniques characterized by137Cs and210Pbex have recently been applied in the study of lake sediments around the world.In this study,a chronological series of sediment cores was established based on137Cs and210Pbex analyses along with the evaluation of sediment properties,such as particle size distribution,total organic carbon(TOC),carbonate content,and acid-insoluble residue,to study sediment accumulation rates,sediment sources,and responses to human activities in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in southwestern China.In terms of the particle size distribution of sediments,silt content was the highest,and clay and sand contents were relatively low.The sediments displayed high TOC contents because of the significant amounts of vegetation grown in the lakes.The carbonate content was also high due to the overall geological background of carbonates in Jiuzhaigou.Carbonate content tended to decline from top to bottom in the sediment cores,whereas the acid-insoluble residue tended to increase.These results suggested that the depth variation of the environmental parameters of the sediments in two lakes in Jiuzhaigou would correspond to each other.The results indicated that the sediment rate of Jiuzhaigou was generally high with strong siltation,indicating that serious soil loss was induced by intensive human activities in the basin over the past decades.The increases in the mass accumulation rate,contents of acid-insoluble residue,and mean particle size during the periods of 1840–1900s,late 1930s–early 1950s,1966–1978,and2003–2006 revealed the occurrence of severe soil and water loss as a result of extensive agricultural expansion,large-scale deforestation,and road construction in Jiuzhaigou.The deposition rate and the properties of lacustrine sediments could reflect the significant impact of human activities on lake sedimentation during Jiuzhaigou′s history.

On Mechanisms of Human Behavior： The ＂Mind Blindness Phenomenon＂ in Philosophy, Religion, Science, and Medicine

The phenomenon described here has no scientific title, but occurs frequently in daily living, from science to philosophy, religion, and medicine. In every field of human endeavor, when a view is expressed, sharp and profound differences of opinion ensue. Initially, we coin this phenomenon as ＂understanding blindness＂ or ＂mind＇s awareness.＂ Thereafter, we decide to refer to it as ＂mind blindness,＂ a concept introduced to science by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, who coins it for a cognitive disorder associated with autism, Asperger＇s syndrome, and schizophrenia. Baron-Cohen＇s usage has subsequently been extended to dementia, bi-polar disorders, antisocial personality disorders, and even normal aging. In our view, definition and identification of ＂mind blindness＂ in philosophy, religion, science, medicine, and at end-of-life care can help mankind to better understand mechanisms of human behavior, and the causes of conflicts, controversies, contradictions, and sharp differences of opinion in human life, and even to solve some of them.

Research on the Construction of College Student Cadres Team From the Perspective of the Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In this paper, I carried on the research under the guidance of the theory of hierarchy of needs, and preventing a detailed work plan. During the research, we cleared for measures, which were ＂adhere to the people-oriented, mining the potential of students, make up the insufficient to properly resolve the crisis, to create a learning atmosphere＂. So it provides a new idea for promoting the construction and development of college student cadres, and maintains the stability of the campus and the construction of harmonious campus.

Evaluation of the propensity for coal spontaneous combustion based on catastrophe theory

Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, ＂catastrophe temperature＂, be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.

Application of Clothing Ergonomics in Clothing Design

With the continuous development of society and culture,clothing is not just to make people feel warn. Production, design, and continuous innovation of appare aim to make clothing serve people better, satisfy the demand of more people, and let people feel more comfortable, safer, more hygienic and more convenient. People would have more scientific and effective way in dominating his own clothing style, making clothes serving for people.

Evolution of research methods in Psychology

psychology has more than 100 years developmwnt history, and make great success during this time. But in the after development, psychology met the unprecedented contradiction and conflict, facing division and broken, and in the embrassmed situation of divorced from society, positive psychology is emerge as the times requirement in this crisis. In order to better guide the development to positive psychology, providing philosophical theory and instructions on methodology,it is neeessary to discuss about the positive psycholog from a philosophical perspective. Since 1879 the western modern psychology come into being, the psychology of natural science orientation has been the mainstream of psychology. In addition, admit the uniqueness of man, attention to people＇s inner experience of humanistic psychology, also occupies a space in the confrontation with the reflection of the mainstream of scientific psychology, positive psychology from the research content to lead psychology to another port, but the research methods are not completely abandon the previous research methods of positivism psychology, but more introduced humanism based on the oositivism research method of scientific oriented.

A Holistic Model for the Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies of the Entrepreneur XXI： The Tree Model

In the present article it will be critically questioned the traditional entrepreneurship education approaches based on a narrow conception of competency, and their values. Assuming the perspective that to be an entrepreneur is basically an attitude towards life and the world, there proposed holistic, constructivist and experiential processes and strategies for entrepreneurship education. The ＂entrepreneur XXI＂, must be able to undertake a social function of change, so, an economical and social development more human, ethical and intelligent. Under this assumption, the ＂Tree Model for the Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies＂, that will be discussed globally in the second part of this article, suggests a dynamic and experiential approach ofentrepreneurship education based on the qualification of people＇s behaviour, self-esteem, competencies and experiences; a profile of key behavioural and performance competencies （root）, experimental pedagogical procedures （trunk） and real results within group projects （fruits）. This model has been developed during the last decade （2001-2011）, using a multidisciplinary research-action procedure, within business, education （at different teaching levels） and social project environments.

Advancing Climate Dynamics Toward Reliable Regional Climate Projections

With a scientific consensus reached regarding the anthropogenic effect on global mean temperature, developing reliable regional climate projections has emerged as a new challenge for climate science. A national project was launched in China in 2012 to study ocean's role in regional climate change. This paper starts with a review of recent advances in the study of regional climate re-sponse to global warming, followed by a description of the Chinese project including the rationale, objectives, and plan for field ob-servations. The 15 research articles that follow in the special issue are highlighted, representing some of the initial results from the project.

The Great Semblance Is Invisible Lao tzu and Chuang tzu＇s Cognitive Aesthetics

In the paper I will research Lao tzu and Chuang tzu＇s cognitive aesthetics based on the generalized cognizance. Lao tzu and Chuang tzu are the representative figures of Taoism in pre-Qin period, they fully affirm the natural and human nature, naysay affirm human social, cultural and moral, cancel the traditional music, naysay affirm material, they pursue art which is eligibility natural and completely abandon the man-made things, esthetical state according with Tao. They think the great voice is no sound, the great semblance is invisible, the no sound voice and invisible semblance are insight native beauty which are associated with a specific aesthetic feeling but surpass the limited aesthetic feeling, all is the highest state of art and beauty, reach this level, in fact, has entered the Tao. In order to reach this state, they asked people to cleanse away inner desire and external disturbance, keep simplicity, abandon knowledge and wisdom, keep heart bright and clean, forget everything in order to contact the natural law with the nature, the nature＇s mystery runs automatically, the sounds of nature sound itself. About the invisible semblance aesthetic, they put forward the concepts such as gain its meaning but forget the word, illocutionary force

Researches On The Robot Obstacle Avoidance Based On Fuzzy Control

With the continuous development of modem sensor technology, coupled with the integration of artificial intelligence and a variety of emerging computer technology, it makes robots more intelligent and diverse.So the ability of the robot to complete the task is also valued and widely used.In this paper, the whole covered area of the local path planning uses a fuzzy control algorithm,which uses the robustness and an action of perception based on the biological behavior of the fuzzy control algorithm combined with itself.For obstacle avoidance system of mobile robots,we put forward the avoidance strategy of fully contacting the obstacles.And we have conducted a deep study about the theory and implementation methods.

The Roots of Psychological Trauma and Post-TraumaticStress Reaction/Disorders and the Intervention

Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.

In situ Colonization of Marine Biofilms on UNS S32760 Duplex Stainless Steel Coupons in Areas with Different Water Qualities： Implications for Corrosion Potential Behavior

In the presence of biofilms, stainless steels （SS） exhibits an increase in corrosion potential, called ennoblement. In the present study, the corrosion potential （Eco,） behavior of the duplex SS UNS S32760 was recorded simultaneously with the in situ marine biofilm formation in two areas at Arraial do Cabo, Southeastern Brazil. The biofilm at Forno Harbor （an anthropogenically disturbed area） was characterized by higher relative abundances of Bacteria at day 2, followed by diatoms （especially Navicula sp.） on day 10 and dinoflagellates on day 18, whereas no clear trend was recorded at Cabo Frio Island （an undisturbed area）. The ennoblement of Ecor values was site-dependent. In a complementary laboratory assay, biofilms were removed and the Eco values registered in sterile conditions for the subsequent 10 days and corroborated in situ results. Understanding biofilms and SS interactions has important implications for materials science and engineering decisions as well as helping to fill in imnortant gaps in this knowledge.

Study on College English Teaching from the Perspective of Humanism

In the eyes of humanists, the value of people is the most important. This view corresponds with modern education values and development direction, which has profound influence on university English teaching. It introduces humanism theory into language teaching field, and humanism emphasizes that language teaching is not only to teach language, but also to help students obtain their own development. This paper tries to take humanism as the perspective, talking about the current college English teaching, hoping to have a certain enlightening significance.

Kinetic Behaviors of Catalysis-Driven Growth of Three-Species Aggregates on Base of Exchange-Driven Aggregations

We propose a solvable aggregation model to mimic the evolution of population A, asset B, and the quantifiable resource C in a society. In this system, the population and asset aggregates themselves grow through selfexchanges with the rate kernels Kl（k,j） = K1kj and K2（h,j） = K2kj, respectively. The actions of the population and asset aggregations on the aggregation evolution of resource aggregates are described by the population-catalyzed monomer death of resource aggregates and asset-catalyzed monomer birth of resource aggregates with the rate kerne/s J1（k,j）=J1k and J2（k,j） = J2k, respectively. Meanwhile, the asset and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of population aggregates with the rate kernel I1 （k,i,j） = I1ki^μjη, and population and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of asset aggregates with the rate kernel /2（k, i, j） = I2ki^νj^η. The kinetic behaviors of species A, B, and C are investigated by means of the mean-field rate equation approach. The effects of the population-catalyzed death and asset-catalyzed birth on the evolution of resource aggregates based on the self-exchanges of population and asset appear in effective forms. The coefficients of the effective population-catalyzed death and the asset-catalyzed birth are expressed as J1e = J1/K1 and J2e= J2/K2, respectively. The aggregate size distribution of C species is found to be crucially dominated by the competition between the effective death and the effective birth. It satisfies the conventional scaling form, generalized scaling form, and modified scaling form in the cases of J1e〈J2e, J1e=J2e, and J1e〉J2e, respectively. Meanwhile, we also find the aggregate size distributions of populations and assets both fall into two distinct categories for different parameters μ,ν, and η： （i） When μ=ν=η=0 and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates obey the generalized scaling forms; and （ii） When μ=ν=1,η=0, and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates experience gelation transitions at finite times and the scaling forms break down.