Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlatio...Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlation of soil. nutrients, to provide references for a deep research on forest nature reserve soil and its protection. The distribution of forest soil nutrients has significant spatial heterogeneity, and its final distribution pattern is the result of joint action of environmental factors, including topography, vegetation, soil type, seasonal change as well as soil microorganism, and human factors. In natural ecosystem, environmental factors are the main factors that determine the differences of soil nutrients. Effective human management can promote the accumulation of forest soil nutrients, but improper interference will cause a significant loss of soil nutrients. Accurate soil quality evaluation can objectively clarify the impact of different soil management practices on soil, contributing to the timely adjustment of management measures. The establishment of long-term soil monitoring stations in forest nature reserves is a good way to master the influencing factors and the mechanism of forest soil nutrients, and can ultimately provide theoretical guidance for a sustainable and healthy operation of forest nature reserve.展开更多
Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Ow...Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Owing to different physical conditions and land uses, the aothropogenic soil-forming processes are various.Anthrosols are proposed, and the corresponding soil order is set up in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST). Mainly based on 6 Anthropogenic diagnostic horizons, which are anthraquic epipedon, hydragric horizon, irragric epipedon, cumulic epipedon, fimic epipedon and agric horizon, the Anthrosols Order is subdivided into 2 soil suborders and 4 soil groups. Meanwhile the classification of Anthrosols in CST has been basically accepted as the classification of Anthrosols in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).展开更多
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain form...The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of our rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT)program on symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)undergoing chemotherapy.Met...Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of our rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT)program on symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to May 2021,fifty-six patients with CRC in a hospital in the Hunan Province were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=28)and a control group(n=28).The patients in the intervention group completed a 6-week REBT program based on routine nursing care,including four courses:1)establish a relationship and formulate health files;2)group communications and study symptom management;3)continuously provide health knowledge and strengthen healthy behavior;and 4)review the treatment and summary.The control group maintained routine nursing care.The simplified Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form(MSASeSFeSC),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale were used to investigate and compare the intervention effects of the two groups at baseline(T1,before the intervention),four weeks(T2),and six weeks(T3)after the intervention.Results:The intervention group was significantly improved in symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state,compared with the control group.At T2,MSASeSFeSC(24.43±4.26 vs.28.07±3.91),symptom distress(17.29±4.04 vs.19.39±3.59),symptom frequency(7.14±1.51 vs.8.68±1.42),HADS(13.68±3.38 vs.15.86±3.79),anxiety(3.89±1.85 vs.5.18±2.18),and depression(9.79±2.06 vs.10.68±2.23),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).At T3,MSASeSFeSC(23.89±3.54 vs.30.14±3.94),symptom distress(17.61±3.52 vs.21.32±3.57),symptom frequency(6.29±1.49 vs.8.82±1.47),HADS(11.82±2.57 vs.16.29±3.13),anxiety(3.21±1.64 vs.5.61±1.77),and depression(8.61±1.52 vs.10.68±1.81),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The sleep state of the intervention group was better than the control group at T3,with decreased score of PSQI[4.00(3.00,8.00)vs.9.00(7.00,12.50),Z=-3.706,P<0.001].Conclusion:The 6-week REBT program can effectively improve the symptom,anxiety,depression,and sleep state of patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy,which could as a care plan for patients with CRC who are repeatedly admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy.展开更多
In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in...In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].展开更多
Shipboard operations as a hazardous process require the human element to be aware of any operation risks. Since the concept of human error exposed to ample arguments, the introduction of human element concerns to prac...Shipboard operations as a hazardous process require the human element to be aware of any operation risks. Since the concept of human error exposed to ample arguments, the introduction of human element concerns to practices rather than other means is essential because the provenance of accidents is human error. HRA （human reliability assessment） is a theoretical framework to assess the human actions for predicting the potential human error probability of a certain given task or operation scenario. Furthermore, surveillance of the human performance is through the task by steps and sub-steps. The CREAM （cognitive reliability and error analysis method） tool is the second generation of HRA which emphasizes the features of the context and utilized as retrospective and prospective tool. The paper illustrates the basic and extended version of CREAM and its suitability for critical shipboard operations safety assessment.展开更多
Compared with the traditional examinations, the paperless examination of the computer elementary course can not only realize the assessment of the theoretical knowledge, but also can carry out the assessment of the ac...Compared with the traditional examinations, the paperless examination of the computer elementary course can not only realize the assessment of the theoretical knowledge, but also can carry out the assessment of the actual operations of some of the operational computer subjects, which can make it more comprehensive. Through the computer evaluation, we can make the results consistent, and get rid of the human interference as far as possible, and thus it can prevent the emergence of the human errors, to ensure fairness and justice of the tests. This issue is analyzed and discussed in the following.展开更多
Katherine Mansfield （1888-1923）, a New Zealand＇s celebrated short story writer, was famous for her exquisite portrayals of women and she made great contribution to the British short story as well. Greatly influence...Katherine Mansfield （1888-1923）, a New Zealand＇s celebrated short story writer, was famous for her exquisite portrayals of women and she made great contribution to the British short story as well. Greatly influenced by Anton Chekhov, her writing fmnly fixed on the small details of human behavior. She created her best works in the early 1920s, and her book, The Garden Party, arrived at the peak of great achievement. Set in England, her short story, Mr. and Mrs. Dove, described a story about the man＇s last day in England and a series of things that happened to his visit to his beloved woman＇s home which presented the relationships between his mom and him, and his beloved woman and him. This paper mainly explores the feminist thoughts of the female characters. The paper concludes that the awakening awareness of women in this story was obviously from the perspectives of striking against the patriarchal system and Mansfield was actually a feminist pioneer who promoted the development of feminism in the whole world.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism of cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy people. Methods: A total of 6 cases of volunteer healthy subjects (3 males a...Objective: To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism of cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy people. Methods: A total of 6 cases of volunteer healthy subjects (3 males and 3 females) ranging in age from 22 to 36 years were subjected to this study. Changes of cerebral glucose metabolism before and after electro-scalp acupuncture were observed by using positron emission tomography (PET) and semi-quantifying analysis method. Electro-scalp acupuncture stimulation (50 Hz, 2 mA) of Middle Line of Vertex (Ding zhongxian,顶中线,MS5), Middle Line of Forehead (Ezhongxian, 额中线,MS1) and bilateral Lateral Line 1 of Forehead (Epangyixian,额旁一线,MS2) was administered for 30 minutes. Then cerebral regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen and their average glucose metabolism levels (radioactivity of 18 fluorine deoxyglucose) were analyzed. Results: After administration of electro-scalp acupuncture, the glucose metabolism levels in bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudate nuclei, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum increased significantly in comparison with those of pre stimulation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electro-scalp acupuncture of MSI, MS2 and MS5 can increase the glucose metabolism of certain cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy subjects.展开更多
Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and th...Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Biodiversity Protection of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China(214704)the Special Fund for the Fundamentak Works of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2008FY110304)~~
文摘Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlation of soil. nutrients, to provide references for a deep research on forest nature reserve soil and its protection. The distribution of forest soil nutrients has significant spatial heterogeneity, and its final distribution pattern is the result of joint action of environmental factors, including topography, vegetation, soil type, seasonal change as well as soil microorganism, and human factors. In natural ecosystem, environmental factors are the main factors that determine the differences of soil nutrients. Effective human management can promote the accumulation of forest soil nutrients, but improper interference will cause a significant loss of soil nutrients. Accurate soil quality evaluation can objectively clarify the impact of different soil management practices on soil, contributing to the timely adjustment of management measures. The establishment of long-term soil monitoring stations in forest nature reserves is a good way to master the influencing factors and the mechanism of forest soil nutrients, and can ultimately provide theoretical guidance for a sustainable and healthy operation of forest nature reserve.
文摘Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Owing to different physical conditions and land uses, the aothropogenic soil-forming processes are various.Anthrosols are proposed, and the corresponding soil order is set up in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST). Mainly based on 6 Anthropogenic diagnostic horizons, which are anthraquic epipedon, hydragric horizon, irragric epipedon, cumulic epipedon, fimic epipedon and agric horizon, the Anthrosols Order is subdivided into 2 soil suborders and 4 soil groups. Meanwhile the classification of Anthrosols in CST has been basically accepted as the classification of Anthrosols in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).
文摘The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.
基金support from the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.19A419).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of our rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT)program on symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to May 2021,fifty-six patients with CRC in a hospital in the Hunan Province were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=28)and a control group(n=28).The patients in the intervention group completed a 6-week REBT program based on routine nursing care,including four courses:1)establish a relationship and formulate health files;2)group communications and study symptom management;3)continuously provide health knowledge and strengthen healthy behavior;and 4)review the treatment and summary.The control group maintained routine nursing care.The simplified Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form(MSASeSFeSC),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale were used to investigate and compare the intervention effects of the two groups at baseline(T1,before the intervention),four weeks(T2),and six weeks(T3)after the intervention.Results:The intervention group was significantly improved in symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state,compared with the control group.At T2,MSASeSFeSC(24.43±4.26 vs.28.07±3.91),symptom distress(17.29±4.04 vs.19.39±3.59),symptom frequency(7.14±1.51 vs.8.68±1.42),HADS(13.68±3.38 vs.15.86±3.79),anxiety(3.89±1.85 vs.5.18±2.18),and depression(9.79±2.06 vs.10.68±2.23),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).At T3,MSASeSFeSC(23.89±3.54 vs.30.14±3.94),symptom distress(17.61±3.52 vs.21.32±3.57),symptom frequency(6.29±1.49 vs.8.82±1.47),HADS(11.82±2.57 vs.16.29±3.13),anxiety(3.21±1.64 vs.5.61±1.77),and depression(8.61±1.52 vs.10.68±1.81),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The sleep state of the intervention group was better than the control group at T3,with decreased score of PSQI[4.00(3.00,8.00)vs.9.00(7.00,12.50),Z=-3.706,P<0.001].Conclusion:The 6-week REBT program can effectively improve the symptom,anxiety,depression,and sleep state of patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy,which could as a care plan for patients with CRC who are repeatedly admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy.
文摘In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].
文摘Shipboard operations as a hazardous process require the human element to be aware of any operation risks. Since the concept of human error exposed to ample arguments, the introduction of human element concerns to practices rather than other means is essential because the provenance of accidents is human error. HRA （human reliability assessment） is a theoretical framework to assess the human actions for predicting the potential human error probability of a certain given task or operation scenario. Furthermore, surveillance of the human performance is through the task by steps and sub-steps. The CREAM （cognitive reliability and error analysis method） tool is the second generation of HRA which emphasizes the features of the context and utilized as retrospective and prospective tool. The paper illustrates the basic and extended version of CREAM and its suitability for critical shipboard operations safety assessment.
文摘Compared with the traditional examinations, the paperless examination of the computer elementary course can not only realize the assessment of the theoretical knowledge, but also can carry out the assessment of the actual operations of some of the operational computer subjects, which can make it more comprehensive. Through the computer evaluation, we can make the results consistent, and get rid of the human interference as far as possible, and thus it can prevent the emergence of the human errors, to ensure fairness and justice of the tests. This issue is analyzed and discussed in the following.
文摘Katherine Mansfield （1888-1923）, a New Zealand＇s celebrated short story writer, was famous for her exquisite portrayals of women and she made great contribution to the British short story as well. Greatly influenced by Anton Chekhov, her writing fmnly fixed on the small details of human behavior. She created her best works in the early 1920s, and her book, The Garden Party, arrived at the peak of great achievement. Set in England, her short story, Mr. and Mrs. Dove, described a story about the man＇s last day in England and a series of things that happened to his visit to his beloved woman＇s home which presented the relationships between his mom and him, and his beloved woman and him. This paper mainly explores the feminist thoughts of the female characters. The paper concludes that the awakening awareness of women in this story was obviously from the perspectives of striking against the patriarchal system and Mansfield was actually a feminist pioneer who promoted the development of feminism in the whole world.
基金Subsidized by National Nature Science Foundation of China(30100246)
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism of cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy people. Methods: A total of 6 cases of volunteer healthy subjects (3 males and 3 females) ranging in age from 22 to 36 years were subjected to this study. Changes of cerebral glucose metabolism before and after electro-scalp acupuncture were observed by using positron emission tomography (PET) and semi-quantifying analysis method. Electro-scalp acupuncture stimulation (50 Hz, 2 mA) of Middle Line of Vertex (Ding zhongxian,顶中线,MS5), Middle Line of Forehead (Ezhongxian, 额中线,MS1) and bilateral Lateral Line 1 of Forehead (Epangyixian,额旁一线,MS2) was administered for 30 minutes. Then cerebral regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen and their average glucose metabolism levels (radioactivity of 18 fluorine deoxyglucose) were analyzed. Results: After administration of electro-scalp acupuncture, the glucose metabolism levels in bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudate nuclei, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum increased significantly in comparison with those of pre stimulation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electro-scalp acupuncture of MSI, MS2 and MS5 can increase the glucose metabolism of certain cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy subjects.
文摘Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.
