张载的为学观探微

尊礼贵德是张载之学的显著特征。在张载看来,对于礼和德的体悟只有在不断的道德实践中才能实现,这实质上就是“学”的过程。基于此,张载以“成德”为为学之内涵,以“知礼成性”为为学之本质,以“以礼立教”为为学之方法,以“学必至圣”为为学之目标,围绕“成德”之学阐释了他的为学观,突出了为学对个体成长和社会发展的重要意义,也进一步彰显了其“尊礼贵德”的为学指向。

论大学生传统为学观教育及其现代价值

研究传统,目的在于现代运用,从历史传统中汲取营养,突破历史局限,并结合时代特点,进行综合创新,实现其现代价值。当代大学生学习观的主流是积极向上的,但也存在一些偏差",放"学、"用"学、"欺"学是其典型。传统为学观内涵丰富,包括志学、好学和博学等,其折射出的理念对学习知识有启发意义。传统为学观可以激发大学生的学习热情,提高个体综合素质;营造良好学风,促进现代大学精神建设;促使大学生不断增强本领,为全面建成小康社会奠定基础。

论唐甄的为学观

唐甄是清初有一定影响的进步思想家,学界对其为学观的研究是不够的。唐甄言学表现出强烈的现实性特征,既对世风之学弊提出了批评,也积极提倡新学风。唐甄在学术上走着一条独特的道路。他谈学术,表达的却是对现实政治的体悟与观察,不是单纯就学术而谈学术。唐甄在批判宋明以来虚浮无实的学风的基础上,形成了自己独特的治学惟实的思想体系。

王阳明心学为学观的价值导向再认识

王阳明心学为学观,倡导从良知者心之本体的本原出发,主张以致良知为事的实践功夫,以实现心之本体复归之现实可能。心学为学观,继承儒家内圣外王之学,开创心学为学篇,即为圣之学的心学路径。文章旨在论述王阳明心学为学思想的生命智慧及逻辑体现,挖掘心学复归心之本体的现实可能。同时,分析心学为学观将价值原则成为贯穿一切精神活动及教育活动统率之纲的价值内核和时代弊端,以期对当下某些德育问题以及培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人提供有价值的思路和内容。

秦观的人才为学观

秦观重视人才的养、取、任与经世致用的紧密结合,又极力主张人才的涵养心性。在其为学观上,统摄三教,而瑕瑜并存。秦观的人才为学观对于我们认识北宋中期教育、学术很有启发意义。

孔子的为学观对自考生的借鉴价值-从《论语》说起

本文通过对儒家经典著作《论语》为学观地分析、解读,结合孔子教学思想及切身体会和自考生的特殊情况,从自觉意识的树立、"志"与"学"的观念以及终身学习的理念等三个方面出发,吸收、借鉴《论语》中关于为学的思想,给自考生树立一个较为系统全面的为学观,为自考生在未来学习、工作、生活中实现自身价值,促进自身的全面发展打下坚实的基础。为实现"形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会,促进人的全面发展"[1]的目标而奋斗。

从黄溍的题跋文看其为学观

元人黄溍传世墨迹中以题跋文为多,内容涵盖甚广,论述精微覃奥,是研究其真实心理、思想见地以及审美趣尚的重要文本。其中有关为学理论的文字极为丰富,具体而言,他对受学之人师承和师法的强调、对为学时端正态度的重视以及为学何以致用的论述,于今仍有借鉴与反思价值。在婺州学派相继陷入发展窘境时,黄溍以融会贯通的为学精神摄理学、心学和事功诸学于一炉,推动了元末明初之际婺中学风的承继与开新。

王■运教育观简论

王■运为晚清书院教育倾注了半生心血,做出了历史贡献,其教育思想对近代川湘两省的学风变化产生了一定影响,培育了一批英才。王■运"老而劬学"的为学观、"有教无类"的施教观、"通经致用"的人才观彰显出其独特的教育观。

Segregation in fusion weld of 2219 aluminum alloy and its influence on mechanical properties of weld

Three kinds of welds were made using low frequency pulse current variable polarity tungsten inter gas （LPVPTIG） with argon shielding, direct current TIG （DCTIG） with helium shielding and high frequency pulse current variable polarity TIG （HPVPTIG） with argon shielding, respectively. It was found that macrosegregation bands with large amount of thick continuous eutectics and microporosities formed in the LPVPTIG weld due to the fluctuation of the pulse varied heat input. Only microsegregation existed in the DCTIG weld and HPVPTIG weld. However,the HPVPTIG weld had lower extent of Cu microsegregation since its welding speed was slower. The tensile results indicated that the mechanical properties of the weld decreased with the increase of the segregation extent of Cu and porosities, and LPVPTIG weld had lower tensile properties in the longitudinal direction than those in the transverse direction due to the macrosegregation bands.

Effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and microstructures of creep aged 2124 aluminum alloy

A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of （200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h） as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S＂ and S＇ phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.

Traditional Chinese Aesthetics and Urban Landscape Design

Landscape designs for modern urban open spaces are studied on the basis of traditional aesthetics, while aesthetic basis and development orientation can be provided for such designs through studies on traditional aesthetics. It is hoped that landscape designs from aesthetic perspective can correct people’s aesthetic attitudes towards the city, transform their habitual aesthetic modes, so as to cultivate new aesthetic tastes.

Thermal Cyclic Effects of Metal Matrix Composites

Aim To simulate the thermal cyclic effects of metal matrix compeithe. Methods Based on Eshelby′s inclusion theory, a constitutive model for metal matrix composites and an elastic constraint method were formulated to predict the cyclic isothermal and cyclic thermomechanical behaviors of metal matrix composites. Results and Conclusion A SiC reinforced A1 2xxx-T4 composite was studied theoretically with the model. With the constitutive relation of the matrix, the mechanical behaviors of the composite under different loading condition, such as different loading rates, mechanical and thermal mechanical cyclic loading, can be quantitatively predicted. The thermal ratchetting effect of the composite can be predicted by the model.

Effect of ageing process on microstructure, corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of Al-5.6Zn-1.6Mg-0.05Zr alloy

The influence of different ageing processes on the microstructure, corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of extruded Al-5.6Zn-1.6Mg-0.05Zr(wt.%) alloy was studied in this work. The changes of morphology, size and distribution of MgZn_(2)precipitate with ageing temperature and time were revealed by optical and electron microscopy. Intergranular corrosion(IGC) and exfoliation corrosion(EXCO) tests were carried out to assess the changes in corrosion susceptibility of the tempered alloy, and some white spots on the surface of the sample aged for longer time were found to be precursors of pits. Electrochemical cyclic polarization test depicted the corrosion behavior under different tempers. Ageing influences on the mechanical behaviors of the alloy were revealed by evaluating its microhardness and tensile strength. The microscopic features of the strengthening phases determined by the ageing procedure directly affect the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy.

Effects of alga polysaccharide capsule shells on in-vivo bioavailability and disintegration

Gelatin has been used in hard capsule shells for more than a century, and some shortcomings have appeared, such as high moisture content and risk of transmitting diseases of animal origin to people. Based on available studies regarding gelatin and vegetable shells, we developed a new type of algal polysaccharide capsule (APPC) shells. To test whether our products can replace commercial gelatin shells, we measured in-vivo plasma concentration of 12 selected volunteers with a model drug, ibuprofen, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), by calculating the relative bioavailability of APPC and Qualicaps referenced to gelatin capsules and assessing bioequivalence of the three types of shells, and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters with the software DAS 2.0 (China). The results show that APPC shells possess bioequivalence with Qualicaps and gelatin shells. Moreover, the disintegration behavior of four types of shells (APPC, Vegcaps , Qualicaps and gelatin shells) with the content of lactose and radioactive element (99mTc) was observed via gamma-scintigraphic images. The bioavailability and gamma-scintigraphic studies showed that APPC was not statistically different from other vegetable and gelatin capsule shells with respect to in-vivo behavior. Hence, it can be concluded that APPCs are exchangeable with other vegetable and gelatin shells.

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructure and tribological behavior of Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced 7075 aluminum-matrix composites

The effects of hot extrusion and addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) on both microstructure and tribological behavior of 7075 composites were investigated via optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental consequences reveal that the optimal addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) was 2 wt%.After hot extrusion,the Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phases partially dissolve into the matrix and generate many uniformly distributed aging precipitation particles,the Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe phases are squeezed and broken,and the Al_(2)O_(3p) become uniform distribution.The microhardness of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites reaches HV 170.34,increased by 41.5%than as-cast composites.The wear rate of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites is further lower than that of as-cast composites under the same condition.SEM-EDS analyses reveal that the reinforced wear resistance of composites can put down to the protective effect of the Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced transition layer.After hot extrusion,the transition layer becomes stable,which determines the reinforced wear resistance of the as-extruded composites.

Effect of Li addition on mechanical properties and ageing precipitation behavior of extruded Al-3.0 Mg-0.5 Si alloy

The effect of Li(2.0 wt%)addition on mechanical properties and ageing precipitation behavior of Al-3.0 Mg 0.5 Si was investigated by tensile test,dynamic elasticity modulus test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)images.The results show that the tensile strength of the Li-containing alloy can be significantly improved;however,the ductility is sharply decreased and the fracture mechanism changes from ductile fracture to intergranular fracture.The elasticity modulus of the Li-containing alloy increases by 11.6%compared with the base alloy.The microstructure observation shows that the Li addition can absolutely change the precipitation behavior of the base alloy,andδ′-Al_(3)Li phase becomes the main precipitates.Besides,β′′-Mg_(2)Si andδ′-Al_(3)Li dual phases precipitation can be visibly observed at 170℃ ageing for 100 h,although the quantity ofδ′-Al_(3)Li phase is more thanβ′′-Mg_(2)Si phase.The width of the precipitate-free zone(PFZ)of the Li-containing alloy is much wider at the over-ageing state than the base alloy,which has a negative impact on the ductile and results in the decrease of elongation.

Role of Ag addition on microstructure,mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of porous Ti-30 at%Ta shape memory alloys

In the present study,the thermal,mechanical,and biological properties of xAg/Ti-30Ta(x=0,0.41,0.82 and 2.48 at%)shape memory alloys(SMAs)were investigated.The study was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),compression test,and shape memory testing.The xAg/Ti-Ta was made using a powder metallurgy technique and microwave-sintering process.The results revealed that the addition of Ag has a significant effect on the pore size and shape,whereas the smallest pore size of 11μm was found with the addition of 0.41 at%along with a relative density of 72%.The fracture stress and strain increased with the addition of Ag,reaching the minimum values around 0.41 at%Ag.Therefore,this composition showed the maximum stress and strain at fracture region.Moreover,0.82 Ag/Ti-Ta shows more excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility than other percentages,obtaining almost the same behaviour of the pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys,which can be recommended for their promising and potential response for biomaterial applications.

Evaluation of the propensity for coal spontaneous combustion based on catastrophe theory

Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, ＂catastrophe temperature＂, be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.

A numerical study of macro-mesoscopic mechanical properties of gangue backfill under biaxial compression

Based on the Particle Flow Code(PFC^(2D)) program,we set up gangue backfill models with different gangue contents and bond strength,and studied the stress-strain behaviours,the pattern of shear band and force chains,motion and fragmentation of particles under biaxial compression.The results show that when the bond strength or contents of gangue are high,the peak strength is high and the phenomena of post-peak softening and fluctuation are obvious.When gangue contents are low,the shape of the shear band is symmetrical and most strong force chains transfer in soil particles.With an increase in gangue content,the shape of the shear band becomes irregular and the majority of strong force chains turn to transfer in gangue particles gradually,most of which distribute along the axial direction.When the gangue content is higher than 50%,the interconnectivity of strong force chains decreases gradually:at the same time,the strong force chains become tilted and the stability of the system tends to decrease.With an increase in external loading,the coordination numbers of the system increase at first and then decrease and the main pattern of force chains changes into columnar from annular.However,after the forming of the advantageous shear band,the force chains external to the shear band maintain their columnar shape while the inner ones bend obviously.As a result,annular force chains form.

When Sensory Substitution Devices Strike Back： An Interactive Training Paradigm

A sensory substitution device （SSD） is a technology that translates information for one sensory modality, like vision, into information for use by another, like touch. Though SSDs have been in existence for over four decades, effective training techniques for their use are rarely discussed. In this paper, we compare three training strategies on a particular SSD known as the vOICe. These comparisons were conducted using a minimal but active search and localization task of luminescent discs. These studies show that an interactive training paradigm, which combines the efforts of two trainees at the same time in a tag-like game, is more effective than passive training at a computer console or active training involving search and localization of luminescent discs. This finding supports philosophical views of perception that take interaction with the environment seriously. In particular, we argue that these findings are in support of certain features of the extended mind view as proposed by Andy Clark （2008）. In particular, the study suggests that when environmental conditions are responsive to one＇s behavioral activity, the activity itself is enhanced, as is predicted by the extended mind view.