简析中国画语言之美

本文浅析了中国画语言融诗词美、书法美、音乐美于一炉,具有其他画种所不可比拟的形式美感等特色,并阐述了中国画语言的特点及运用的法则。

人类进食方式的重大变革起因初探

筷和刀叉的使用,是迄今人类社会发生的最重大的进食方式变革。进食方式的变革均伴生于社会历史重大变革时期。用筷变革发生在商亡周兴,周礼产生和推行之时。用刀叉变革则发生于欧洲中世纪末期,文艺复兴运动蓬勃开展之际。

浅析中国画构图原理

构图学是达到形式美的特征和传达思想的重要方法,研究构图的多种形式,是创造新的意境,推动中国画发展的重要因素。

High-extensible scene graph framework based on component techniques

In this paper, a novel component-based scene graph is proposed, in which all objects in the scene are classified to different entities, and a scene can be represented as a hierarchical graph composed of the instances of entities. Each entity contains basic data and its operations which are encapsulated into the entity component. The entity possesses certain behaviours which are responses to rules and interaction defined by the high-level application. Such behaviours can be described by script or behaviours model. The component-based scene graph in the paper is more abstractive and high-level than traditional scene graphs. The contents of a scene could be extended flexibly by adding new entities and new entity components, and behaviour modification can be obtained by modifying the model components or behaviour scripts. Its robustness and efficiency are verified by many examples implemented in the Virtual Scenario developed by Peking University.

Video object's behavior analyzing based on motion history image and hidden markov model

A novel method was proposed, which extracted video object＇ s track and analyzed video object＇ s be- havior. Firstly, this method tracked the video object based on motion history image, and obtained the co- ordinate-based track sequence and orientation-based track sequence of the video object. Then the pro- posed hidden markov model （HMM） based algorithm was used to analyze the behavior of video object with the track sequence as input. Experimental results on traffic object show that this method can achieve the statistics of a mass of traffic objects＇ behavior efficiently, can acquire the reasonable velocity behavior curve of traffic object, and can recognize traffic object＇ s various behaviors accurately. It provides a base for further research on video object behavior.

Effects of Three Plant Powders on Behaviour, Mortality and Reproductive Fitness of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The effects of powders from dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill., seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. on adult behaviour, mortality and reproductive fitness of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) were investigated under ambient laboratory conditions. All experiments were carried out in glass Petri plates. All powders elicited aversion in adult beetles. The contact toxicity symptoms included restlessness, loss of coordination, knock down and eventual death of adult beetles. These behaviours were more pronounced with E. aromatica in which adult beetles died within 16 hours. P. guineense and C. frutescens powders did not cause 100% mortality of adult beetles, even after 24 hours. Each of the three powders significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mating competition of adult males after sub-lethal exposure for one, two, and three hours, respectively. E. aromatica powder caused more reduction in male mating competition for females than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Receptiveness of treated females to courting males was also decreased by exposure to any of the three powders. Similarly, E. aromatica powder caused greater decreases in female receptiveness to males than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Exposure of either adult male or female C. maculatus to the powders for sub-lethal times of three, six and nine hours significantly reduced the fecundity of the beetles. E. aromatica powder caused the most reduction of eggs laid and also significantly reduced fertility of the eggs.

A Phenomenological Constitutive Law for the Description of Nonlinear Post-yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers under Different Strain Rate

In this study, a modelization of the viscoplastic behaviour of amorphous polymers is proposed, from an approach originally developed for metals behaviour at high temperature, in which state variable constitutive equations have been modified. The model includes the effect of strain rate sensitivity, strain softening and strain hardening. A procedure for the identification of model parameters is developed through the use of experimental data from uniaxial tests extracted from the literature, across a variety of strain rates and below the glass transition temperature ( Tg). The numerical algorithm shows that the predictions of this model well describe the intrinsic softening upon yield threshold and the subsequent progressive orientational hardening typical for amorphous glassy polymers.

The Ethical Dilemmas and Beyond Demands of Colleges and Universities＇ Social Services

Social Services ethical behavior is the norm university college norms and values of social service selection. The current lot of negative factors that exist in society, leading to social service ethic universities face many practical difficulties： for guiding spirit of paranoia shaken ethical orientation of social services for the blind t,argets deep extension of the apparent deviation ethics of social services, the service Preference object affects the ethical tone of social services for their properties to accommodate non-independent eroding the foundation of ethics established by the social services. Therefore, the identification of good ethical order, to call college cultural consciousness, lifting universities utilitarian development difficulties, reasonably determine the role of university social services, the ability to face the limits of educational services, social services, colleges and universities to guide ethical behavior.

Aggressive Behaviour During Breaks as a Manifestation of Different Types of Culture at School

The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of these expectations as predictors of pro-social and anti-social behaviour has been analysed. The research is based on the assumption that every culture develops specific benchmarks in reference to which people judge various social phenomena. Creation of an individual conception of oneself and making a plan for one＇s life is based, to some extent, on social values which constitute the crucial element of every culture. The hypothesis to be verified in this study was the presence of a significant link between the occurrence of anti-social and pro-social behaviour and the adopted axiological assumptions concerning students and their behaviour. The subjects of the study were students and teachers from 18 schools representing three types of culture and three educational levels （primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary）. The total number of 1,212 students were observed （Goldsmith＇s Observational Questionnaire）, and 36 teachers were interviewed. The results indicate a link between the adopted school culture and teachers＇ functioning, and open perspectives of further research on the connection between the values in school curricula and the occurrence of behaviour violating social norms and bounds.

Influence of deflection angles on flow behaviours in openchannel bends

The deflection angle of a river bend plays an important role on behaviours of the flow within it, and a clear understanding of the angle's influence is significant in both theoretical study and engineering application. This paper presents a systematic numerical investigation on effects of deflection angles(30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°) on flow phenomena and their evolution in open-channel bends using a Re-Normalization Group(RNG) κ-ε model and a volume of fluid(VOF) method. The numerical results indicate that the deflection angle is a key factor for flows in bends. It is shown that the maximum transverse slope of water surface occurs at the middle cross section of a bend, and it increases with the deflection angle. Besides a major vortex, or, the primary circulation cell near the channel bottom, a secondary vortex, or, an outer bank cell, may also appear above the former and near the outer bank when the deflection angle is sufficiently large, and it will gradually migrate towards the inner bank and evolve into an inner bank cell. The strength of the secondary circulations increases with the deflection angle. The simulation demonstrates that there is alow-stress zone on the bed near the outer bank and a high-stress zone on the bed near the inner bank, and both of them increase in size with the deflection angle. The maximum of shear stress on the inner bank increases nonlinearly with the angle, and its maximums on the outer bank and on the bed take place when the deflection angle becomes 120°.

The Power of Branding

One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or a family of brands. Many companies are organized around brands or brand groups. Companies like Proctor and Gamble allow the brand to represent the product and do not associate the corporate name with their various brands and product lines. Branding is a powerful business tool. A number of dimensions of branding are discussed in this paper. General reference is made to brand identity, brand identity traps, the value of brands, and brand loyalty. The paper then discusses the influence of brand loyalty on consumer behavior, the importance of global brands, and country of origin effects. Lastly the paper discusses elements of customer loyalty

Challenging Stereotypes： International Accounting Students in Australia

Students come to Australia for many and varied reasons, including the possibility of immigrating to Australia on completion of studies. Some programs of study are given higher priority for immigration than others and are thus popular among those hoping to immigrate. The master of professional accounting （MPA） is perhaps the most well-known of these programs, as the majority of its students are allegedly more interested in gaining permanent residency than becoming practicing accountants. Concerns over the quality of this program, its graduates, and its impact on the reputation of Australian higher education have been expressed in the media and in scholarly journals resulting in a stereotype of international postgraduate students as being motivated by immigration and without interest in accounting or engagement in learning. However, little has been done to investigate the experiences and perceptions of the students themselves. The objective of this paper is to more closely examine the motivations and learning behaviors of MPA students in order to test the accuracy of the stereotype. A population of postgraduate accounting students from an Australian university was invited to respond to an anonymous questionnaire survey adapted from the Australian Universities Survey of Student Engagement （AUSSE） to gain an insight into student engagement with learning. The results of this paper demonstrate that motivation is not relevant to learning engagement. The authors find a cohort of students spending many hours in study and facing barriers to learning because of poor English skills. Such findings do not accord with the stereotypical portrayal of international MPA students but lead to questions about the institutional motivations, the nature of accounting education, and English language entry standards and language support.

Balancing Between the New Family Law and Religious Practices and Its Impact on Moroccan Women＇s Lives

The present paper seeks to shed light on the main factors lying behind the non-implementation of Article 20 of the New Moroccan Family Law reformed in 2004 which is concerned with legal minimum age of marriage for both sexes, 18 years old for both. This study aims at investigating why the number of marriages of young girls continue to increase despite the establishment of the Law. The author takes the region of Fez as a case in point to explore this social behavior in Moroccan society. A qualitative approach has been adopted by interviewing 10 persons including Family Affairs Judges, lawyers and University Professors of Islamic studies at the University of Fez. Added to this, the technique of observation has equally been utilized to have everyday life concrete experiences of young girls ＂marriages＂. It has been argued that a unilateral approach to this social phenomenon cannot succeed to understand the complex nature of this bad social habit that is still predominant among rural areas and marginalized urban districts. A rather global approach taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and legal dimension of the issue under investigation proves to be much more adequate to explore the intricate nature of this problems in which a number of diverse variables interact. The paper ends up with a conclusion and a number of recommendations on how to reduce this social act.

筷子趣谈

筷子对中国人来说再熟悉不过,小小的两根筷子就如手指,能挑、能扒、能夹、能剥、能拌,在世界各国餐具中独树一帜,被西方人誉为“东方的文明”,具有深厚的历史文化内涵。筷子文化源远流长，在古代叫“箸”，殷商时期就开始使用。

中国画“经营位置”之美学结构研究

中国画独特的民族传统审美方式和布局法则背后，蕴含着中国传统艺术无限的内在魅力和文化价值。中国画的构图并不是单纯的、片面的点线面的组合，而需要探寻更深层次的民族审美心理和美学结构。本文通过对中国画理论中“经营位置”的三个重要步骤--象、立意、格局的探究来分析中国传统绘画独特的美学特征和文化内涵。研究传统美学具有深远的意义，民族文化和传统艺术宝藏始终是我们取之不尽、用之不竭的灵感源泉。

妙趣横生的筷子文化

美国朋友Allen来中国留学一个多月了,现在他可以熟练使用筷子吃他最爱的宫保鸡丁。用大拇指、食指、中指控制上面那根筷子,另一根则固定不动,这样就能夹起鸡丁或花生米。最后,盘中只剩下葱段,他就将葱和汤汁一并拨到米饭里,用筷子拌一拌,端起碗把饭扒到嘴里——不错,筷子用得地道.Allen得意地举起筷子说:'吃面条也没问题.'

What is the sound of fear？ Behavioral responses of white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys to synthesized nonlinear acoustic phenomena

Fear and anxiety may be adaptive responses to life-threatening situations, and animals may communicate fear to others vocally. A fundamental understanding of fear inducing sounds is important for both wildlife conservation and management because it helps us understand how to design repellents and also how （and why） animals may be negatively impacted by anthropogenic sounds. Nonlinear phenomena--sounds produced by the desynchronization of vibrations in a sound production system-are commonly found in stress-induced animal vocalizations, such as in alarm calls, mobbing calls, and fear screams. There are several functional hypotheses for these nonlinear phenomena. One specific hypothesis is the unpredictability hypothesis, which suggests that because nonlinear phenomena are more variable and somewhat unpredictable, animals are less likely to habituate to them. Animals should, therefore, have a prolonged response to sounds with nonlinear phenomena than sounds without them. Most of the studies involving nonlinear phenomena have used mammalian subjects and conspecific stimuli. Our study fo- cused on white-crowned sparrows （Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp. oriantha） and used synthesized acoustic stimuli to investigate behavioral responses to stimuli with and without nonlinear phenomena. We predicted that birds would be less relaxed after hearing a stimulus with a nonlinear component. We calculated the difference from baseline of proportion of time spent in relaxed behaviors and performed pair-wise comparisons between a pure tone control stimulus and each of three experimental stimuli, including a frequency jump up, a frequency jump down, and white noise. These comparisons showed that in the 30q50 s after the playback experiment, birds were significantly less relaxed after hearing noise or an abrupt frequency jump down an octave but not an abrupt frequency jump up an octave or a pure tone. Nonlinear phenomena, therefore, may be generally arousing to animals and may explain why these acoustic properties are commonly found in animal signals associated with fear [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 534-541, 2014].

Behavior Mining of Spatial Objects with Data Field

The advanced data mining technologies and the large quantities of remotely sensed Imagery provide a data mining opportunity with high potential for useful results. Extracting interesting patterns and rules from data sets composed of images and associated ground data can be of importance in object identification, community planning, resource discovery and other areas. In this paper, a data field is presented to express the observed spatial objects and conduct behavior mining on them. First, most of the important aspects are discussed on behavior mining and its implications for the future of data mining. Furthermore, an ideal framework of the behavior mining system is proposed in the network environment. Second, the model of behavior mining is given on the observed spatial objects, including the objects described by the first feature data field and the main feature data field by means of the potential function. Finally, a case study about object identification in public is given and analyzed. The experimental results show that the new model is feasible in behavior mining.

Simulation model of self-organizing pedestrian movement considering following behavior

A new force is introduced in the social force model （SFM） for computing following behavior in pedestrian counterflow, whereby an individual tries to approach others in the same direction to avoid conflicts with pedestrians from the opposite direction. The force, like a kind of gravitation, is modeled based on the movement state and visual field of the pedestrian, and is added to the classical SFM. The modified model is presented to study the impact of following behavior on the process of lane formation, the conflict, the number of lanes formed, and the traffic efficiency in the simulations. Simulation results show that the following behavior has a significant effect on the phenomenon of lane formation and the traffic efficiency.

Effect of chain length on the conformation and friction behaviour of DNA

Four double-stranded DNA films with different chain lengths were prepared on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APS)-modified mica surfaces in the NaCl solution with concentration ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 M.By using an atomic force microscope,the force-distance curves and friction behaviour of each DNA film were studied in the NaCl solution that was used in the sample preparation.When adsorbed on mica as films in salt solution,the conformation of DNA molecules would be a combination of loops and"train-like".As the chain length increased from 50 to 20000 bp,the extension rate of DNA film increased from 7.1to 11.5 in 0.001 mol/L NaCl solution,which suggested that the DNA molecule with long chain likely resulted in more extended conformation.In addition,under low normal load,low NaCl concentration could increase the friction of DNA film and the chain length revealed insignificant effect on the friction force of DNA film.Therefore,long chain DNA with low salt concentration is more conducive to the nanopore sequencing process,since extended conformation can make DNA molecules easier to reach into nanopore and the high friction can reduce the translocation speed.These results may benefit the development of the third-generation sequencing technique based on nanopore.