Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and...Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and disadvantages in different operational environments.This paper uses the M/M/1 and M/M/2 queues to study the impact of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on the average queue length.Closed-form solutions for the average M/M/2 queue length are derived.Computational examples illustrate how the average queue length changes with the strength of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion.Finally,several conjectures are made in the paper.展开更多
This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have s...This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.展开更多
Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. T...Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronle media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.展开更多
The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states ge...The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states get into the trouble of development. How to develop the welfare states？ This paper presents a new idea that the welfare states should change the path of their development： from ＂government-oriented＂ to ＂citizen-oriented＂. Welfare states took actions, such as ＂de-commercialization＂, ＂differential protection＂ to achieve the ＂optimal fairness＂, and ultimately guarantee the people＇s happiness.展开更多
This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and m...This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.展开更多
UAE is considered as collectivistic as per many major studies on culture. The present study aims to find the effect of cultural orientatiotr---like individualism or collectivism on a person＇s organizational citizensh...UAE is considered as collectivistic as per many major studies on culture. The present study aims to find the effect of cultural orientatiotr---like individualism or collectivism on a person＇s organizational citizenship behavior （OCB） There are many studies related to collectivism and organization citizenship behavior as well as organization commitment and OCB. But most of these studies were done in a western context and is done years back. The present generation of UAE having undergone studies in management which is highly dominated by western philosophies and due to their interaction with diverse nationalities have evolved in their behavior. At this point it is necessary to investigate whether there is any shift in their behavior pattems based on collectivism. Career commitment has grown among UAE nationals in recent years due to high level of commitment from the government towards education and employment. Since OCB is more of an altruistic tendency within an individual, the study looks into the cultural difference within an individual like individualism or collectivism and its relationship with a person＇s OCB level among the employees in UAE. Career commitment is taken as a another variable. The study has made some interesting findings which show a shift from the previous studies that show a direct relationship using correlation analysis, between collectivism and organization citizenship behavior. The study found that there is no relationship between individualism or collectivism and organization citizenship behavior, but there is some relationship between career commitment and organization citizenship behavior factor loyal boosterism.展开更多
This paper reviews the history and journey of employee transition since the era of industrial economy, and divides the journey of employee transition into four stages according to evolving employee status and roles: E...This paper reviews the history and journey of employee transition since the era of industrial economy, and divides the journey of employee transition into four stages according to evolving employee status and roles: Employee 1.0 refers to subordinates who have little initiative and simply obeys orders. Employee 2.0 refers to self-managers who become "strategic business unit(SBU)", "manager" and "CEO". Employee 3.0 refers to entrepreneurs whose role is maker or partner. Employee 4.0 is self-organizers who act as social man and pursues personal imperialism, online development and global sharing.展开更多
Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and...Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.展开更多
Karl Marx （1973） scientifically predicted the appearance of some extraordinary tendencies of social development in the second half of the 20th century was given a common name of post-industrial or informational soci...Karl Marx （1973） scientifically predicted the appearance of some extraordinary tendencies of social development in the second half of the 20th century was given a common name of post-industrial or informational society and interpreted as post-bourgeois, post-capitalist, post-business society, and late capitalism. Autonomist Marxism and Perm philosophy school had separately come to a conclusion that all the phenomena noticed by the post-industrial theory could be adequately explained if we consider the historically new form of material labour appearing now. Marx （1973）, who predicted this new form, named it automated, scientific, or universal labour. With the appearance of the universal labour, the wealth of the society depends on the universal human powers that help to involve the extensive powers of nature into the production process. Universal labour can not be averaged or measured by the labour time as the abstract labour; it implies high complexity and creativity. Involving increasingly powerful forces of nature and human society, it appears to be the labour of another essence and by its essence, it does not create value.展开更多
This paper investigates the organizational culture of one of the largest auto manufacturers in the world Toyota Motor Corporation using various corporate culture and management models. The investigation was conducted ...This paper investigates the organizational culture of one of the largest auto manufacturers in the world Toyota Motor Corporation using various corporate culture and management models. The investigation was conducted in 2009 using qualitative analysis with the help of various secondary sources. The study reveals that the company＇s management style can be characterized as the Family type that implies collectivistic society with male domination, strict rules and laws at work, and long-term orientation. It is also based on several essential principles, such as continuous improvement and learning, respect for people, mutual trust, and teamwork. Two core elements of the Toyota＇s success are technological innovations and qualified human resources.展开更多
Strategic emerging industry is the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and transformation of economic development. And it＇ s also the key to enhance China＇s independent innovation capability and inte...Strategic emerging industry is the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and transformation of economic development. And it＇ s also the key to enhance China＇s independent innovation capability and international competitiveness. Whether it is from the industrial development of the law or its own development experience of emerging industries, the development of new industries are heavily influenced by national policy, national policy to some extent can be seen as strategic emerging industry development the decisive factor. The article evaluates the effects that the policies to what extent promotes the development of strategic emerging industry in Shanghai.展开更多
Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is an important part of the marxist basic theory, Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is based on historical materialism and dialectical materialism, Mar...Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is an important part of the marxist basic theory, Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is based on historical materialism and dialectical materialism, Marx is a full of modem industrial technology development experience and profound analysis. Marx was very concern technology epistemology, Scientific analysis of The root causes of industrial technology, nature, characteristics, structure and development process, etc.,Marx＇s focus on the development of industrial technology on human social culture and the influence of the change, in order to realize the harmony of man and technology, natural and social development has theoretical and practical significance.展开更多
文摘Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and disadvantages in different operational environments.This paper uses the M/M/1 and M/M/2 queues to study the impact of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on the average queue length.Closed-form solutions for the average M/M/2 queue length are derived.Computational examples illustrate how the average queue length changes with the strength of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion.Finally,several conjectures are made in the paper.
文摘This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.
文摘Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronle media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.
文摘The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states get into the trouble of development. How to develop the welfare states？ This paper presents a new idea that the welfare states should change the path of their development： from ＂government-oriented＂ to ＂citizen-oriented＂. Welfare states took actions, such as ＂de-commercialization＂, ＂differential protection＂ to achieve the ＂optimal fairness＂, and ultimately guarantee the people＇s happiness.
文摘This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.
文摘UAE is considered as collectivistic as per many major studies on culture. The present study aims to find the effect of cultural orientatiotr---like individualism or collectivism on a person＇s organizational citizenship behavior （OCB） There are many studies related to collectivism and organization citizenship behavior as well as organization commitment and OCB. But most of these studies were done in a western context and is done years back. The present generation of UAE having undergone studies in management which is highly dominated by western philosophies and due to their interaction with diverse nationalities have evolved in their behavior. At this point it is necessary to investigate whether there is any shift in their behavior pattems based on collectivism. Career commitment has grown among UAE nationals in recent years due to high level of commitment from the government towards education and employment. Since OCB is more of an altruistic tendency within an individual, the study looks into the cultural difference within an individual like individualism or collectivism and its relationship with a person＇s OCB level among the employees in UAE. Career commitment is taken as a another variable. The study has made some interesting findings which show a shift from the previous studies that show a direct relationship using correlation analysis, between collectivism and organization citizenship behavior. The study found that there is no relationship between individualism or collectivism and organization citizenship behavior, but there is some relationship between career commitment and organization citizenship behavior factor loyal boosterism.
文摘This paper reviews the history and journey of employee transition since the era of industrial economy, and divides the journey of employee transition into four stages according to evolving employee status and roles: Employee 1.0 refers to subordinates who have little initiative and simply obeys orders. Employee 2.0 refers to self-managers who become "strategic business unit(SBU)", "manager" and "CEO". Employee 3.0 refers to entrepreneurs whose role is maker or partner. Employee 4.0 is self-organizers who act as social man and pursues personal imperialism, online development and global sharing.
文摘Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.
文摘Karl Marx （1973） scientifically predicted the appearance of some extraordinary tendencies of social development in the second half of the 20th century was given a common name of post-industrial or informational society and interpreted as post-bourgeois, post-capitalist, post-business society, and late capitalism. Autonomist Marxism and Perm philosophy school had separately come to a conclusion that all the phenomena noticed by the post-industrial theory could be adequately explained if we consider the historically new form of material labour appearing now. Marx （1973）, who predicted this new form, named it automated, scientific, or universal labour. With the appearance of the universal labour, the wealth of the society depends on the universal human powers that help to involve the extensive powers of nature into the production process. Universal labour can not be averaged or measured by the labour time as the abstract labour; it implies high complexity and creativity. Involving increasingly powerful forces of nature and human society, it appears to be the labour of another essence and by its essence, it does not create value.
文摘This paper investigates the organizational culture of one of the largest auto manufacturers in the world Toyota Motor Corporation using various corporate culture and management models. The investigation was conducted in 2009 using qualitative analysis with the help of various secondary sources. The study reveals that the company＇s management style can be characterized as the Family type that implies collectivistic society with male domination, strict rules and laws at work, and long-term orientation. It is also based on several essential principles, such as continuous improvement and learning, respect for people, mutual trust, and teamwork. Two core elements of the Toyota＇s success are technological innovations and qualified human resources.
文摘Strategic emerging industry is the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and transformation of economic development. And it＇ s also the key to enhance China＇s independent innovation capability and international competitiveness. Whether it is from the industrial development of the law or its own development experience of emerging industries, the development of new industries are heavily influenced by national policy, national policy to some extent can be seen as strategic emerging industry development the decisive factor. The article evaluates the effects that the policies to what extent promotes the development of strategic emerging industry in Shanghai.
文摘Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is an important part of the marxist basic theory, Marx＇s industrial technology development thought is based on historical materialism and dialectical materialism, Marx is a full of modem industrial technology development experience and profound analysis. Marx was very concern technology epistemology, Scientific analysis of The root causes of industrial technology, nature, characteristics, structure and development process, etc.,Marx＇s focus on the development of industrial technology on human social culture and the influence of the change, in order to realize the harmony of man and technology, natural and social development has theoretical and practical significance.
