[目的/意义]政府数据开放涉及多主体、多行为和多种利益关系,探索政府数据开放多元主体共生的机理和实践路径对于提高多元主体参与的意识和效能、完善政府数据开放共生体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]引入共生理论,探讨政府数据开放共生...[目的/意义]政府数据开放涉及多主体、多行为和多种利益关系,探索政府数据开放多元主体共生的机理和实践路径对于提高多元主体参与的意识和效能、完善政府数据开放共生体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]引入共生理论,探讨政府数据开放共生的概念和政府数据开放生态系统多元主体共生的机理,并通过上海开放数据创新应用大赛(Shanghai Open Data Application,SODA)的实践案例分析政府数据开放多元主体共生机制的最佳实践路径。[结果/结论]政府数据开放需要政府与社会力量的紧密合作、建立共生关系,上海市开放数据创新应用大赛的连续成功举办较好地反映了政府数据开放多元主体在点共生关系的基础上从间歇共生、连续共生演化到一体化共生的过程。政府部门应支持和鼓励社会化力量参与政府数据开放,加强各主体之间的协调合作、互利共生。展开更多
Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. ...Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal:(1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of "E→G-R-T-E" is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry;(2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents "E-G-R-T" can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for "E→G-R-T-E" through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model "driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists."展开更多
文摘[目的/意义]政府数据开放涉及多主体、多行为和多种利益关系,探索政府数据开放多元主体共生的机理和实践路径对于提高多元主体参与的意识和效能、完善政府数据开放共生体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]引入共生理论,探讨政府数据开放共生的概念和政府数据开放生态系统多元主体共生的机理,并通过上海开放数据创新应用大赛(Shanghai Open Data Application,SODA)的实践案例分析政府数据开放多元主体共生机制的最佳实践路径。[结果/结论]政府数据开放需要政府与社会力量的紧密合作、建立共生关系,上海市开放数据创新应用大赛的连续成功举办较好地反映了政府数据开放多元主体在点共生关系的基础上从间歇共生、连续共生演化到一体化共生的过程。政府部门应支持和鼓励社会化力量参与政府数据开放,加强各主体之间的协调合作、互利共生。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(441550002)Soft Science Research Projects of Science and Technology Office of Qinghai Province(2015-ZJ-608)
文摘Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal:(1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of "E→G-R-T-E" is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry;(2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents "E-G-R-T" can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for "E→G-R-T-E" through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model "driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists."
