基于强化学习的抛光机器人主动力控制研究

针对工业应用的抛光设备价格昂贵且对于复杂曲面工件实用性不强的问题,研发一种五自由度混联抛光机器人。首先结合主体机构和控制系统介绍抛光机器人系统,然后结合动力学仿真验证该恒力控制模型应用于抛光机器人的可行性。最后结合强化学习的深度Q网络算法求解得主动力控制策略,理论上初步证明该策略针对复杂轮廓的工件获得良好的恒力控制效果。

砂带抛光机器人力/位混合主动柔顺控制研究

以复杂曲面为加工对象,将机器人、砂带机和在线恒力控制算法相结合构成机器人恒力抛光控制系统。对抛光系统加工过程中所受作用力进行分析,根据机器人运动学坐标变化,提出重力补偿算法,消除工件重力对恒力抛光控制系统的干扰。建立力/位置混合机器人主动柔顺控制策略,提出了基于最小二乘参数辨识的力控模型求解方案,并基于模糊PID完成过程控制,实现对抛光力的恒定控制。通过对卫浴五金件的磨抛实验,结果表明该算法可以有效的实现机器人柔顺控制,保持恒力磨抛。

机器人柔性砂带磨削加工力控制研究与应用

为了实现柔性加工复杂曲面工件,设计了一种机器人柔性砂带磨削力控制系统。该系统不仅可以兼顾灵活变换机器人的位姿,而且又根据砂带磨抛机加工效率高的特点,比传统磨床更具柔性,更能适应加工复杂曲面工件。磨抛机既能使砂带柔性张紧和快速地调偏,还能实现被动力控制。机器人末端通过安装的六维力传感器,实现机器人的主动力控制。将这两种力控制技术有效结合起来,组成了机器人柔性砂带磨削力控制系统,能够更好地实现磨削过程中的磨削力控制。最后,该机器人柔性磨削力控制系统对钛合金试块和航空复杂曲面叶片进行加工实验,结果都表明工件的表面加工一致性好,而且其表面质量完全满足加工工艺要求,证明了该机器人柔性砂带磨削加工力控制系统的实用性和有效性。

Research on Dynamic Model's Building of Active Magnetic Suspension Systems

An experimental method is introduced in this paper to build the dynamics of AMSS (the active magnetic suspension system), which doesn’t depend on system’s physical parameters. The rotor can be reliably suspended under the unit feedback control system designed with the primary dynamic model obtained. Online identification in frequency domain is processed to give the precise model. Comparisons show that the experimental method is much closer to the precise model than the theoretic method based on magnetic circuit law. So this experimental method is a good choice to build the primary dynamic model of AMSS.

A disc-type magneto-rheologic fluid damper

A disc-type magneto-rheological fluid damper operating in shear mode is proposed in this paper,which is based on the special characteristics of the magneto-rheological (MR) fluid with rapid, reversible and dramatic change in its rheological properties by the application of an external magnetic field. The magneticfield of the disc-type MR fluid damper is analysed by the finite element method ; the controllability of the disctype MR fluid damper on the dynamic behaviour of a rotor system ; and the effectiveness of the disc-type MR fluid damper in controlling the vibration of a rotor system, are studied in a flexible rotor system with an over-hung disc. It is shown that the magnetic flux density of the disc-type MR fluid damper in the working areas can significantly change with the applied current in the coil ; and that the dynamic behavior of the disc-type MR fluid damper can be varied by the application of an external magnetic field produced by a low voltage electromagnetic coil. The disc-type MR fluid damper can significantly change the dynamic characteristics of a rotor system, provided that the location of the disk-type MR fluid damper is carefully chosen. The disc-type MR fluid damper is a new actuator with good dynamic characteristics for rotating machinery.

Modeling and control of MR damper considering trapped air effect

Due to the high viscosity of magnetorheological(MR)fluid,eliminating air pockets dissolved in the fluid is very difficult,which results in a force lag phenomenon.In order to evaluate the performance of a semi-active control system based on the MR damper considering the trapped air effect,a performance test on a MR damper is carried out under different loading cases,and the influence of the input current,excitation amplitude and frequency on the force lag phenomenon is analyzed.A concise and efficient parametric model,combining the simple Bouc-Wen model and a spring with small stiffness,is proposed to portray the experimental characteristics of the MR damper with force lag,and then the response analysis of the semi-active controlled single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)structure is performed using the classic clipped-optimal control strategy based on acceleration feedback.Numerical results show that the trapped air in the MR fluid can weaken the control effect of the MR damper,and the performance of the semi-active control system will be reduced more obviously and become close to the passive-off control with the increasing content of air trapped in the MR fluid.

Torsional vibration active control of hybrid construction machinery complex shafting

Due to the coaxial connection of engine, motor and pump, the dynamic characteristics of hybrid construction machinery are changed, which generates a new torsional vibration problem of multi-power sources. To reduce the torsional vibration of the hybrid construction machinery complex shafting, torsional vibration active control was proposed. The three-mass model of coaxial shafting of hybrid construction machinery was established. The PID control and the fuzzy sliding mode control were chosen to weaken torsional vibration by controlling the motor speed and torque. The simulation results show that the fuzzy sliding mode control has 12% overshoot of the PID control when the engine torque changes. The active control is effective and can realize smooth power switch.

Aerodynamic control of NACA 0021 airfoil model with spark discharge plasma synthetic jets

Spark discharge plasma synthetic jets(SPJs) have been used for the active flow control study on an NACA 0021 straight-wing model in a wind tunnel. The model forces and moments were measured using a six-component sting balance at a 20 m/s wind speed. The aim was to explore the SPJ's effect on airfoil aerodynamic by examining SPJ generators' position along the chordwise and the jet flow direction about the chord. Near the wing leading edge, two SPJ generators raised the stall angle by 2° and increased the maximum lift coefficient by 9%. The drag coefficient was decreased by 33.1%, and the lift-drag ratio was increased by 104.2% at an angle of attack above 16°. The rolling-moment coefficient was modified by 0.002, and the yawing-moment coefficient was changed by 0.0007 at angles of attack in the range of 0°–16°. The results showed that SPJs can control wing aerodynamic forces at a high angle of attack and moments at a low angle of attack.

Active control of fluctuating pressure induced by blade-vortex interaction

It is well known that interactions between the leading edge of a blade and incoming vortical structures produce a sharp rise in fluctuating pressure nearby,contributing significantly to the noise production in various types of rotorcrafts.To suppress this fluctuating pressure and subsequently induced noise,as the first step,active control of interactions between an airfoil and incoming cylinder-generated vortices,which mimics the practical phenomenon,was experimentally investigated.The essence of the control is to create a local perturbation,using piezo-ceramic actuators,on the surface near the leading edge of the airfoil,thus modifying the airfoil-vortex interactions.Both open-and closed-loop methods were used,where the surface perturbation was controlled by an external sinusoidal wave and a feedback pressure signal from a pressure transducer installed at the leading edge,respectively.It was observed that the closed-loop control was superior to the open-loop one;the closed-and open-loop controls achieve a maximum reduction in the pressure fluctuation at the dominant vortex frequency by 32% and 11%,respectively.The detailed physics behind the observations was discussed.

Experimental Study of Improved HAWT Performance in Simulated Natural Wind by an Active Controlled Multi-Fan Wind Tunnel

The effects of turbulent intensity and vortex scale of simulated natural wind on performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) are mainly investigated in this paper. In particular, the unsteadiness and turbulence of wind in Japan are stronger than ones in Europe and North America in general. Hence, Japanese engineers should take account of the velocity unsteadiness of natural wind at installed open-air location to design a higher performance wind turbine. Using the originally designed five wind turbines on the basis of NACA and MEL blades, the dependencies of the wind frequency and vortex scale of the simulated natural wind are presented. As the results, the power coefficient of the newly designed MEL3-type rotor in the simulated natural wind is 130% larger than one in steady wind.

Recent advances in active control of turbulent boundary layers

In this article,we review the recent progress in active control of a turbulent boundary layer for skin-friction drag reduction.Near-wall coherent structures,which are closely associated with large skin-friction drag and are thus often the target to be manipulated,are discussed briefly,providing a rationale of various control strategies.Open-and closed-loop controls are extensively reviewed,largely focusing on techniques and drag-reduction mechanisms.Finally,some concluding remarks are given.

Dynamic Modeling and Active Control of a Strap-on Launch Vehicle

Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle are studied in this paper. In the dynamic modeling, the double-compatible free-interface modal synthesis method is used to establish dynamic model of the system, and its model precision is compared with those of finite element method(FEM), fixedinterface modal synthesis method and free-interface modal synthesis method. In the active control, the swing angle of rocket motor is used as design variable, and the control law design based on the model of mass center motion is adopted to validate the system. Simulation results indicate that the double-compatible model synthesis method can properly approximate the FEM which is used as the benchmark solution, and the model precision of the double-compatible modal synthesis method is obviously higher than those of the fixed-interface and freeinterface modal synthesis methods. Based on the control law design, the deflection of mass center of the launch vehicle is very small.

A modified structure internal model robust control method for the integration of active front steering and direct yaw moment control

Taking into account the nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics and the variations of vehicle parameters,the integrated control strategy for active front steering(AFS)and direct yaw control(DYC)that can maintain the performance and robustness is a key issue to be researched.Currently,the H∞method is widely applied to the integrated control of chassis dynamics,but it always sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability.The modified structure internal model robust control(MSIMC)obtained by modifying internal model control(IMC)structure is proposed for the integrated control of AFS and DYC to surmount the conflict between performance and robustness.Double lane change(DLC)simulation is developed to compare the performance and the stability of the MSIMC strategy,the PID controller based on the reference vehicle model and the H∞controller.Simulation results show that the PID controller may oscillate and go into instability in severe driving conditions because of large variations of tire parameters,the H∞controller sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability,and only the MSIMC controller can both ensure the robustness and the high performance of the integrated control of AFS and DYC.