Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with co...Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with considerable implications for the social and built-up environment and the surrounding wilderness？ It is argued here that Steinbeck’s writings – as laid out, for instance, in Cannery Row - could offer a strategy to reconstruct the events and developments that transformed the Vail ski resort destination over the past decades. Eight chapters lay out major themes of the Vail Story, from “Vail before Vail” to “Vail after Vail.” Quotations from Steinbeck’s novels and from other writers in the analysis of his works introduce a given theme. The discussion of the beginnings of the ski area and the town, the staging of Vail mega sports events like three world alpine ski championships and the changing directions and policies of the ski corporation result in a narrative closely aligned with the style of Steinbeck’s realistic prose.展开更多
The clinical translation of nanomedicines has been strongly hampered by the limitations of delivery vehicles,promoting scientists to search for novel nanocarriers.Although cell membrane-based delivery systems have att...The clinical translation of nanomedicines has been strongly hampered by the limitations of delivery vehicles,promoting scientists to search for novel nanocarriers.Although cell membrane-based delivery systems have attracted extensive attention,further functionalizations are urgently desired to augment their theranostic functions.We propose a cell-friendly supramolecular strategy to engineer cell membranes utilizing cyclodextrin-based host–guest molecular recognitions to fix the defects arising from chemical and genetic modifcations.In this study,the supramolecular cell membrane vesicles(SCMVs)specifcally accumulate in tumors,benefting from tumor-homing capability and the enhanced permeability and retention effect.SCMVs co-delivering indocyanine green and an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor effectively ablate tumors combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy.Driven by host–guest inclusion complexation,SCMVs successfully encapsulate resiquimod to repolarize tumor-associated macrophages into M1 phenotype,synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.This supramolecular engineering methodology based on noncovalent interactions presents a generalizable and cell-friendly tactic to develop living cell–originated nanomaterials for precise cancer therapy.展开更多
文摘Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with considerable implications for the social and built-up environment and the surrounding wilderness？ It is argued here that Steinbeck’s writings – as laid out, for instance, in Cannery Row - could offer a strategy to reconstruct the events and developments that transformed the Vail ski resort destination over the past decades. Eight chapters lay out major themes of the Vail Story, from “Vail before Vail” to “Vail after Vail.” Quotations from Steinbeck’s novels and from other writers in the analysis of his works introduce a given theme. The discussion of the beginnings of the ski area and the town, the staging of Vail mega sports events like three world alpine ski championships and the changing directions and policies of the ski corporation result in a narrative closely aligned with the style of Steinbeck’s realistic prose.
基金supported by the Vanke Special Fund for Public Health and Health Discipline Development,Tsinghua University(2022Z82WKJ005,2022Z82WKJ013)the Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund(2021Z99CFZ007)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175107)Funding by Tsinghua Universitythe Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study(SN-ZJU-SIAS-006)。
文摘The clinical translation of nanomedicines has been strongly hampered by the limitations of delivery vehicles,promoting scientists to search for novel nanocarriers.Although cell membrane-based delivery systems have attracted extensive attention,further functionalizations are urgently desired to augment their theranostic functions.We propose a cell-friendly supramolecular strategy to engineer cell membranes utilizing cyclodextrin-based host–guest molecular recognitions to fix the defects arising from chemical and genetic modifcations.In this study,the supramolecular cell membrane vesicles(SCMVs)specifcally accumulate in tumors,benefting from tumor-homing capability and the enhanced permeability and retention effect.SCMVs co-delivering indocyanine green and an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor effectively ablate tumors combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy.Driven by host–guest inclusion complexation,SCMVs successfully encapsulate resiquimod to repolarize tumor-associated macrophages into M1 phenotype,synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.This supramolecular engineering methodology based on noncovalent interactions presents a generalizable and cell-friendly tactic to develop living cell–originated nanomaterials for precise cancer therapy.
