The experiment presented in this research is targeting a ＇positional＇ stage of a ＇modular＇ model of speech production originally proposed by Levelt （1989）, Bock ＆ Levelt （1994）, where selected lemmas are inse...The experiment presented in this research is targeting a ＇positional＇ stage of a ＇modular＇ model of speech production originally proposed by Levelt （1989）, Bock ＆ Levelt （1994）, where selected lemmas are inserted into syntactic frames. Results suggest a difference between L1 and L2 English speakers at the positional stage. While this might suggest that the speech planning process is different in native and non-native speakers, an alternative view is also proposed that the observed differences are the result of differences in the way that linguistic forms are stored, rather than a fundamental difference in the way that speech is planned. This result indicates main verb, copula be ＆ local dependency effect are the three elements that affect the realization of English subject-verb agreement, and helps us locate the phase where L2 subject-verb agreement errors happen.展开更多
The local approach to construct master equation for a composite open system with a weak internal coupling is simple and seems reasonable. However, it is thermodynamic consistent only when the subsystems are resonantly...The local approach to construct master equation for a composite open system with a weak internal coupling is simple and seems reasonable. However, it is thermodynamic consistent only when the subsystems are resonantly coupled. Efforts are being made to understand the inconsistency and test the validity of the local master equation. We present a perturbative method to solve the steady-state solutions of linear local master equations, which are demonstrated by two simple models. The solving process shows the stationary state as the result of competition between incoherent operations and the unitary creating quantum coherence, and consequently relate quantum coherence with thermodynamic consistency.展开更多
文摘The experiment presented in this research is targeting a ＇positional＇ stage of a ＇modular＇ model of speech production originally proposed by Levelt （1989）, Bock ＆ Levelt （1994）, where selected lemmas are inserted into syntactic frames. Results suggest a difference between L1 and L2 English speakers at the positional stage. While this might suggest that the speech planning process is different in native and non-native speakers, an alternative view is also proposed that the observed differences are the result of differences in the way that linguistic forms are stored, rather than a fundamental difference in the way that speech is planned. This result indicates main verb, copula be ＆ local dependency effect are the three elements that affect the realization of English subject-verb agreement, and helps us locate the phase where L2 subject-verb agreement errors happen.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11675119,11575125,and 11105097
文摘The local approach to construct master equation for a composite open system with a weak internal coupling is simple and seems reasonable. However, it is thermodynamic consistent only when the subsystems are resonantly coupled. Efforts are being made to understand the inconsistency and test the validity of the local master equation. We present a perturbative method to solve the steady-state solutions of linear local master equations, which are demonstrated by two simple models. The solving process shows the stationary state as the result of competition between incoherent operations and the unitary creating quantum coherence, and consequently relate quantum coherence with thermodynamic consistency.
