Fever is an adaptive host response coordinated by the central nervous system （CNS） during systemic immune challenge. Recent research shed light on the mechanism of fever generation, particularly the underlying neura...Fever is an adaptive host response coordinated by the central nervous system （CNS） during systemic immune challenge. Recent research shed light on the mechanism of fever generation, particularly the underlying neural pathways. In this review, we first briefly summarize current views on the mechanism of sensing microbial infection by the nervous system, and the roles of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and its receptors in fever; then we focus on the neural circuits underlying fever generation, particularly their relationship with the distribution of PGE2 receptors within the CNS. At the end, an overall neurochemical model of fever generation is presented, pointing to the direction for future studies.展开更多
Primary pancreatic lymphoma(PPL)is an extremely rare form of extranodal malignant lymphoma.The most common histological subtype of PPL is diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).In rare cases,PPL can also present as foll...Primary pancreatic lymphoma(PPL)is an extremely rare form of extranodal malignant lymphoma.The most common histological subtype of PPL is diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).In rare cases,PPL can also present as follicular lymphoma,small lymphocytic lymphoma,and T cell lymphoma either of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.T-cell/histiocyterich large B-cell lymphoma(T/HRBCL)is an uncommon morphologic variant of DLBCL with aggressive clinical course,it is predominantly a nodal disease,but extranodal sites such as bone marrow,liver,and spleen can be involved.Pancreatic involvement of T/HRBCL was not presented before.Herein,we report a 48-year-old male who was hospitalized with complaints of jaundice,dark brown urine,pale stools,and nausea.The radiological evaluation revealed a pancreatic head mass and,following operative biopsy,the tumor was diagnosed as T/HRBCL.The patient achieved remission after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy.Therefore,T/HRBCL can be treated similarly to the stage-matched DLBCL and both of them get equivalent outcomes after chemotherapy.展开更多
Objective To explore the effect of α-galactosyleramide （α-GalCer） on immune reconstitution under acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD）. Methods BALB/c mice were transplanted with allogeneic C57BL/6 bone marro...Objective To explore the effect of α-galactosyleramide （α-GalCer） on immune reconstitution under acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD）. Methods BALB/c mice were transplanted with allogeneic C57BL/6 bone marrow cells and splenocytes （both 1 × 10^7） after receiving lethal total-body irradiation, α-GalCer （100 ug/kg） or vehicle （dimethyl- sulfoxide） was administered intraperitoneally immediately after transplantation. The effects of α-GalCer on immune reconstitufion, proliferation of T cells and B cells, hematopoiesis, and thymic microenvironment were assessed. Results The α-GalCer group exhibited higher percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, B220^＋, CD40＋, and CD86＋cells compared with the vehicle group. The number of colony forming unit per 1000 CD34^＋ cells in the et-GalCer group was higher than in the vehicle group （P=0.0012）. In vitro proliferation assays showed that the α-GalCer group had higher percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, and B220^＋ cells compared with the vehicle group. As for the results of in vivo proliferation assays, the numbers of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, and B220^＋ cells were higher in the α-GalCer group than in the normal group, especially the number of B220^＋ cells （P=0.007）. Significant difference was not found in thymocyte count between the α-GalCer group and the vehicle group, nor in the percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, and CD8^＋ cells. Conclusion Administration of tl-GalCer after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may promote immune reconstitution in the presence of aGVHD.展开更多
Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast ca...Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast cancer.The aim of the study was to verify the clinico-pathologic profile of male patients with breast cancer including analysis of hormone receptors and Her-2/neu state and its impact on survival rate.Methods:This is a retrospective study carried on a total of 123 male patients presented to the National Cancer Institute(NCI),Cairo University,Egypt-with breast carcinoma from January 1999 to December 2009.Results:The patients had a median age of 58(ranged from 29-92) years.About 39.8% of the patients presented with T4 lesion.At presentation,12.2% of the cases had metastasis with bone represented 86.7% of metastatic sites.About 92.7% of patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy and radical mastectomy.Invasive duct carcinoma reported in 91.1%,and 76.4% of the patients had grade II pathology.Hormone profile was reported in 74% of the patients with 71.4% positive ER and 69.2% positive PR.Among 57 cases tested for Her-2/neu,10.5% were positive.Luminal A was the most common subtype detected in male breast carcinoma patients constituting 66.7%.Comparison with female patients with breast carcinoma revealed some differences regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2/neu status and breast cancer subtypes.Chemotherapy as adjuvant,neo-adjuvant and metastatic was given for 73.1%,17.3% and 9.6% of the cases,with 83% of them had an anthracyclin-containing regimen.Sixty-nine patients received radiation treatment,65.2% and 34.8% of them with adjuvant and palliative aim,respectively.Dose of adjuvant radiotherapy had a median value of 4410(3400-5000) cGy.Adjuvant hormonal treatment(Tamoxafin) was given for 47 patients all of them with ER and/or PR positive for a median period of 33.5(4-60) months.The 5-year overall survival(OS),loco-regional control(LRC),metastasis-free survival(MFS) rates were 63%,68%,and 62%,respectively.Axillary lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage significantly worsen all survival rates.While,higher grade was associated with a poor overall survival,this was not reflected on LRC and MFS rates.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly improved all survival rates.Conclusion:Some gender differences were detected regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2 state,and tumor subtypes.展开更多
Persistent ductus arteriosus （PDA） is a congenital cardiovascular malformation connecting the pulmonary trunk of the proximal left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Norm...Persistent ductus arteriosus （PDA） is a congenital cardiovascular malformation connecting the pulmonary trunk of the proximal left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Normally, the duct closes after birth as a result of a sudden increase in arterial oxygen saturation and a decrease in the level of vasoaetive prostaglandins. The incidence of persistent ductus arteriosus accounts for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases.展开更多
Combined en bloc liver/pancreas transplantation （CLPT） was used primarily in the treal^nent of otherwise non- resectable upper abdominal malignancy. In fact, a more appropriate indication is in patients with liver d...Combined en bloc liver/pancreas transplantation （CLPT） was used primarily in the treal^nent of otherwise non- resectable upper abdominal malignancy. In fact, a more appropriate indication is in patients with liver disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （IDDM）. Here, we report on two successful cases of CLPT at our hospital. One was a patient with non-resectable advanced liver cancer. The recipient survived for 23 mo and finally died of recurrent tumor. The other was a patient with severe biliary complication after orthotopic liver transplantation and preoperative IDDM. We performed CLPT with a modified surgical technique of preserving the native pancreas. He is currently liver-disease- and insulin-free more than 27 mo post-transplant. Based on our experience in two cases of abdominal cluster transplantation, we describe the technical details of CLPT and a modification of the surgical procedure.展开更多
The success of each enterprise is finding, working on it, promoting, and obviously offering what the consumers really love and enjoy. Albania is very useful if you have this mission： Reconciling all the nature compon...The success of each enterprise is finding, working on it, promoting, and obviously offering what the consumers really love and enjoy. Albania is very useful if you have this mission： Reconciling all the nature components with favorable weather conditions, we can really offer an adventure business, where everyone can discover the beauty of Albania through an unforgettable trip. The key word that summarizes all the elements mentioned is without a doubt “Rafting”. Introducing rafting both as a sport and as a touristic outdoor activity, in that way we develop a new touristic market and a strong promoter of sustainable adventure tourism in Albania. When a person takes pleasure but in an unhealthy extent, how does this affect his personality？ The adrenaline as happiness, meaning and pleasure…The topics that this study is about, are two key terms that will guarantee the success of this “adventure project”： The first is the satisfaction of consumers, which gives us a feedback about the product/service and the second part deals with the term adrenaline （pleasure supreme customer）; hedonic consumer features, part of their character, the main approaches and a study conducted with customers who have attended at least once rafting, customers attending characteristic of emotions, adrenaline, and adventure to take the pleasure of life. A company should always try and please its consumers. Usually, pleased consumers will always come back for more; they will also spread the word and bring new potential consumers into your business that will pay a fair amount of money for a new upcoming product that set company offers. The measurement of consumer satisfaction is a pure indicator of the consumers repurchases intentions, an indicator of the actual performance and differentiation from the current competition. The consumers mind will always remember the name of the company that they had a bad experience rather than the onethey have been satisfied with. Often when we receive a fixed service, our mind tends to create a very close emotional connection to set service. Often we find that the smallest things bring the greatest joy, regardless of the price. For the majority part, following the adrenaline passion is more than just a need. Lately, the traditional notion of purchasing is left behind and everyone is focusing on providing themselves with pleasure and emotions. The definition of the word “hedonic” comes from Ancient Greece, meaning “taking the maximal pleasure from life” being our primary goal.展开更多
Objective To analyze heart rate variability (HRV)and its changes with thyroxine treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods HRV was analyzed using 24-hour electrocardiographic recording in 38 patients with hy...Objective To analyze heart rate variability (HRV)and its changes with thyroxine treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods HRV was analyzed using 24-hour electrocardiographic recording in 38 patients with hypothyroidism and 21 normal controls. The changes in HRV were evaluated for the 18 hypothyroid patients after 3 months of thyroxine therapy.Results The time domain measurements of HRV in hypothyroid patients were much lower than those in the control group. As to HRV frequency domain, the high frequency power was significantly higher, but the ratio of low frequency power to frequency power for hypothyroid patients was lower than in the controls. These abnormal changes of HRV measurements in hypothyroid patients were improved after treatment with thyroxine and were associated with recovery of serum concentrations of FT3 and FT4. Conclusions Patients with hypothyroidism often have autonomic neuropathies with a higher level of vagal tone. These abnormalities could be partly improved by thyoxine therapy.展开更多
文摘Fever is an adaptive host response coordinated by the central nervous system （CNS） during systemic immune challenge. Recent research shed light on the mechanism of fever generation, particularly the underlying neural pathways. In this review, we first briefly summarize current views on the mechanism of sensing microbial infection by the nervous system, and the roles of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and its receptors in fever; then we focus on the neural circuits underlying fever generation, particularly their relationship with the distribution of PGE2 receptors within the CNS. At the end, an overall neurochemical model of fever generation is presented, pointing to the direction for future studies.
文摘Primary pancreatic lymphoma(PPL)is an extremely rare form of extranodal malignant lymphoma.The most common histological subtype of PPL is diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).In rare cases,PPL can also present as follicular lymphoma,small lymphocytic lymphoma,and T cell lymphoma either of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.T-cell/histiocyterich large B-cell lymphoma(T/HRBCL)is an uncommon morphologic variant of DLBCL with aggressive clinical course,it is predominantly a nodal disease,but extranodal sites such as bone marrow,liver,and spleen can be involved.Pancreatic involvement of T/HRBCL was not presented before.Herein,we report a 48-year-old male who was hospitalized with complaints of jaundice,dark brown urine,pale stools,and nausea.The radiological evaluation revealed a pancreatic head mass and,following operative biopsy,the tumor was diagnosed as T/HRBCL.The patient achieved remission after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy.Therefore,T/HRBCL can be treated similarly to the stage-matched DLBCL and both of them get equivalent outcomes after chemotherapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670898, 30572108)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2005CB522400)Capital Research Fund for Medical Development (2007-2040)
文摘Objective To explore the effect of α-galactosyleramide （α-GalCer） on immune reconstitution under acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD）. Methods BALB/c mice were transplanted with allogeneic C57BL/6 bone marrow cells and splenocytes （both 1 × 10^7） after receiving lethal total-body irradiation, α-GalCer （100 ug/kg） or vehicle （dimethyl- sulfoxide） was administered intraperitoneally immediately after transplantation. The effects of α-GalCer on immune reconstitufion, proliferation of T cells and B cells, hematopoiesis, and thymic microenvironment were assessed. Results The α-GalCer group exhibited higher percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, B220^＋, CD40＋, and CD86＋cells compared with the vehicle group. The number of colony forming unit per 1000 CD34^＋ cells in the et-GalCer group was higher than in the vehicle group （P=0.0012）. In vitro proliferation assays showed that the α-GalCer group had higher percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, and B220^＋ cells compared with the vehicle group. As for the results of in vivo proliferation assays, the numbers of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, and B220^＋ cells were higher in the α-GalCer group than in the normal group, especially the number of B220^＋ cells （P=0.007）. Significant difference was not found in thymocyte count between the α-GalCer group and the vehicle group, nor in the percentages of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, and CD8^＋ cells. Conclusion Administration of tl-GalCer after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may promote immune reconstitution in the presence of aGVHD.
文摘Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast cancer.The aim of the study was to verify the clinico-pathologic profile of male patients with breast cancer including analysis of hormone receptors and Her-2/neu state and its impact on survival rate.Methods:This is a retrospective study carried on a total of 123 male patients presented to the National Cancer Institute(NCI),Cairo University,Egypt-with breast carcinoma from January 1999 to December 2009.Results:The patients had a median age of 58(ranged from 29-92) years.About 39.8% of the patients presented with T4 lesion.At presentation,12.2% of the cases had metastasis with bone represented 86.7% of metastatic sites.About 92.7% of patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy and radical mastectomy.Invasive duct carcinoma reported in 91.1%,and 76.4% of the patients had grade II pathology.Hormone profile was reported in 74% of the patients with 71.4% positive ER and 69.2% positive PR.Among 57 cases tested for Her-2/neu,10.5% were positive.Luminal A was the most common subtype detected in male breast carcinoma patients constituting 66.7%.Comparison with female patients with breast carcinoma revealed some differences regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2/neu status and breast cancer subtypes.Chemotherapy as adjuvant,neo-adjuvant and metastatic was given for 73.1%,17.3% and 9.6% of the cases,with 83% of them had an anthracyclin-containing regimen.Sixty-nine patients received radiation treatment,65.2% and 34.8% of them with adjuvant and palliative aim,respectively.Dose of adjuvant radiotherapy had a median value of 4410(3400-5000) cGy.Adjuvant hormonal treatment(Tamoxafin) was given for 47 patients all of them with ER and/or PR positive for a median period of 33.5(4-60) months.The 5-year overall survival(OS),loco-regional control(LRC),metastasis-free survival(MFS) rates were 63%,68%,and 62%,respectively.Axillary lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage significantly worsen all survival rates.While,higher grade was associated with a poor overall survival,this was not reflected on LRC and MFS rates.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly improved all survival rates.Conclusion:Some gender differences were detected regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2 state,and tumor subtypes.
文摘Persistent ductus arteriosus （PDA） is a congenital cardiovascular malformation connecting the pulmonary trunk of the proximal left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Normally, the duct closes after birth as a result of a sudden increase in arterial oxygen saturation and a decrease in the level of vasoaetive prostaglandins. The incidence of persistent ductus arteriosus accounts for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases.
基金Supported by The Major Scientific and Technological Project of Hubei Province, No. 2006AA301A06
文摘Combined en bloc liver/pancreas transplantation （CLPT） was used primarily in the treal^nent of otherwise non- resectable upper abdominal malignancy. In fact, a more appropriate indication is in patients with liver disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （IDDM）. Here, we report on two successful cases of CLPT at our hospital. One was a patient with non-resectable advanced liver cancer. The recipient survived for 23 mo and finally died of recurrent tumor. The other was a patient with severe biliary complication after orthotopic liver transplantation and preoperative IDDM. We performed CLPT with a modified surgical technique of preserving the native pancreas. He is currently liver-disease- and insulin-free more than 27 mo post-transplant. Based on our experience in two cases of abdominal cluster transplantation, we describe the technical details of CLPT and a modification of the surgical procedure.
文摘The success of each enterprise is finding, working on it, promoting, and obviously offering what the consumers really love and enjoy. Albania is very useful if you have this mission： Reconciling all the nature components with favorable weather conditions, we can really offer an adventure business, where everyone can discover the beauty of Albania through an unforgettable trip. The key word that summarizes all the elements mentioned is without a doubt “Rafting”. Introducing rafting both as a sport and as a touristic outdoor activity, in that way we develop a new touristic market and a strong promoter of sustainable adventure tourism in Albania. When a person takes pleasure but in an unhealthy extent, how does this affect his personality？ The adrenaline as happiness, meaning and pleasure…The topics that this study is about, are two key terms that will guarantee the success of this “adventure project”： The first is the satisfaction of consumers, which gives us a feedback about the product/service and the second part deals with the term adrenaline （pleasure supreme customer）; hedonic consumer features, part of their character, the main approaches and a study conducted with customers who have attended at least once rafting, customers attending characteristic of emotions, adrenaline, and adventure to take the pleasure of life. A company should always try and please its consumers. Usually, pleased consumers will always come back for more; they will also spread the word and bring new potential consumers into your business that will pay a fair amount of money for a new upcoming product that set company offers. The measurement of consumer satisfaction is a pure indicator of the consumers repurchases intentions, an indicator of the actual performance and differentiation from the current competition. The consumers mind will always remember the name of the company that they had a bad experience rather than the onethey have been satisfied with. Often when we receive a fixed service, our mind tends to create a very close emotional connection to set service. Often we find that the smallest things bring the greatest joy, regardless of the price. For the majority part, following the adrenaline passion is more than just a need. Lately, the traditional notion of purchasing is left behind and everyone is focusing on providing themselves with pleasure and emotions. The definition of the word “hedonic” comes from Ancient Greece, meaning “taking the maximal pleasure from life” being our primary goal.
文摘Objective To analyze heart rate variability (HRV)and its changes with thyroxine treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods HRV was analyzed using 24-hour electrocardiographic recording in 38 patients with hypothyroidism and 21 normal controls. The changes in HRV were evaluated for the 18 hypothyroid patients after 3 months of thyroxine therapy.Results The time domain measurements of HRV in hypothyroid patients were much lower than those in the control group. As to HRV frequency domain, the high frequency power was significantly higher, but the ratio of low frequency power to frequency power for hypothyroid patients was lower than in the controls. These abnormal changes of HRV measurements in hypothyroid patients were improved after treatment with thyroxine and were associated with recovery of serum concentrations of FT3 and FT4. Conclusions Patients with hypothyroidism often have autonomic neuropathies with a higher level of vagal tone. These abnormalities could be partly improved by thyoxine therapy.
