世界软体动物主要物种组产量变动趋势研究

过去60余年来,世界软体动物主要物种组产量呈现出总体稳定增长、个别年份有所波动的趋势。1990年以前10年期产量增幅均超过35%,20世纪90年代增长最快,2000-2008年间增幅变小。20世纪70年代初,养殖产量超过捕捞产量,2008年在主要物种组产量中所占份额高达86%。2008年,各物种组按产量高低排序为蛤类、牡蛎、扇贝、贻贝、鲍鱼和螺类,各大洲按产量高低排序为亚洲、美洲和欧洲,前10大生产国为中国、日本、美国、韩国、泰国、智利、法国、西班牙、意大利、加拿大。

粉尘螨1组主要变应原(Der.f 1)含量测定体系比较

目的探索建立Der. f 1含量测定抗原、抗体国家标准品的可行性。方法首先对粉尘螨1组主要变应原(Der. f 1)含量测定用的3种不同企业抗原标准品(ST-H011、MS-14、EL-UAS)进行比较分析,筛选适用性好的抗原标准品;进一步对3种抗体系统(5-17/Der1-BD、14-1/12G2、6A8/4C1)进行比较,筛选最佳检测抗体系统;最后再进一步利用两种抗原标准品和3种抗体系统对不同企业粉尘螨变应原制品中的Der. f 1进行含量测定。结果 ST-H011和MS-14用于测定Der. f 1含量具有较好的通用性,EL-UAS用于Der. f 1含量测定结果与前两者差异较大;3种Der. f 1特异性抗体检测系统具有较好的通用性;利用上述两种Der. f 1抗原标准品和3种抗体系统测定各企业粉尘螨变应原制品中的Der. f 1含量时,结果均符合质量标准规定。结论两种Der. f 1抗原标准品及三种抗体系统测定粉尘螨变应原中Der. f 1含量,均具有较好的通用性和适用性,其中14-1/12G2抗体测定结果的一致性最好,可作为Der. f 1含量测定用抗体国家标准品的候选。

辽宁东部地区主要树种组林分平均胸径生长率模型的研究

该文采用超总体理论编制辽宁省东部地区主要树种组林分平均胸径生长率通用模型,以2005年森林资源二类调查资料为原始数据,涵盖辽宁东部7个市31个县(市、区)8个树种(组)在不同地理位置和不同立地条件的生长水平。建立4种模拟方程,通过拟合与优化及结果精度的检验选出了各树种组的平均胸径生长率模型。

水泥基灌浆材料主要成分对其新拌及硬化性能的影响

在试验基础上,归纳了水泥基灌浆材料的共性,总结了水泥基干粉灌浆砂浆的各主要组分,包括胶凝材料、骨料、减水剂、消泡剂和膨胀剂,对其性能,包括流动性、凝结时间、力学性能和竖向膨胀性的影响规律。为水泥基灌浆材料的研发和生产提供了参考资料。

优秀女子排球队的比赛技术模式

优秀运动队和运动员的模式是有效地控制训练过程的一项重要因素。在优秀运动队和运动员的模式结构中,比赛模式占有突出的地位。比赛模式反映了优秀运动队和运动员的比赛活动特点。 制定比赛模式。

中国在世界软体动物产业中的地位:产量视角

基于部分前期研究成果,本文运用"一纵多横"法,以"软体动物"作为分析单元,从产量角度相对宏观地考察了中国和世界软体动物产业过去60年间的演进趋势,包括以10年为期分别梳理了中国和世界软体动物总产量以及养殖产量、捕捞产量在不同时期的增长量和增长率,选定年份中国对世界软体动物总产量、养殖产量和捕捞产量的贡献,并特别比较了选定年份中国与世界软体动物产量养捕比。为更具体地了解中国在世界软体动物产业中的地位,本文同时考察了中国和世界软体动物主要物种组产量及其不同时期的增长量和增长率,以及选定年份中国对世界软体动物主要物种组产量的贡献。

世界软体动物养殖产值变动趋势和特征研究

本文系统分析了世界软体动物养殖产值的变动趋势和特征,包括软体动物养殖总产值、主要物种组养殖总产值及各物种组产值和区域产值,列出了2008年主要物种组养殖总产值和各物种组养殖产值排名前10位的国家或地区。

Polymorphism of Exon 3 of MHC Class Ⅱ B Gene in Chinese Alligator(Alligator sinensis)

The polymorphism of MHC class II B gene in 14 Chinese alligators was analyzed, which came from three different areas： a wild population from Xuancheng, Anhui, a captive population from Changxing, Zhejiang, and a captive population from Anhui Research Center for Reproduction of Chinese Alligators. The gene fragment was amplified using a pair of specific primers designed from the MHC gene sequence of the spectacled caiman. A total of 34 sequence haplotypes of exon 3 were detected in the sampled Chinese alligators. The numbers of haplotypes of the 3 Chinese alligator populations were 15, 10, and 9, respectively. The overall estimation of the MHC polymorphism in the Chinese alligator population was higher than those in mammals and in cypdnid fish, The rates of nonsynonymous substitutions （dN） occurred at a significantly lower frequency than that of synonymous substitutions （ds）, which were not consistent with the common rule. This result might suggest that the polymorphism of exon 3 seemed not to be maintained by the balancing selection. The neutrality test of Tajima excluded the null hypothesis that the polymorphism of exon 3 was generated by a random drift, and the fact that D = -0.401 indicated an excess of rare mutations in the Chinese alligator. The nucleotide diversity of the sequences and the phylogenetic relations were also analyzed, and the results suggested that there was no significant difference in genetic diversity among the 3 populations of Chinese alligator.

安徽省森林碳储量及碳密度特征研究

基于安徽省第九次全国森林资源清查数据,利用生物量—蓄积量转换模型,从不同森林类型、起源、龄组、优势树种(组)等方面进行分析,运用生物量换算因子连续函数法,对安徽省森林碳储量及碳密度进行估算。结果表明,安徽省森林碳储总量为11 843.59×10~4t,平均碳密度29.93 t/hm^2,其中乔木林碳储量为9 790.17×10~4t,占森林总碳储量的82.66%,乔木林平均碳密度为31.72t/hm^2,碳密度大小排序为:阔叶林>针阔混>针叶林,经济林、竹林碳储量为2 053.42×10~4t。乔木林中,天然林的面积、碳储量略小于人工林,但天然乔木林各龄组碳密度均大于人工林;阔叶混交林、杨树、马尾松、杉木、针阔混交林、栎类、针叶混交林的面积、碳储量占优势,其中又以阔叶混交林为最大,面积、碳储量均超过乔木林的28%。文章指出安徽省乔木林碳密度水平仍然不高,今后在增加森林面积的同时,仍需采取合理经营管理措施,促使森林质量和碳汇水平不断提高。

鹰形风筝的制作

春风乍起,正是放风筝的好季节,在此介绍一些风筝的简单制作技术,可望为青少年朋友们的放飞增添一点乐趣。 ①主要组成:膀条、中心条、斜条。

省厅机关党委举办支部书记培训班

省厅机关党委于去年十一月中旬举办了为期两天的党支部书记培训班。机关各处室及直属单位的支部书记等共20多人参加了培训。培训主要组织学习党的十四届四中全会的《决定》和有关党务工作的文件。

Epidemiology and gene markers of ulcerative colitis in the Chinese

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） includes two similar yet distinct conditions called ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD）. These diseases affect the digestive system and cause the inflammation of intestinal tissue, form sores and bleed easily. Most children with IBD are diagnosed in late childhood and adolescence. However, both UC and CD have been reported as early as in infancy. Most information pertaining to the epidemiology of IBD is based upon adult studies. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, fatigue and diarrhea. Genetic factors play a significant role in determining IBD susceptibility. Epidemiological data support a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD. Recently, numerous new genes have been identified as being involved in the genetic susceptibility to IBD： TNF- 308A, CARD15 （NOD2）, MIF-173, N-acetyltransferase 2 （NAT2）, NKG2D （natural killer cell 2D）, STAT6 （signal transducer and activator of transcription 6）, CTLA-4 （cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4）, MICA-MICB （major histocompatibility complex A and B）, HLA-DRB1, HLA class-Ⅱ, IL-18, IL-4, MICA-A5, CD14, TI R4, Fas-670, p53 and NF-kB. The characterization of these novel genes has the potential to identify therapeutic agents and aid clinical assessment of phenotype and prognosis in patients with IBD （UC and CD）.

Comparison of human amniotic fluid-derived and umbilical cord Wharton＇s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells： Characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity

Objective To compare the characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity of arnniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells （AF MSCs） and umbilical cord Wharton＇s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells （WJ MSCs）. Methods The human AF MSCs were cultured from amniotic fluid samples obtained by amniocentesis. The umbilical cord WJ MSCs were obtained from Wharton＇s Jelly of umbilical cords of infants delivered full-term by normal labor. The morphology, growth curves, and analyses by flow cytometry of cell surface markers were compared between the two types of cells. Myocardial genes （GATA-4, c-TnT, a-actin, and Cx43） were detected by real-time PCR and the corresponding protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis after myocardial induced in AF MSCs and WJ MSCs. Results Our findings revealed AF MSCs and WJ MSCs shared similar morphological characteristics of the fibroblastoid shape. The AF MSCs were easily obtained than the WJ MSCs and had a shorter time to reach adherence of 2.7 ± 1.6 days to WJ MSCs of 6.5 ± 1.8 days. The growth curves by MTT cytotoxic assay showed the AF MSCs had a similar proliferative capacity at passage 5 and passage 10. However, the proliferative capacities ofWJ MSCs were decreased at 5 passage relative to 10 passage. Both AF stem cells and WJ stem cells had the characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells with some characteristics of embryonic stem cells. They express CD29 and CD105, but not CD34. They were positive for Class I major histocompatibility （MHC I） antigens （HLA-ABC）, and were negative, or mildly positive, for MHC Class II （HLA-DR） antigen. Oct-4 was positive in all the two cells types. Both AF MSCs and WJ MSCs could differentiate along myocardium. The differentiation capacities were detected by the expression of GATA-4, c-TnT, a-actin, Cx43 after myocardial induction. Conclusions Both AF MSCs and WJ MSCs have the potential clinical application for myogenesis in cardiac regenerative therapy.

Transcriptome of intraperitoneal organs of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus challenged by Edwardsiella ictaluri JCM1680

Platichthys stellatus is an economically important marine bony fish species that is cultured in China on a large scale.However,very little is known about its immune-related genes.In this study,the transcriptome of the immune organs ofP.stellatus that were intraperitoneally challenged with the pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri JCM1680 is analyzed.Total RNA from four tissues(spleen,kidney,liver,and intestine) was mixed equally and then sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform.Overall,28 465 813 quality reads were generated and assembled into 43 061 unigenes.Similarity searches against public protein sequence databases were used to annotate 28 291 unigenes(65.7%of the total),368 of which were associated with immunoregulation,including 188 related to immunity response.Additionally,the transcript levels of immunity response unigenes annotated as related to tumor necrosis factor(TNF),TNF receptor,chemokine,major histocompatibility complex,and interleukin-6 were investigated in the different tissues of normal and infected P.stellatus by real-time quantitative PCR.The results confirmed that the unigenes identified in the transcriptome database were indeed expressed and up-regulated in infected P.stellatus.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the sequencing and analysis of the transcriptome of P.stellatus.These findings provide insights into the transcriptomics and immunogenetics of bony fish.

Theoretical basis of a beneficial role for vitamin D in viral hepatitis

Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P 450 , the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D 3 metabolite.

Sequence polymorphism of two major histocompatibility(MH)classⅡB genes and their association with Vibrio anguillarum infection in half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Major histocompatibility complex （MHC） class II B molecules play an important role in the adaptive immune response in fish. Previous study has reported that two highly polymorphic class II B genes, Cyse-DAB and Cyse-DBB exist in half-smooth tongue sole （Cynoglossus semilaevis）. In this study, the polymorphism within exon 2 of the class II B genes following bacterial challenge was evaluated. Two hundred C. semilaevis individuals were injected intraperitoneally with Vibrio anguillarum. Muscle tissue from the first 20 dead and 20 of the survivors was collected for genotyping. Sixty alleles from the 40 individuals were isolated, of which 32 belonged to Cyse-DAB and 28 belonged to Cyse-DBB. The rate of dN （non-synonymous substitution） was higher than that of ds （synonymous substitution） in the PBRs （peptide binding residues） of both class I1 B genes. Conversely, the rate of ds was higher than dy in the non-PBRs and the complete exon 2 sequence. Thus, the results suggest that positive selection has occurred in the PBRs and purifying selection in the non-PBRs and exon 2. Thirteen class II B alleles were used to study the association between alleles and resistance to infection. Though not significant, alleles Cyse-DAB＊ 0601, Cyse-DAB ＊ 0706, and Cyse-DBB＊O 101, Cyse-DBB＊ 1301 were only found in surviving individuals and may represent alleles that have resistance against V. anguillarum infection. Alleles Cyse-DAB＊0701 and Cyse-DAB＊1301 were significantly more prevalent in dead individuals than in surviving ones and may represent alleles that are associated with increased susceptibility to V. anguillarum infection.

ENDOGENOUS EXPRESSION AND HLA STABILIZATION ASSAY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CTL EPITOPE MINIGENE IN HUMAN HLA- A2.1 AND HLA- B51 CELLS

To evaluate the Plasmodium falciparum CTL epitope vaccines in HLA class I allele specific human cell lines that have high frequency among Chinese population. Methods. Synthesized oligonucleotides encoding for P.f. CTL epitope genes, constructed eukaryotic expression plasmids, transfected the minigenes into HLA class I allele specific human cell lines and identified endogenous expressing of the minigenes by RT- PCR and HLA stabilization assay. Results. Two mini- genes encoding Plasmodium falciparum CTL epitopes were designed and cloned, respectively, into an eukaryotic expressing vector to form TR26 which was restricted to HLA- B51, SH6 which was restricted to HLA- A2.1, and TS, which had the two aforementioned mini- genes fused in tandem. All of these CTL epitope genes were transfected and endogenously expressed in respective cell lines containing appropriate HLA molecules. The obviously increased expressions of HLA class I molecules were detected in the transfected cell lines. It was demonstrated that the two discrete Plasmodium falciparum epitope genes were effectively processed and presented, and the close proximity of the two epitope genes in one chain as in mini- gene TS did not interfere with the processing and presenting of each epitope gene in corresponding cell line. Conclusion. A successful expression and presentation of multiple CTL epitope mini- gene in MHC class I allele specific human cell lines were demonstrated by an in vitro assay, which could be corresponding to the vaccination of CTL vaccines in people with different MHC I molecules. This work also suggested the possibility of constructing a multiple CTL epitope plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine that could cover most of Chinese population.

Variation of DRB1 Gene in Tibetan Sheep

It reveals that the MHC （major histocompatibility complex） gene product always involved in the control of immune response and disease resistance. Nowadays many studies have indicated the OLA （ovine lymphocyte antigen） DRB1 gene is associated with some sheep diseases. Tibetan sheep is one of the three major shag sheep breeds in China, and also have the largest number of China＇s sheep breeds. But till now no report has been seen on studying DRB1 gene in Tibetan sheep of China. To understand the evolution and provide the basis for sheep disease resistance, polymorphism in the exon2 ofDRB1 gene in Tibetan sheep was analyzed. The PCR-SSCP, cloning and sequencing were used to analyse DRB1 gene variation in 600 Tibetan sheep of China. And the genetic relationship and evolutionary significance of the alleles had also been analyzed. Total of 31 alleles were identified, in which 15 alleles had not been reported before. And there were 70 SNPs （single nucleotide polymorphisms） sites in 31 sheep DRB1 gene haplotypes, the proportion was 29.5% to the whole exort2 sequence. All of this indicated that DRB1 exon2 is highly polymorphic in Tibetan sheep. The variation identified here might have an impact on both the function and level of expression of the OLA-DRB1.

Sensors Array Technique for Monitoring Aluminum Alloy Spot Welding

In this paper,the sensors array technique is applied to the quality detection of aluminum alloy spot welding.The sensors array has three forms,i.e.,linear magnetic sensors array,annular magnetic sensors array and cross magnetic sensors array.An algorithm based on principal component analysis is proposed to extract the signal eigenvalues.The three types of magnetic sensors array are used in the experiment of monitoring the signal.After the eigenvalues are extracted,they are used to build a relationship with ...

Identification of two Major Histocompatibility(MH) Class Ⅱ A Genes and Their Association to Vibrio anguillarum Infection in Half-smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens are important in vertebrate immune system.In the present study,the full cDNA sequence of class II A gene was synthesized by RACE-PCR from half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis),and its open reading frame(ORF) polymorphism was studied.The whole cDNA sequence was 992 bp in length,including the ORF with 717 bp.Twenty-five alleles were identified and clustered into two distinct groups according to the specific nucleotides/amino acids in specific positions.Eleven alleles belonged to Cyse-DAA while fourteen alleles belonged to Cyse-DBA.Four Cyse-DAA alleles were observed in one individual,and three to five Cyse-DBA alleles were observed in each of the three detected individuals,which indicated that at least two loci existed in each gene.Moreover,in order to study the function of the alleles in resistance to infection,200 individuals were intraperitoneally injected with Vibrio anguillarum and the first 20 dead individuals and 20 surviving ones were selected for genotype analysis.Fifty-six alleles were identified among the 40 individuals.Twenty-nine alleles belonged to Cyse-DAA and the other 27 alleles belonged to Cyse-DBA.Eighteen alleles were selected for studying their function in resistance to infection.Alleles Cyse-DAA*0201,Cyse-DAA*1101,Cyse-DBA*0401,Cyse-DBA*1102,Cyse-DBA*1801 and Cyse-DBA*2201 were identi-fied only in surviving individuals,while alleles Cyse-DAA*0901,Cyse-DBA*1101 and Cyse-DBA*1401 occurred more frequently in dead individuals.This study confirmed the existence and polymorphism of two class II A genes as well as the relationship between alleles of class II A genes and disease susceptibility/resistance in half-smooth tongue sole.