从修改成语现象看今天国人的实用主义价值观

The practice of four-character Chinese idioms alteration used in the signboards by substituting character （s） with their homophonous words has grown into a general trend. Fifty-one altered idioms are collected. The majority of the modifiers are medium-small store owners. Idiom alteration for specific purpose differs from the idiom misinterpretation. Speedy economic growth and material wealth pursuit social context stimulate the idiom alteration behavior which enforces the pragmatism value orientation. By modifying idioms into four-character structures of strong practical effect, the obvious pragamtic value of the businessmen and of Chinese are manifested. A causal analysis method is used.

汉语地点直示成分在句法结构中的表现

地点直示成分作为一种表达语用功能的成分,在汉语中除了可以单独实现为句法上的主宾语和状语外,更常见的是出现在名词性成分后,与之共同实现为定中关系和同位关系的名名组合。此外,还有直示义已经虚化的两种情况。实现为不同的句法关系,取决于地点直示成分的性质是黏合性的还是构词本身包含着指示或篇章成分。当实现为单独的句法成分时,地点直示成分所体现的表空间距离的客观语用义最强;当实现在句法组合中时,地点直示成分则体现出一定的表心理距离的主观语用义;当直示义虚化时,地点直示成分主要表达说话者的主观语用义。