河流健康评价的主评指标筛选

由于河流作为能量和物质传输的载体,对于整个陆地生态系统的良性循环都起着至关重要的作用,同时对于洪水的治理以及生态区的保护都起着十分重要的作用。人类对河流各项功能的要求越高,其功能阈值也就会相应地不断缩小,而为了更好地满足生产发展的需求,人们便会不断加大对河流资源的开发力度,久而久之便形成了恶性循环。那么怎样才能对河流健康状况进行有效的评价,并采取一定的保护和修复手段,从而使得河流生态系统可以更好地服务于人民,不断促进社会经济和环境之间的协调发展。鉴于此,本文主要对河流健康评价的主评指标筛选进行了一定的研究。

河流健康评价的主评指标筛选

河流健康是近年来探讨水资源问题的一个热点,其评价指标体系正成为河流管理的目标。为了筛选出一些基本的、易于量化的主要评价指标来揭示河流健康基本状况和变化趋势,通过对1972～2010年约150篇相关文献、45个河流健康评价指标体系902项指标的整理和归纳,应用统计、层次和相关性分析法,确定各指标的被采用率,并同时综合考虑指标的重要性、普遍性、可量化性和易获得性,筛选出揭示河流生境物理、水环境、生物和水资源利用4类特征的主要指标。结果表明,有以下8个指标可作为河流健康的主评指标:河岸植被覆盖率、河流连通性、湿地保留率、径流量变化率、水质达标率、鱼类生物完整性指数、水资源利用率和流域天然植被覆盖率。

Spatial and Temporal Differences of Urban Land Comprehensive Carrying Capacity in Guangxi

The comprehensive carrying capacity of urban land can reflect the re- source level, economic scale, social development and environmental pressure of ur- ban land carrying. The assessment indicator system of urban land comprehensive carrying capacity was constructed from the 4 aspects of resource, economy, society, environment, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the urban land comprehensive carrying capacity of Guangxi and the 14 cities in 2005-2014, and analyzed its spatial and temporal characteristics as well as the driving forces, with the aim to provide references for improving the urban land comprehensive carrying capacity. The results showed that, the overall urban land comprehensive carrying capacity in Guangxi increased in 2005-2014, and there were significant differences in the land comprehensive carrying capacities among the cities in Guangxi in 2005-2014, in which Liuzhou, Guilin, Nanning belonged to the regions with the highest carrying capacity, while Beihai, Yulin, Wutong belonged to the regions with high carrying capacity, and the carrying capacities of the other cities changed with the changes of time. The economic development degree was an important factor influencing urban land comprehensive carrying capacity, but could not directly represent the urban land comprehensive carrying capacity level.

Evaluation of the propensity for coal spontaneous combustion based on catastrophe theory

Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, ＂catastrophe temperature＂, be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.

Evaluation of the Rural Human Settlement in Shandong Province

Taking Shandong Province as the research object,this paper uses the principal component analysis method to evaluate the status of the rural human settlement in Shandong Province.It establishes the evaluation index system of the rural residential environment in Shandong Province,including living environment,economy,infrastructure,public service facilities,and ecological environment,in total five comprehensive index,and 20 secondary indexes.Through measurement and sorting of rural human environment development level of Shandong Province in 2010,the 17 cities are divided into-excellent,good,ordinary,poor-four development areas and are analyzed based on the restriction factor in the development of the region.

A Research on the Third-Party Legislative Post-Assessment in China

With the formation of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, China pays more attention to the scientificity and the quality of legislation, starting the assessment of the effect of implementation of the law after legislation conducted by an independent third-party institution with scientific methods. The third-party legislative post-assessment can overcome the drawbacks of self-assessment, realizing the public participation better, which makes results of the assessment more objective, neutral and fair. The neutrality of assessment and scientificity of the method should be adhered in the construction of third-party legislative post-assessment in China, while improving public participation as well as the assessment indicators system and quality control system with the introduction of specific legal norms.

Application of fuzzy optimization model in the evaluationof urban flood-waterloggedvulnerabilitybased on the synthetic weight ofgame theory

The evaluation of urban flood-waterlogged vulnerability is very important to the safety of urban flood control. In this paper, the evaluation of consolidated index is used. Respectively, AHP and entropy method calculate the subjective and objective weight of the evaluation indicators, and combine them by game theory. So we can obtain synthetic weight based on objective and subjective weights. The evaluation of urban flood-waterlogged vulnerability as target layer, a single variable multi-objective fuzzy optimization model is established. We use the model to evaluate flood-waterlogged vulnerability of 13 prefecture-level city in Hunan, and compare it with other evaluation method. The results show that the evaluation method has certain adaptability and reliability, and it＇ s helpfid to the construction planning of urban flood control.