东汉“义从”概念的生成--汉代边疆伦理整合的个案考察

东汉“义从”主要指接受汉朝调遣的羌胡兵,其中的“义”字强调羌胡兵辅汉的自愿性,体现了汉王朝边疆整合的伦理路径。在以“义”治国的过程中,“义”的标准大体有法、礼、情三种,承秦而起的汉王朝起初重“法义”。后来“礼义”“情义”地位渐升,甚至可以超越“法义”。正是在“情义”渐重的情形下,“义钱”“义谷”等标榜助国自愿性的名目陆续出现,东汉“义从”即生成于这一潮流中。尽管“义从”概念的名与实未尽相符,但义从群体参与汉王朝的军事行动,对中原王朝以及边疆族群自身的历史均有一定影响。

Democracy on the Road toward the Rule of Law Started from Umbrella Movement

This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.

Double Subordination Preserving Properties for a New Generalized Srivastava-Attiya Integral Operator

The authors obtain subordination and superordination preserving properties for a new defined generalized operator involving the Srivastava-Attiya integral operator. Differential sandwich-type theorems for these univalent functions, and some consequences involving well-known special functions are also presented.

昭义军刘从谏擅位与晚唐藩镇秩序

晚唐的藩镇擅位中,昭义军刘从谏的成功相当特殊却很少引起关注。从很多方面看,他似乎都不太具备成功的可能,但这起擅位却在不到三个月内就完成,成为晚唐“顺地”里唯一“世袭化”的例子。在此过程中,行军司马贾直言起到重要作用,尤其他提供的以恭顺为主的擅位策略,契合了晚唐朝廷构建的藩镇秩序,因此更容易取得成功。而晚唐的藩镇秩序,并非简单的“放弃河朔,控制其余”的地域差异,而是更强调藩镇和朝廷互动中的恭顺程度。在朝廷权威增强的背景下,藩镇的擅位策略普遍更为恭顺,一些过去常见的擅位举措也被视作反叛朝廷的表现。