In the early 1950s, the Greek National Tourism Organization made a nation-wide attempt to develop tourism in Greece. For a period of two decades, it developed the hotel buildings＇ substructure, a project known as the...In the early 1950s, the Greek National Tourism Organization made a nation-wide attempt to develop tourism in Greece. For a period of two decades, it developed the hotel buildings＇ substructure, a project known as the ＂Xenia project＂. During this period, Greek architects, devoted to modernism, designed and supervised 53 hotel compounds, which spread throughout the country. Today, the Xenia Hotels are internationally recognized as part of Greece＇s modern cultural heritage, based on the simplicity, the definition of the form and the truth in materials use, besides the integration of the buildings in the natural environment, components which reveal themselves as a unique venture. This paper aims to reveal that, despite the efforts to retain the Xenia Hotels, these procedures remain incomplete. They rightly focus on architectural shells, morphological and functional standardization, proper utilization of the Greek environmental conditions, and the use of authentic local materials. However, the cultural evaluation of these settlements can only be completed by their holistic design, which also comprises their interior spaces, lightening and furniture design, all these detailed aspects that form an organic entirety and which are not included in these efforts.展开更多
Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagop...Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.展开更多
Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive b...Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.展开更多
Generalized morphological operator can generate less statistical bias in the output than classical morphological operator. Comprehensive utilization of spectral and spatial information of pixels, an endmember extracti...Generalized morphological operator can generate less statistical bias in the output than classical morphological operator. Comprehensive utilization of spectral and spatial information of pixels, an endmember extraction algorithm based on generalized morphology is proposed. For the limitations of morphological operator in the pixel arrangement rule and replacement criteria, the reference pixel is introduced. In order to avoid the cross substitution phenomenon at the boundary of different object categories in the image, an endmember is extracted by calculating the generalized opening-closing(GOC) operator which uses the modified energy function as a distance measure. The algorithm is verified by using simulated data and real data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract endmember automatically without prior knowledge and achieve relatively high extraction accuracy.展开更多
Two kinds of selection combining schemes including generalized selection combining (GSC) and generalized order selection combining (GOSC) are investigated. In the GSC scheme, L strongest diversity branches from a tota...Two kinds of selection combining schemes including generalized selection combining (GSC) and generalized order selection combining (GOSC) are investigated. In the GSC scheme, L strongest diversity branches from a total of R diversity branches are selected and coherently combined by maximal ratio combining. GOSC means that the Lth strongest diversity branch from R diversity branches is selected for reception. Closed-form expressions for the average signal-to-noise ratios of maximum ratio transmission with GSC and GOSC are derived in Rayleigh fading channels.展开更多
Although the inter-layer coupling in layered materials has attracted considerable interest due to its importance in determining physical properties of two- dimensional systems, studies on the inter-layer coupling in o...Although the inter-layer coupling in layered materials has attracted considerable interest due to its importance in determining physical properties of two- dimensional systems, studies on the inter-layer coupling in one-dimensional systems have so far been limited. Double-wall carbon nanotubes （DWCNTs） are one of the most fundamental and ideal model systems to study the interqayer coupling in one-dimensional systems. In this work, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the electronic transition between inner-and outer-nanotubes of the exactly same individual DWCNT. We find that the interqayer coupling is strong, leading to downshifts in most of the optical transition energies （up to -0.2 eV） compared to isolated CNTs. We also find that the presence of metallic tubes lead to stronger shifts. The inter-layer screening of Coulomb interactions is one of the key factors in explaining the observed results.展开更多
文摘In the early 1950s, the Greek National Tourism Organization made a nation-wide attempt to develop tourism in Greece. For a period of two decades, it developed the hotel buildings＇ substructure, a project known as the ＂Xenia project＂. During this period, Greek architects, devoted to modernism, designed and supervised 53 hotel compounds, which spread throughout the country. Today, the Xenia Hotels are internationally recognized as part of Greece＇s modern cultural heritage, based on the simplicity, the definition of the form and the truth in materials use, besides the integration of the buildings in the natural environment, components which reveal themselves as a unique venture. This paper aims to reveal that, despite the efforts to retain the Xenia Hotels, these procedures remain incomplete. They rightly focus on architectural shells, morphological and functional standardization, proper utilization of the Greek environmental conditions, and the use of authentic local materials. However, the cultural evaluation of these settlements can only be completed by their holistic design, which also comprises their interior spaces, lightening and furniture design, all these detailed aspects that form an organic entirety and which are not included in these efforts.
文摘Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.
文摘Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61275010)the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20132304110007)
文摘Generalized morphological operator can generate less statistical bias in the output than classical morphological operator. Comprehensive utilization of spectral and spatial information of pixels, an endmember extraction algorithm based on generalized morphology is proposed. For the limitations of morphological operator in the pixel arrangement rule and replacement criteria, the reference pixel is introduced. In order to avoid the cross substitution phenomenon at the boundary of different object categories in the image, an endmember is extracted by calculating the generalized opening-closing(GOC) operator which uses the modified energy function as a distance measure. The algorithm is verified by using simulated data and real data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract endmember automatically without prior knowledge and achieve relatively high extraction accuracy.
文摘Two kinds of selection combining schemes including generalized selection combining (GSC) and generalized order selection combining (GOSC) are investigated. In the GSC scheme, L strongest diversity branches from a total of R diversity branches are selected and coherently combined by maximal ratio combining. GOSC means that the Lth strongest diversity branch from R diversity branches is selected for reception. Closed-form expressions for the average signal-to-noise ratios of maximum ratio transmission with GSC and GOSC are derived in Rayleigh fading channels.
文摘Although the inter-layer coupling in layered materials has attracted considerable interest due to its importance in determining physical properties of two- dimensional systems, studies on the inter-layer coupling in one-dimensional systems have so far been limited. Double-wall carbon nanotubes （DWCNTs） are one of the most fundamental and ideal model systems to study the interqayer coupling in one-dimensional systems. In this work, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the electronic transition between inner-and outer-nanotubes of the exactly same individual DWCNT. We find that the interqayer coupling is strong, leading to downshifts in most of the optical transition energies （up to -0.2 eV） compared to isolated CNTs. We also find that the presence of metallic tubes lead to stronger shifts. The inter-layer screening of Coulomb interactions is one of the key factors in explaining the observed results.
