义理的体系与信仰的系统——考察儒家宗教性问题的一个必要视点

儒家并非宗教,但却有宗教性。厘清儒家义理体系与古代社会信仰系统的区别与联系,才能准确理解儒家的宗教性问题。孔子"吾与史巫同途而殊归"一语,点出了儒家义理体系与社会信仰系统之相关性与异质性统一的关系。"殊归",赋予了儒学作为哲学义理体系的独立性特质,依田立克对哲学与信仰的区分,儒学是哲学而非宗教;"同途",又使儒学能够以一种"神道设教"的方式因应和切合于社会生活,具有自身内在的实践和教化意义。宗教信仰的对象包含神格与神道两面。中国古代宗教关注的重点在"神道"而非"神格"。商周文明以连续性和整体性为特征,其宗教的观念,以神性内在贯通于人及人伦之世界。经由儒家"哲学的突破",古代社会信仰系统之作为"道德的宗教"义乃得以圆成,因而可大可久,构成为几千年中国社会之超越性价值与信仰的基础。儒家哲学据古代社会既有的信仰系统以引领社会生活,故其教化之所行,于中国社会最具普遍性的意义与广泛的包容性,并赋予其信仰生活以一种强理性的特质。这是儒学之异于西方宗教与哲学之独具的特点。

群体动力学在《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课中的应用探讨

文章引入社会心理学中的群体动力学理论分析和审视当前《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会和主义理论体系概论》课面临的教学问题和困境,通过构建"教师—学生双主体"的群体控制教学模式,提高教学实效性,以期给高校思想政治理论课教学困境提供新的问题解决视角。

毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论课教学改革的思考

在毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论课的教学与改革中，必须坚持理论联系实际的教学原则，精心安排教学内容，改进教学方法和教学手段，以调动学生的学习积极性和主动性，达到较好的教学效果。

解放思想与中国特色社会主义理论体系

思想解放与否直接关系到中国特色社会主义理论能否得到进一步发展。中国特色社会主义理论体系的形成和发展是解放思想的产物。新世纪新阶段,面对新的矛盾和问题,惟有继续解放思想,才能不断推进中国特色社会主义理论体系的新发展。

深入贯彻科学发展观认真落实《党校工作条例》进一步提高教学水平和干部素质

准确理解和牢牢把握中国特色社会主义理论体系的深刻涵义，全面贯彻落实科学发展观。“一校两院”的干部培训工作要紧紧围绕落实《党校工作条例》，结合即将开展的深入学习实践科学发展观活动，全面抓好今年的教学科研工作，努力提高广大干部贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性。

New Perspective for the Philosophy： Re-Construction ＆ Definition of the New Branches of Philosophy

In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject ＂X＂ and ＂philosophy of X＂ in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of ＂philosophy of X＂ in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.

Geospatial Semantic Interoperability Based on Ontology

In GIS field, great varieties of information from different domains are involved in order to solve actual problems. But usually spatial information is stored in diverse spatial databases, manipulated by different GIS platforms. Semantic heterogeneity is caused due to the distinctions of conception explanations among various GIS implements. It will result in the information obtaining and understanding gaps for spatial data sharing and usage. An ontology-based model for spatial information semantic interoperability is put forward after the comprehensive review of progress in ontology theory, methodology and application research in GIS domain.

A novel approach for agent ontology and its application in question answering

The information integration method of semantic web based on agent ontology(SWAO method) was put forward aiming at the problems in current network environment,which integrates,analyzes and processes enormous web information and extracts answers on the basis of semantics. With SWAO method as the clue,the following technologies were studied:the method of concept extraction based on semantic term mining,agent ontology construction method on account of multi-points and the answer extraction in view of semantic inference. Meanwhile,the structural model of the question answering system applying ontology was presented,which adopts OWL language to describe domain knowledge from where QA system infers and extracts answers by Jena inference engine. In the system testing,the precision rate reaches 86%,and the recalling rate is 93%. The experimental results prove that it is feasible to use the method to develop a question answering system,which is valuable for further study in more depth.

Processes of Adaptation and Creation of a Territorial Governance： The Experience of the Cities of Benevento and Salerno （Campania Region, Italy）~

This paper presents some considerations about the definition and role of ＂medium-sized cities＂ in the processes of urban governance of the Italian regional systems, in line with the objectives of European programming 2007-2013. Beginning from some theoretical considerations, the research objective is to delineate the features of the ＂new urban geography＂ of Campania region as it has been formed on the base of the social and economic processes that in the last 30 years have modified the regional urban system in the widest context of Mezzogiorno. To such aim, the paper is articulated in two parts： the first one in which the fundamental passages are re-called in the processes of development of Italian urban areas that have carried to new paradigms object of theoretical approaches still in course of definition, and the second one in which such processes are considered regarding the model of urban development of Campania, on which the research is concentrated. Specifically, the paper presents the case of two ＂middle cities＂ in the Campania region： Benevento and Salerno, which play a particularly important role in the design and development of a ＂regional network of medium-sized cities＂.

Biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional mongolian medicine

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine.METHODS:Based on biological naturalism regarding the relationship between man and universe(including psychosomatic integration) in osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine,we used modern physiopsychological and biomechanical principles and methods to investigate the biological macro-characteristics of humanization,behaviorism,and wholism in "dynamic" fixation of fractures.RESULTS:Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is based on the fixation criterion of macro-idea and method as well as on geometry,mechanics,motion,and stress and psychological stability in "non-sheltered fixation" of fractures contained in the life view of nature,regarding the relationship between man and universe(including psychosomatic integration) and on harmony between the limbs and the whole body,between body and function,and between man and nature.CONCLUSIONS:Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is fixation without trauma or shelter.The principle and method of whole,dynamic,and functional fixation of fractures is not only radical,but also represents a new direction for developing the principle and method of fracture immobilization.