AIM： To determine whether listening to music decreases the requirement for dosages of sedative drugs, patients＇ anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction feelings during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable ...AIM： To determine whether listening to music decreases the requirement for dosages of sedative drugs, patients＇ anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction feelings during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable and acceptable. METHODS： Patients undergoing elective colonoscopy between October 2005 and February 2006 were randomized into either listening to music （Group 1, n = 30） or not listening to music （Group 2, n = 30）. Anxiolytic and analgesic drugs （intravenous midazolam and meperidine） were given according to the patients＇ demand. Administered medications were monitored. We determined their levels of anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test form. Patients＇ satisfaction, pain, and willingness to undergo a repeated procedure were self-assessed using a visual analog scale. RESULTS： The mean dose of sedative and analgesic drugs used in group 1 （midazolam： 2.1 ± 1.4, meperidine： 18.1 ± 11.7） was smaller than group 2 （midazolam： 2.4 ± 1.0, meperidine： 20.6 ± 11.5）, but without a significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The mean anxiety level in group 1 was lower than group 2 （36.7 ± 2.2 vs 251.0 ± 1.9, P 〈 0.001）. The mean satisfaction score was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 （87.8 ± 3.1 vs 58.1 ± 3.4, P 〈 0.001）. The mean pain score in group i was lower than group 2 （74.1 ± 4.7 vs 39.0 ± 3.9, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Listening to music during colonoscopy helps reduce the dose of sedative medications, as well as patients＇ anxiety, pain, dissatisfaction during the procedure. Therefore, we believe that listening to music can play an adjunctive role to sedation in colonoscopy. It is a simple, inexpensive way to improve patients＇ comfort during the procedure.展开更多
The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted per...The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted perception of a number of very important features that tend to be underrated, discarded or not taken in the due consideration by the public. Only recently has musicology paid attention to the danger of this stereotyped vision of classical music, regarded as a sort of temple of seriousness, or as a kingdom where an alleged harmony reigns unchallenged. The topic of this article is precisely the other side of classical music, which also turns out to be a world torn by conflict and filled with artistic tension, where things do not always add up. To support this standpoint, a number of very well-known pieces are considered, paying attention to their less reassuring features. Thus, compositions that seemed to be familiar show a complex and disturbing expressive texture. As a result, a widespread listening attitude finds reasonable grounds for being changed： Instead of languidly leaning back into the armchair with closed eyes, the unbiased listener is requested by the music itself to keep its eyes wide open.展开更多
文摘AIM： To determine whether listening to music decreases the requirement for dosages of sedative drugs, patients＇ anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction feelings during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable and acceptable. METHODS： Patients undergoing elective colonoscopy between October 2005 and February 2006 were randomized into either listening to music （Group 1, n = 30） or not listening to music （Group 2, n = 30）. Anxiolytic and analgesic drugs （intravenous midazolam and meperidine） were given according to the patients＇ demand. Administered medications were monitored. We determined their levels of anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test form. Patients＇ satisfaction, pain, and willingness to undergo a repeated procedure were self-assessed using a visual analog scale. RESULTS： The mean dose of sedative and analgesic drugs used in group 1 （midazolam： 2.1 ± 1.4, meperidine： 18.1 ± 11.7） was smaller than group 2 （midazolam： 2.4 ± 1.0, meperidine： 20.6 ± 11.5）, but without a significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The mean anxiety level in group 1 was lower than group 2 （36.7 ± 2.2 vs 251.0 ± 1.9, P 〈 0.001）. The mean satisfaction score was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 （87.8 ± 3.1 vs 58.1 ± 3.4, P 〈 0.001）. The mean pain score in group i was lower than group 2 （74.1 ± 4.7 vs 39.0 ± 3.9, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Listening to music during colonoscopy helps reduce the dose of sedative medications, as well as patients＇ anxiety, pain, dissatisfaction during the procedure. Therefore, we believe that listening to music can play an adjunctive role to sedation in colonoscopy. It is a simple, inexpensive way to improve patients＇ comfort during the procedure.
文摘The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted perception of a number of very important features that tend to be underrated, discarded or not taken in the due consideration by the public. Only recently has musicology paid attention to the danger of this stereotyped vision of classical music, regarded as a sort of temple of seriousness, or as a kingdom where an alleged harmony reigns unchallenged. The topic of this article is precisely the other side of classical music, which also turns out to be a world torn by conflict and filled with artistic tension, where things do not always add up. To support this standpoint, a number of very well-known pieces are considered, paying attention to their less reassuring features. Thus, compositions that seemed to be familiar show a complex and disturbing expressive texture. As a result, a widespread listening attitude finds reasonable grounds for being changed： Instead of languidly leaning back into the armchair with closed eyes, the unbiased listener is requested by the music itself to keep its eyes wide open.
