从琵琶曲《思春》到粤乐《悲秋》的乐调考证与传播变化

20世纪初的粤乐《悲秋》,属苦音,改编自华秋苹《琵琶谱》(1818年)的《思春》。透过对19至20世纪初各种琵琶谱的分析,并参考我对古琴古谱音律的研究成果,本文推断《琵琶谱》之《思春》亦属苦音。不过,面对西方音乐冲击的大环境,当《思春》在华东的琵琶流派传播,演变为现代版本的《塞上曲》时,乐曲失去了苦音特性,成为羽调。但是,在广东地区,传播至粤乐和粤曲领域,变为《悲秋》时,乐曲则保留了苦音风格,显示了地方音乐对跨区域音乐传播的结果有重要影响。

Clinical features of adverse reactions associated with telbivudine

AIM: To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of adverse reactions associated with telbivudine. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from cases that presented with serious adverse reactions to telbivudine. We analyzed general information and medicine status, clinical features, results of examination, and misdiagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 105 patients who were treated with telbivudine for hepatitis B in an outpatient department from January, 2007 to January, 2008, five presented with serious adverse drug reactions. Most of these five patients had used other nucleoside analogues in the past. Four were treated with a combination of telbivudine and interferon or another nucleoside analogue, while the other received an increased dose of telbivudine. The main adverse reactions were myalgia and general weakness. This was accompanied by cardiac arrhythmia in one patient, and nervous symptoms in three. Serum creatine kinase was elevated. The rate of misdiagnosis was high. CONCLUSION: The adverse reactions were related to telbivudine, but the biological mechanism of the reactions is not yet clear. Combination therapy with interferon or another nucleoside analogue and a high dose may increase the risk of adverse reactions.

Residue curve maps of ethyl acetate synthesis reaction

The residue curve maps are considered as a powerful tool for the preliminary design of reactive distillation. The residue curve maps of ethyl acetate synthesis reaction were calculated based on the pseudo-homogeneous rate-based kinetic model and the NRTL activity coefficient model. The results show that the unstable node branch emerges from the ethyl acetate/water edge, moving toward the chemical equilibrium surface with the increase of Damkoeler value （D）, and the node reaches the ternary reactive azeotrope when D-∞ eventually. Conceptual design for the ethyl acetate synthesis of reactive distillation based on the residue curve maps is presented at last.

马思聪《粤曲三首》中广东音乐的运用

马思聪先生是我国著名的小提琴家、作曲家、音乐教育家,在我国近代音乐史上有着举足轻重的地位。马先生的音乐创作涉及小提琴音乐、交响音乐、钢琴音乐、协奏曲、室内乐、歌剧等多个领域,其中马先生以广东音乐为素材创作的钢琴独奏曲《粤曲三首》较为突出。本文主要从广东音乐的主题旋律,常用的调、调式、转调特征、曲式结构、传统旋律发展法等方面对钢琴独奏曲《粤曲三首》的地方民族性特征进行了分析研究。